The Turf Zone Podcast

The Turf Zone
  • 4.3 (3)
  • Business
  • Updated Weekly

All Your Turf News In One Place

Episodes

  1. 1d ago

    Investigating effects of Antisalt and CalPlus on creeping bentgrass quality and physiological fitness under salt stress

    Welcome to The Turf Zone podcast. This episode is investigating effects of Antisalt and CalPlus on creeping bentgrass quality and physiological fitness under salt stress. Written by Xunzhong Zhang, Mike Goatley, Maude Focke, Taylor Motsinger, Berit Smith, and Graham Sherman. Introduction and Objective Salt stress is one of the major limiting factors in turfgrass management in many areas. Various agronomic and chemical approaches have been used to alleviate salt-induced injury to turfgrass. Antisalt and CalPlus are two products which have been documented to improve plant tolerance to salt stress. The objective of this study was to investigate if foliar application of Antisalt and CalPlus at two different rates affects physiological fitness and quality of creeping bentgrass under salt stress conditions. Research Procedure Mature ‘A4’ creeping bentgrass plugs (4-inch diameter) were collected from field plots and transplanted into 6-inch pots filled with fine sand with 10% calcined clay in mid-September 2024. The bentgrass was maintained at 0.6 inch and fertilized biweekly. After about four weeks of non-stressed growth under optimum temperature, water, fertilizer, and light conditions, the grass was treated with the two products at two rates of the products each on October 8, 2024. There were 6 treatments with 4 replications. The product solution (rates listed below) was applied to the canopy, and the same amount of water was applied to the controls (treatments #1 and 6). The treated grass was grown in a controlled environment growth chamber at 71.6 ºF day (12 h)/64.4 ºF night, light intensity at 400 µmol m-2 s-1, 12 h photoperiod, and 65% relative humidity. After 12 h of the initial treatment, we initiated salt stress treatment. Sodium chloride (NaCl) solution at 2 ds/m concentration was added first, and then 4 ds/m concentration, and 6 ds/m concentration, and finally 8 ds/m concentration at 48 h after initiation of salt stress treatment. The salt concentration in the growth media was maintained at about 8 ds/m level during the trial by monitoring the salt concentration with a portable TDR-300 meter. The grass was irrigated with salt water and fresh water alternatively in order to maintain water content near field capacity and EC level at about 8 ds/m during the trial. The treatments include Fertilized control (0.15 lb N/1000 ft² biweekly) + salt stress; Antisalt at 3 fl oz/1000 ft² biweekly + salt stress; Antisalt at 9 fl oz/1000 ft² biweekly + salt stress; CalPlus at 3 oz/1000 ft² biweekly + salt stress; CalPlus at 9 oz/1000 ft² biweekly + salt stress; and Fertilized control, non-salt stress. Flobond LX50 Antisalt was provided by SNF Inc. (Riceboro, GA) and CalPlus was from Harrell’s (Lakeland, FL). The rate of N fertilization (from 28-8-18) for treatments #2, 3, 4, and 5 was the same as control treatments #1 and 6. Measurements The stress period of the trial lasted for 8 weeks with a total of 4 treatment applications. Bentgrass growth and physiological responses were measured biweekly. Root growth characteristics and viability were measured at the end of the trial. In addition, leaf tissue nutrient levels (N, P, K, Na, Ca, S, Mg) were determined with the ICP method. The data were subjected to an analysis of variance and where appropriate, mean separations were performed with a protected Fisher’s least significance difference test at a 5% probability level. Results and Discussion Leaf color and green leaf percentage (GL) Salt stress reduced leaf color ratings. CalPlus application at the two rates improved leaf color ratings relative to the control as measured from day 14 through day 56. Application of Antisalt also improved leaf color rating at 3 fl oz/1000 ft² at day 14, 28, and 56 when compared to the control. The GL declined in response to salt stress. CalPlus application at the two rates improved GL as measured at day 28, day 42, and day 56. Antisalt at 3 fl oz/1000 ft² also improved GL when compared to the control as measured at day 42 and 56. Clipping production and relative clipping weight Salt stress reduced plant growth and clipping production. Application of Antisalt and CalPlus at the two rates alleviated clipping reduction as measured at day 56. Salt stress reduced relative clipping weight, and Antisalt and CalPlus treatments has greater relative clipping weight than the salt control as measured at day 56. Leaf chlorophyll and carotenoids Salt stress reduced chlorophyll and carotenoids content. Application of CalPlus at the two rates increased chlorophyll content relative to the salt control at day 42 and 56. Antisalt treatment at the two rates also increased chlorophyll content relative to the salt control at day 42. Similarly, application of CalPlus at the two rates increased carotenoids content relative to the salt control at day 42 and 56. Antisalt treatment at the two rates also increased carotenoids content relative to the salt control at day 42. Leaf photochemical efficiency (PE) and antioxidant SOD activity Salt stress reduced PE. CalPlus treatments improved PE relative to salt control as measured from day 14 through day 56. Antisalt treatments also improved PE as measured at day 28, 42, and 56. Application of Antisalt and CalPlus at the two rates improved antioxidant enzyme SOD activity when compared to the salt control measured at day 42 and 56. Leaf nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, S, Mg) Application of Antisalt at 3 fl/1000 ft² and CalPlus at 9 fl oz/1000 ft² improved leaf N and S content relative to the control. Antisalt increased P content and CalPlus at both rates increased leaf Ca, S, and Mg content relative to the control. Root growth characteristics, relative root weight (RRWT) and viability Antisalt and CalPlus at 9 fl oz/1000 ft² increased root biomass, length, surface area, volume, viability, and relative root weight when compared to the salt control. Antisalt and Calplus at 3 fl oz/1000 ft² also improved root viability relative to the salt control. Summary. Applications of CalPlus at 3 and 9 fl oz/1000 ft² and Antisalt at 3 fl oz/1000 ft² improved leaf color, clipping production, photosynthetic pigments, photochemical efficiency, antioxidant SOD activity, and root growth and viability. Antisalt at 9 fl oz/1000 ft² also increased clipping production, photochemical efficiency, leaf chlorophyll, carotenoids, SOD activity, root biomass, and viability relative to the salt control at selected sampling dates. Antisalt at the low rate increased leaf N, P, and S content relative to the control, and CalPlus at both rates increased leaf Ca, S, and Mg content and also leaf N content at the high rate. In general, no consistent differences were observed between the two rates of CalPlus. Antisalt at 3 fl oz/1000 ft² tended to have better effects on leaf color and physiological fitness, and Antisalt at 9 fl zo/1000 ft² tended to have greater effects on root growth. Overall, the results of this study indicated foliar application of Antisalt and CalPlus at the two rates may improve salt stress tolerance by enhancing physiological fitness, leaf color, and root growth in creeping bentgrass. You have been listening to The Turf Zone Podcast. Follow The Turf Zone on X, Facebook and LinkedIn for all things turfgrass, featuring podcasts, magazines, events and more. The post Investigating effects of Antisalt and CalPlus on creeping bentgrass quality and physiological fitness under salt stress appeared first on The Turf Zone.

  2. 4d ago

    Potassium Acetate improves shade tolerance associated with carbohydrate metabolism in creeping bentgrass

    Welcome to The Turf Zone podcast. This episode covers how potassium acetate improves shade tolerance associated with carbohydrate metabolism in creeping bentgrass. Written by Taylor Flanary, Mike Goatley, and Xunzhong Zhang – School of Plant and Environmental Sciences – Virginia Tech – Blacksburg, VA Introduction and Objectives Potassium is one of the major essential nutrients in turfgrass management. Potassium acetate is a unique form of potassium available to plants because the acetate may provide a direct carbon source for plant metabolism, especially under stressful environments such as low light or shade. This study evaluated effects of potassium acetate on shade tolerance of creeping bentgrass as measured by plant growth, visual quality, biomass production, non-structural carbohydrates (TNC), and root growth. Materials and methods Greenhouse pot trial. We harvested mature ‘A4’ creeping bentgrass plugs (4″ diameter) from field plots and transplanted into 6 inch pots filled with fine sand and 10% calcined clay on February 15, 2023. The bentgrass was maintained at 0.6 inch and fertilized at 0.2 lb/1000 ft² at transplanting and then 0.15 lb N/1000 ft² biweekly thereafter. After about 8 weeks of non-stressed growth with optimum temperature, water, fertilizer, and light in greenhouse conditions. We initiated treatments as listed below, with all other management variables kept identical for the treatments. The product “Stress Relefe” containing 25% potassium derived from potassium acetate obtained from Harrell’s in April 2023 was used for this trial. We tested 4 treatments with 4 replications. The treatment solutions (listed below) were applied to the canopy with the same amount of water applied to the control (treatment #1). Immediately after treatment, the grass was subjected to artificial shade conditions. A frame was installed on the bench of the greenhouse and covered with black knit high-density polyethylene shade cloth, placed on the top of the frame and the cloth was placed about 20 inches above the grass canopy. This allowed 70% photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) to reach the canopy. The grass was kept well irrigated and light intensity, air temperature, and relative humidity were monitored hourly in the greenhouse. Treatments (applied biweekly): Fertilized control biweekly (0.10 lb N/1000 ft² from fertilizer 28-8-18 biweekly) K acetate 3 fl oz/1000 ft²/week + fertilized control biweekly K Acetate 3 fl oz/1000 ft²/biweekly + fertilized control K Acetate 6 fl oz/1000 ft²/biweekly + fertilized control The stress period of the trial lasted for 8 weeks and a total of 4 treatment applications were made to the plugs. Turf quality, physiological responses, clipping production, leaf protein content, and non-structural carbohydrates were measured biweekly. At the end of the trial, root biomass was measured. Results and Discussion Turf quality Foliar application of the potassium acetate product at 3 and 6 fl oz/1000 ft² biweekly improved turf quality relative to the control as measured on Day 14 and day 28, and all three potassium acetate rates improved turf quality relative to the control as measured at Day 42 and 56). The best turf quality was achieved when potassium acetate was applied at 3 fl oz/1000 ft² biweekly as measured at the end of the trial. Photochemical efficiency The potassium acetate at all rates improved PE relative to the control as measured from day 14 through day 56. Leaf chlorophyll content The potassium acetate at all rates improved chlorophyll content relative to the control as measured from day 14 through day 56. Among the treatments, potassium acetate at 3 fl oz/1000 ft² every 14 days tended to have better effects on chlorophyll content. Clipping production. There was no significant difference in clipping production among the treatments. Clipping weight tended to increase as the potassium acetate rate increased. Total soluble protein content. We found the protein measurement is more stable relative to amino acid content, so we measured leaf total soluble protein content in replacement of amino acid content. The potassium acetate significantly increased protein content in the leaf tissues as measured from day 28 through day 56. The total soluble content tended to increase as the potassium acetate rate increased. Leaf non-structural carbohydrate content The potassium acetate at 3 fl oz/1000 ft² weekly improved leaf glucose content when compared to the control as measured at day 56. The potassium acetate at all rates improved leaf fructose content as measured at day 14. The potassium acetate at 3 fl oz/1000 ft² biweekly improved fructose content as measured at day 28 and 42. At the end of the trial, potassium acetate at 6 fl oz/1000 ft² biweekly improved fructose content relative to the control. The potassium acetate at all rates improved leaf sucrose content when compared to the control as measured at day 56, with the treatment at 3 fl oz/1000 ft² weekly having better effects. The potassium acetate at 3 fl oz/1000 ft² weekly also improved sucrose content when compared to the control as measured at day 14 and 42. The potassium acetate at all rates improved leaf total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC, glucose + Fructose + sucrose) content when compared to the control as measured at day 56, with the treatment at 3 fl oz/1000 ft² weekly having better effects. The potassium acetate at 3 fl oz/1000 ft² weekly also improved TNC content when compared to the control as measured at day 14 and 42. Root biomass Foliar application of the potassium acetate product at 3 fl oz/1000 ft² weekly or biweekly and 6 fl oz/1000 ft² biweekly improved root biomass relative to the control. The greatest root biomass was found in the grass treated with potassium acetate at 3 fl oz/1000 ft² biweekly. Summary. Foliar application of potassium acetate improved turf quality, photochemical efficiency, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf protein and nonstructural carbohydrate content when compared to a non-treated control in creeping bentgrass managed under shade stress conditions. The potassium acetate treatments also improved root biomass relative to the control. No consistent differences in turf quality and physiological responses among the three potassium acetate treatments were found in this study. The potassium acetate applied at 3 fl oz/1000 ft² weekly tended to have larger effects on leaf sucrose and TNC. The results of this study suggest that foliar application of potassium acetate may improve creeping bentgrass performance under shade environments. You have been listening to The Turf Zone Podcast. Follow The Turf Zone on X, Facebook and LinkedIn for all things turfgrass, featuring podcasts, magazines, events and more. The post Potassium Acetate improves shade tolerance associated with carbohydrate metabolism in creeping bentgrass appeared first on The Turf Zone.

  3. Sep 28

    $1.1 million Virginia Turfgrass Foundation endowment expands graduate education and research

    Welcome to The Turf Zone Podcast. A $1.1 million endowment established by the Virginia Turfgrass Foundation is creating lasting opportunities for graduate students in Virginia Tech’s School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, strengthening cutting-edge turfgrass research while advancing sustainable solutions for the turfgrass industry. Decades in the making, the endowment represents a milestone in the longstanding partnership between Virginia Tech and the Virginia Turfgrass Foundation. Established in 1988, the Virginia Turfgrass Foundation promotes the benefits of natural grass and works exclusively with the Virginia Tech Turfgrass Team in funding research that provides homeowners and industry professionals with strategies and tools to achieve the highest possible quality turfgrass with the fewest required management inputs. While the foundation has supported turfgrass research at the university for nearly 30 years, leaders from both organizations came together in 2017 with a renewed vision: to build a permanent, impactful funding model that could meaningfully support graduate education. “While we always appreciate the support on smaller, short-term projects that meet immediate industry needs, our goal was to move the needle — to truly support graduate students, their research, and the future of the turfgrass industry,” said David McCall, associate professor and Extension turfgrass pathologist. From vision to endowment That vision led the foundation’s leaders and Virginia Tech faculty members to explore how to maximize donor dollars for long-term impact. With guidance from alumni and industry partners, the foundation focused on building a true endowment — a permanent fund designed to generate annual support rather than provide short-term funding. A significant portion of this funding came from the Virginia Tech Turfgrass Research Classic Golf Tournament, which has raised more than $500,000 for the foundation. Additional contributions from industry partners and supporters also helped grow the fund, which is held in an endowment and brokerage account and drawn from annually. “This wasn’t about a one-time gift,” said Brandyn Baty, executive director of the Virginia Turfgrass Foundation. “We wanted something sustainable that would support students year after year, long after any one event or campaign.” Key foundation leaders involved in re-envisioning how the endowment supported Virginia Tech research included alumni Eric Frazier ‘00 and Dean Whitehead ‘99, along with Jim Wilson and Jeff Everhart, two honorary Hokies whose longstanding support has helped strengthen the partnership. Full support for graduate students Unlike many funding sources that support a portion of a student’s education through sponsoring specific projects, the Virginia Turfgrass Foundation endowment is designed to fully fund a graduate research assistantship. The foundation has committed to supporting at least one new graduate student annually, with the potential to support multiple students as the endowment continues to grow. “Giving students the opportunity to pursue graduate education without financial uncertainty changes everything,” McCall said. “It allows them to focus on innovation, discovery, and impact.” The first student supported by the foundation was Elisabeth Kitchin M.S. ‘25, whose master’s degree research set the standard for what the endowment could accomplish. Now a doctoral student, Kitchin also manages the university’s turfgrass research facility at Independence Golf Club in Midlothian. “Beyond just the financial support, the foundation and the broader Virginia turfgrass industry have provided me with an abundance of mentorship, encouragement, and guidance throughout my time as a graduate student,” Kitchin said. “As a young professional entering the turfgrass industry, I have felt genuinely supported by the researchers, educators, superintendents, and industry professionals around me.” Precision, technology, and sustainability Kitchin’s research focuses on precision turfgrass management, including the use of machine learning models to identify turfgrass diseases such as dollar spot, a common fungal disease that plagues the turfgrass industry. By improving the accuracy of disease identification and treatment, her work helps reduce unnecessary pesticide applications, saving costs and minimizing environmental impacts. She and endowment-supported student Sam Kreinberg, the first official graduate research assistant funded under the new long-term endowment structure, both focus on precision irrigation management — studying when, where, and how much water is needed across golf courses, sod farms, and home lawns. Kreinberg joined the turfgrass program in fall 2025 after completing his master’s degree at the University of Arkansas. His research integrates advanced technology and data-driven tools to help turfgrass managers make more informed decisions, improving water efficiency while maintaining high-quality playing surfaces. “These students are using technology to solve real-world problems,” said Mike Goatley, professor and Extension turfgrass specialist. “Their work directly benefits the turfgrass industry while supporting sustainability and environmental stewardship.” The endowment also enhances Virginia Tech’s close collaboration with the Independence Golf Club, where both Kitchin and Kreinberg conduct extensive research. This on-course research opens the doors for additional collaborations with the United States Golf Association, Syngenta Professional Solutions, and numerous other industry partners. Lasting Impact For the Virginia Turfgrass Foundation, the endowment reflects not just financial support, but a long-term commitment to students and the land-grant mission of Virginia Tech. “This is about investing in people,” McCall said. “When you invest in graduate students, you invest in research, sustainability, and the future of an entire industry.” As the endowment continues to grow, foundation leaders hope to expand the number of students supported — ensuring that the partnership between Virginia Tech and the Virginia Turfgrass Foundation continues to thrive for generations of students to come. “The endowment allows us to attract great young women and men equipped with the knowledge, work ethic, and personality to succeed,” Goatley said. “The students serve as our program’s bridge to the future of turfgrass science.” This article was written by Tyler Baugrass and was featured in Virginia Turfgrass Journal. You have been listening to The Turf Zone Podcast. Follow The Turf Zone on X, Facebook and LinkedIn for all things turfgrass, featuring podcasts, magazines, events and more. The post $1.1 million Virginia Turfgrass Foundation endowment expands graduate education and research appeared first on The Turf Zone.

  4. Sep 25

    Turfgrass Research

    Welcome to The Turf Zone podcast. This episode features an update on research projects funded by the New England Regional Turfgrass Foundation, written by Executive Director Gary Sykes. When the Foundation was created, it was the goal to fund substantial turfgrass research at our local universities. We had expected research proposals from UMass, URI and UNH since they had some ongoing activity already within their programs along with highly skilled personnel. The idea was that local research would be the most valuable to our local industry and that would be our focus. We were unaware that things were changing. In New Hampshire the program diminished due to some retirements, but in Connecticut their administrators were convinced that by dedicating funds and support to their Turfgrass Program would be beneficial to the school and the industry. It was a good hunch! New hires to grow the program immediately made a positive impact including the expansion of the turfgrass research facility. Since 1998, the Foundation has had its hand in distributing $3.4 M in research proposal funding to the universities, mostly UConn, UMass and URI. What is the Foundation up to today? Currently, the foundation has agreed to fund $180,195.77 for 2026 divided between 8 separate research projects. Here are the projects being funded in 2026: A Chemical Scent Lure to Attract Bumble Bee Queens to Nest in Irrigation Valve Boxes (Dr. Steve Alm, URI, 3 Years) Autonomous and Conventional Mowing Strategies Impact on Mowing Quality, Turfgrass Quality and Disease Incidence in Cool-Season Grasses (Dr. Jason Henderson, UConn, 2 Years) Evaluating Factors Impacting the Winter Survival and Spring Recovery in Cool-Season Turfgrasses (Dr. Michelle DaCosta, UMass, 2 Years) Management of Yellow Ring Symptoms Associated with an Emerging Turfgrass Pathogen (Dr. John Inguagiato, UConn, 2 Years) Pre- and Post-Emergence Application Timings for Goosegrass Management in New England. (Dr. Maureen Kahiu, UConn, 2 Years) Autonomous Mowing Impacts on Canada Geese Foraging Behavior and Cool-season Turfgrass Quality During Dormancy and Active Growth, (Dr. Jason Henderson, UConn, 2 Years) Evaluating Autonomous Mowing Schedule for Turf Quality and Dollar Spot Management (Dr. Geunhwa Jung, UMass, 1 Year) Optimizing the Growth Rate of Sports Turf by Integrating Plant Growth Regulators and Cultural Practices (Dr. Evan Mascitti, UMass, 3 Years) Just a word of appreciation to always remember that without the New England Regional Turfgrass Conference and Show (March 2 – 4, 2027), we would not have the funds for this capacity of research, and without the commitment of attendees, exhibitors, sponsors, and speakers, we would not have a show or a pot to you-know-what in! Our united focus has made this all work and continue to perform beyond expectations. What does the future hold? Let’s hope for fair seas and following winds, but let’s always prepare for future challenges! New England Regional Turfgrass Foundation President Ben Polimer and Director Mike Buras are the New England Sports Field Management Association’s representatives on the New England Regional Turfgrass Foundation Board of Directors. For additional details on grant awards, and the March Turfgrass Conference, visit NERTF.org. You have been listening to The Turf Zone Podcast. Follow The Turf Zone on X, Facebook and LinkedIn for all things turfgrass, featuring podcasts, magazines, events and more. The post Turfgrass Research appeared first on The Turf Zone.

  5. Sep 23

    Sports Turf Field Day – Join ATA & GSFMA at Regions Field

    Welcome to The Turf Zone podcast. The Alabama Turfgrass Association is excited to join the Georgia Sports Field Management Association for a special Sports Turf Field Day on Tuesday, October 6, at Birmingham Barons Stadium at Regions Field in Birmingham. This event will serve as ATA’s biannual Sports Turf Field Day, bringing sports turf professionals together for a day of education, networking and sharing ideas with fellow field managers. If you manage a sports field—whether at a minor league facility, municipal complex, public or private school, university or other athletic facility—this is an event you won’t want to miss. The day will feature breakout sessions, opportunities to visit with industry partners, and a general session addressing a topic that could have a significant impact on turf management this winter: “Preparing for a Super El Niño This Winter,” presented by Dr. Dave Han of Auburn University. This is a great opportunity to get out of the office, connect with your fellow sports turf professionals and gain practical knowledge you can take back to your fields. ATA sports turf managers—make plans to attend and take advantage of this opportunity to learn, network and connect with your peers across Alabama and Georgia. For additional details and registration, visit www.GeorgiaSTMA.org You have been listening to The Turf Zone Podcast. Follow The Turf Zone on X, Facebook and LinkedIn for all things turfgrass, featuring podcasts, magazines, events and more. The post Sports Turf Field Day – Join ATA & GSFMA at Regions Field appeared first on The Turf Zone.

  6. Sep 21

    Dig into Ground Pearls: Investigating Thresholds and Distributions of a Spreading Pest Complex

    Welcome to The Turf Zone podcast. This episode features the article “Dig into Ground Pearls: Investigating Thresholds and Distributions of a Spreading Pest Complex” written by Lily Deeter, Peter Hertl, and Terri Billeisen. Ground pearls (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) are severe insect pests of warm season turfgrass in North Carolina and much of the southern United States, spanning from Florida to California. These scale insects feed on grass roots fluids, causing distinctive circular dead patches turfgrass and frustration in homeowners, superintendents, and sod producers. No currently registered insecticides have shown consistent control for ground pearls (Chong, 2018; Thomson et al, 2021), likely due to their wax-protected cyst, the immature nymph stage that feeds on plant roots with piercing-sucking mouthparts. In addition, their subterranean habit and ability to remain encysted for years under adverse conditions make management of this insect challenging. As an insect family with over 100 species, ground pearls cause damage beyond managed turfgrass. Additional affected crops include grapevines in South Africa, wheat and barley in the Middle East, and sugarcane in Australia (García Morales et al., 2016). Two distinct ground pearl species infest North Carolina turfgrass: Eumargarodes laingi, known as the “pink ground pearl,” and Dimargarodes meridionalis, which is orange in the adult female life stage. While E. laingi cysts are typically a dull brown, beige, or pink, the cysts of D. meridionalis are shiny yellow, orange, or white. In North Carolina, these two species occur both separately and together in mixed infestations. As part of my dissertation research at NC State, I am investigating the ground pearl species complex and using distribution and life staging specifics to inform management. Understanding species abundance and impact may influence control approaches including product selection or timing. Greenhouse trials are ongoing to investigate and establish damage thresholds in centipedegrass, the most susceptible turfgrass species to ground pearl damage. Adult female ground pearls were introduced to potted grass containers at different densities and species combinations. Time to damage incidence is recorded as females lay eggs and establish a new generation of cysts. Damaged surface area will be estimated by individual container images using ImageJ software that quantifies green pixelation in each image. Containers are photographed every other week in a photo tent to maintain consistent lighting. Results from this study will inform not only damage potential of each ground pearl species, but also the damage and tolerance thresholds when managing infestations. I am also actively collecting distribution data for both species within and beyond the state. Once believed to be a localized issue, ground pearl infestations have now spread across most of the Coastal Plain and well into the Piedmont. Infestations of D. meridionalis are typically found in mixed infestations with E. laingi along the coast, while E. laingi infestations are spreading west as far as Wake County. Distribution data is growing through collaboration with extension agents, homeowners, and the NC State Turfgrass Diagnostics Lab. While I continue to characterize impact in North Carolina, my research on ground pearls will also investigate new pesticide formulations and emergence cycles to improve product application timing. I am also studying the evolution of this pest family using phylogenomics. Results from this research will help refine management procedures for ground pearls in North Carolina turfgrass and beyond. You have been listening to The Turf Zone Podcast. Follow The Turf Zone on X, Facebook and LinkedIn for all things turfgrass, featuring podcasts, magazines, events and more. The post Dig into Ground Pearls: Investigating Thresholds and Distributions of a Spreading Pest Complex appeared first on The Turf Zone.

  7. Sep 18

    Managing Poa annua on Ultradwarf Bermudagrass Greens

    Welcome to The Turf Zone podcast. This episode features the article “Managing Poa annua on Ultradwarf Bermudagrass Greens” written by Chris Neff, Senior Agronomist, East Region and Jim Brosnan, Ph.D., Professor, University of Tennessee. Poa annua is one of the most persistent and disruptive weeds in ultradwarf bermudagrass greens. In this article, we explain why Poa annua thrives, how it impacts putting green playability and performance, and the cultural, chemical and routine maintenance practices that can help keep it under control. Success depends not on a single herbicide, but on an integrated management program that promotes healthy bermudagrass year-round. Key Takeaways: Poa annua is problematic in ultradwarf bermudagrass putting greens because the plant characteristics and timing of active growth for the two grasses are so different. Fully eradicating Poa annua from ultradwarf greens is very challenging, so the goal for most courses is to minimize its presence and impact on playability. Pre and postemergence herbicides are part of successful control, but resistance is an issue and herbicides alone cannot solve Poa annua problems. Cultural practices and growing environments that favor dense and healthy ultradwarf greens are a critical part of any Poa annua control strategy. Poa annua remains one of the most persistent and disruptive weeds in ultradwarf bermudagrass putting greens, particularly throughout the Southeast. From a consulting perspective, it is less a question of whether Poa annua will be an issue and more a matter of how well it is managed within the system. Its biological advantages, rapid germination, prolific seed production and adaptability to low mowing heights make it uniquely suited to exploit weaknesses in bermudagrass stands, especially during seasonal transitions. The primary issue Poa annua presents is inconsistency. Bermudagrass and Poa annua differ significantly in growth habit, color, leaf texture and seasonal performance. These differences manifest most noticeably on the putting surface, where uniformity is paramount. Poa annua tends to produce a lighter green color and a more upright growth habit, creating a mottled appearance that is often unacceptable to golfers. The differences in growth habit and timing of optimal growth also lead to bumpy surfaces, especially when Poa annua is growing actively in shoulder seasons while bermudagrass is growing slowly or is fully dormant. Early spring can be especially problematic in the Southeast because conditions are ideal for Poa annua while bermudagrass is often worn down by winter play. Aggressive Poa annua seedhead production, particularly in late winter and spring, adds to the variability in ball roll. Even under intensive management, seedheads can disrupt smoothness and trueness, leading to dissatisfaction among golfers. Beyond aesthetics and playability, Poa annua also introduces agronomic challenges. It is inherently less heat and drought tolerant than bermudagrass. As temperatures rise in late spring and early summer, Poa annua often declines rapidly, often leaving voids in the putting surface. This decline is typically accelerated by disease pressure during hot, wet and humid conditions, as stressed Poa annua becomes highly susceptible to pathogens. The resulting voids reduce surface uniformity and create opportunities for further weed encroachment. Another agronomic issue is that when Poa annua is actively growing during cooler weather, ultradwarf bermudagrass greens are growing slowly, if at all. Mowing and/or rolling can help minimize the impact of Poa annua plants on ball roll, but these practices can also increase wear on the desired bermudagrass, which can lead to more opportunities for Poa annua to gain ground. As the population of Poa annua in the putting greens increases, these and other agronomic issues become more challenging to manage, so keeping Poa annua under control as much as possible is the primary goal. Fertility Program Achieving this level of surface dominance begins with a carefully balanced fertility program designed to sustain consistent growth without encouraging excessive thatch accumulation or unwanted vertical elongation. Nitrogen applications should be delivered in light, frequent increments to promote steady lateral spread and recovery, rather than flushes of growth that can lead to scalping or increased disease susceptibility. Equally important, potassium should be maintained at adequate levels to enhance plant resilience, particularly in the face of summer stressors such as heat, traffic, and periodic drought. Elevated soil phosphorus levels have been associated with increased Poa annua populations in closely mown turfgrass environments (Guertal & McElroy, 2018). Excessive phosphorus can provide a competitive advantage to Poa annua, allowing it to establish and persist more readily in putting greens and other intensively managed turf areas. For this reason, phosphorus applications should be guided by soil test results and targeted to maintain levels within agronomically appropriate ranges, thereby promoting the competitiveness of the desired bermudagrass while reducing conditions that may favor Poa annua encroachment. Rutgers University turfgrass research has noted that elevated soil pH can be associated with increased Poa annua pressure in creeping bentgrass, making pH management an important cultural tool in suppression programs (McNally et al., 2024). Maintaining soil pH in a slightly more acidic range can help strengthen bermudagrass competitiveness and reduce Poa annua populations over time. Moisture Management Moisture management is equally critical in tipping the competitive balance toward bermudagrass during the summer months. Excessively wet conditions, whether from overwatering, poor drainage or prolonged rainfall, create an environment highly conducive to Poa annua germination, survival, and eventual reestablishment. In contrast, firm, well-drained surfaces inherently favor bermudagrass by promoting deeper rooting, improved oxygen exchange, and greater heat and traffic stress tolerance. Superintendents should target a consistently moderate soil moisture profile, carefully balancing the need to prevent drought-induced stress with the equally important goal of avoiding prolonged saturation. This requires a disciplined, responsive irrigation approach, in which water is applied based on plant demand and environmental conditions rather than on fixed schedules. Allowing the surface to dry down between irrigation events not only enhances firmness and playability but also puts Poa annua at a competitive disadvantage, encouraging bermudagrass to expand laterally and occupy available space. Using portable moisture meters to guide putting green irrigation can significantly improve the precision and effectiveness of this program. By providing real-time, site-specific data, these tools allow superintendents to make informed irrigation decisions that optimize water-use efficiency and maintain optimal rootzone moisture. Improving surface and subsurface drainage is also an effective part of Poa annua control. Areas of putting greens that tend to gather and hold more water are often where a high amount of Poa annua encroachment is observed during cooler and wetter periods, so any projects that can be done to improve drainage will enhance bermudagrass health and limit the amount of moisture available for Poa annua. Cultural Practices Cultural practices during the summer should be intentionally structured to enhance the density and vigor of bermudagrass and actively disrupt the life cycle of Poa annua. Topdressing and aeration are fundamental practices for maintaining healthy ultradwarf greens, and they place Poa annua at a relative disadvantage by limiting the amount of moisture that is held in the upper portion of the putting green rootzone. Incorporating vertical mowing and grooming into the program refines surface quality and triggers new shoot growth for improved density and increased surface smoothness. The frequency, intensity and timing of all cultural practices should be carefully managed to maintain bermudagrass vigor and allow adequate recovery time. Excessive stress weakens the competitive advantage of bermudagrass, creating favorable conditions for Poa annua germination, establishment and long-term persistence. Slightly raising the mowing height on ultradwarf putting greens heading into fall can help improve Poa annua control by reducing mechanical stress on the turf. Healthier, less-stressed bermudagrass develops greater density and is better able to compete with Poa annua. The additional leaf tissue will also help maintain bermudagrass density and coverage through the winter, when wear can create voids for Poa annua to occupy going into spring. Minimizing shade on ultradwarf putting greens is another important “cultural practice” that will help minimize Poa annua issues. Bermudagrass requires high light levels to maintain density and vigor, whereas Poa annua can persist under lower light conditions. Trees or surrounding vegetation that intercept sunlight will weaken bermudagrass and create favorable conditions for Poa annua establishment. Increasing sunlight through selective tree pruning or removal can strengthen bermudagrass competitiveness and should be considered an important component of any long-term Poa annua management program. Herbicides While routine maintenance practices that support bermudagrass health form the foundation of Poa annua control, a well-structured herbicide program is essential for long-term success. Preemergence herbicides are the cornerstone of this approach. Applications should be timed to coincide with declining soil temperatures in late summer and early fall, typically when temperatures at the 2-inch depth consistently fall below 70 degrees Fahrenheit. Poa annua emergence typically occurs when 24-hour mean soil temperatur

  8. Sep 16

    Don’t Miss the Southeast’s Premier Turfgrass Event—Deep South Turf Expo

    Welcome to The Turf Zone Podcast. This episode previews the Southeast’s Premier Turfgrass Event – the Deep South Turf Expo. Every year, the Deep South Turf Expo brings together the best and brightest in the turfgrass industry for three days of education, networking, and discovering the latest products and technologies shaping our profession. This year’s event promises to be one of the best yet. Mark your calendars for October 27–29, 2026, as the Deep South Turf Expo returns to the beautiful Beau Rivage Resort in Biloxi, Mississippi. This year brings an exciting enhancement—all educational sessions, the tradeshow, networking events, and accommodations will be held under one roof at the Beau Rivage, creating an even more convenient and enjoyable experience for attendees. Hosted by the Alabama Turfgrass Association in partnership with several leading turfgrass organizations across the Southeast, the Deep South Turf Expo has become the region’s premier educational event for golf course superintendents, sports field managers, lawn care professionals, landscapers, sod producers, grounds managers, municipal employees, university personnel, and right-of-way professionals. This year’s educational program is packed with timely topics that address today’s biggest challenges and tomorrow’s emerging opportunities. Industry experts and university researchers from Auburn University, Mississippi State University, Louisiana State University, the University of Florida, Penn State University, and beyond will share the latest research and practical management strategies that attendees can immediately apply in the field. Sessions will explore subjects including robotics and automation, precision pesticide application, soil moisture technologies, herbicide and fungicide programs, sports field management, turfgrass breeding, irrigation management, and preparing athletic fields for world-class sporting events. Whether your operation is large or small, there is educational content designed specifically for your needs. Of course, education is only part of what makes the Deep South Turf Expo such a valuable event. The tradeshow provides attendees with an excellent opportunity to visit face-to-face with industry suppliers, compare the newest equipment and technologies, and learn about products that can improve efficiency and performance. Just as important are the conversations that happen in the exhibit hall, during meals, and throughout the conference. The Deep South Turf Expo has always been about connecting with colleagues, sharing ideas, and strengthening professional relationships across the Southeast. Networking begins even before the conference officially gets underway. On Tuesday afternoon, golfers can participate in the annual Scramble Golf Tournament at The Preserve Golf Club before everyone comes together for the always-popular Tailgate Celebration. It’s the perfect opportunity to reconnect with old friends, welcome new faces, and enjoy an evening of Southern hospitality before the educational sessions begin. Alabama Turfgrass Association Annual Business Meeting All Alabama Turfgrass Association members are strongly encouraged to attend the ATA Annual Business Meeting on Wednesday, October 28, at 1:00 p.m. During the meeting, members will conduct important Association business, vote on the proposed Board of Directors slate, and recognize this year’s recipient of the ATA Lifetime Achievement Award. Your participation helps shape the future of our Association, and we encourage every member attending the Expo to make plans to be there. One Location. Endless Opportunities. One of the biggest advantages of this year’s Expo is the convenience of having everything located at the Beau Rivage Resort. Attendees can stay, learn, network, visit exhibitors, and participate in Association activities without ever leaving the property. That means more time connecting with fellow professionals and less time traveling between venues. Whether you’re looking to earn continuing education credits, discover innovative products, hear the latest university research, or simply reconnect with friends and colleagues from across the region, the 2026 Deep South Turf Expo delivers exceptional value. And as an added bonus, Alabama has approved the DSTE program for 20 Alabama Pesticide Re-Certification Points. If you’ve attended before, you already know why this event has become a must-attend gathering for turfgrass professionals. If you’ve never been, this is the perfect year to experience everything the Expo has to offer. Registration is now open, and discounted rooms at the Beau Rivage are available for a limited time. Make plans today to join your fellow Alabama Turfgrass Association members in Biloxi this October. We look forward to seeing you at the Beau Rivage for another outstanding Deep South Turf Expo—where the Southeast’s turfgrass professionals come together to learn, connect, and grow. For additional information and to register online visit www.DeepSouthTurfExpo.org You have been listening to The Turf Zone Podcast. Follow The Turf Zone on X, Facebook and LinkedIn for all things turfgrass, featuring podcasts, magazines, events and more. The post Don’t Miss the Southeast’s Premier Turfgrass Event—Deep South Turf Expo appeared first on The Turf Zone.

  9. Sep 14

    My FIFA World Cup Experience

    Welcome to The Turf Zone podcast. This episode features the article “My FIFA World Cup Experience” written by Dante Filadoro and read from New England Blade magazine. Getting the opportunity to work on the field crew for the World Cup at Boston Stadium was an experience I will never forget. Being part of an event of that size was incredible, but what made it even better was getting to work alongside so many great people from throughout the turf industry. The crew brought together local turf managers from just about every area you could think of, including parks and recreation, colleges, high schools, golf courses, sports turf, consulting, and landscaping. Everyone had different experiences and knowledge to bring to the table, and it was great being able to work side by side, share ideas, and learn from each other. It showed how strong the turf community is and how people from completely different parts of the industry can come together and work toward the same goal. I especially want to thank Ryan Bjorn and the crew he has at Boston Stadium. Everyone on that team was welcoming, helpful, and willing to share their knowledge. They are some incredibly smart turf managers who take a lot of pride in what they do. Even with the long days and pressure that comes with preparing a field for an event like the World Cup, they made it an enjoyable experience and treated everyone like part of the crew. It was also awesome getting to work alongside so many Stockbridge alumni. Seeing people who went through the same program and have gone on to work in different areas of the turf industry was something I really enjoyed. Having everyone come together for an event this big made me even more proud to be part of the Stockbridge community. Most of all, I can’t thank Ryan, Drew, Chris, and the rest of the Field Crew team enough for allowing me to be a part of this experience. I learned a lot, met some great people, and made memories that I’ll carry with me throughout my career. Being able to help prepare a field for the World Cup is something I’ll always be proud of, but the people I got to work alongside are what made the experience truly special. It was an amazing opportunity and one that I will remember forever. • A recent UMass Stockbridge graduate, Dante Filadoro is Operations Manager at New England Sports Turf in Chelmsford, MA. He is a 2025 DeWolf Outdoor Education scholarship recipient. You have been listening to The Turf Zone Podcast. Follow The Turf Zone on X, Facebook and LinkedIn for all things turfgrass, featuring podcasts, magazines, events and more. The post My FIFA World Cup Experience appeared first on The Turf Zone.

  10. Sep 11

    Member Spotlight on Lee Fillingim

    Welcome to The Turf Zone podcast. This episode spotlights the Alabama Turfgrass Association incoming president Lee Fillingim – Golf Course Superintendent at Cherokee Pines Golf Course in Centre, Alabama. With 30 years in the golf course and turfgrass industry and 11 years as a member of the Alabama Turfgrass Association, Lee Fillingim has built a career defined by dedication, leadership, relationships, and a genuine passion for the people who make up the turfgrass industry. Lee earned his B.S. in Operations Management from Auburn University and began his golf course management career at The Fields Golf Course in LaGrange, Georgia. He later returned to Auburn to earn a second degree in Agronomy and Soils before moving to Macon, Georgia, where he began his career as a Golf Course Superintendent. Lee and his wife, Lagina, originally planned to spend only a year and a half in Macon. Instead, the community became home for the next 18 years. From there, the family relocated to Anniston, Alabama, where Lee served as Golf Course Superintendent at Anniston Country Club for 11 years. Today, he leads the turfgrass operation at Cherokee Pines Golf Course in Centre. Throughout his career, Lee has embraced opportunities to serve and give back to the industry. His leadership experience includes serving on the Board of Directors for the Georgia Golf Course Superintendents Association, serving as President of the Alabama Golf Course Superintendents Association, and now preparing to serve as incoming President of the Alabama Turfgrass Association. The Influence of Mentors When Lee reflects on his three decades in the industry, one of the things he values most is the many people who have influenced his career. “Mentors come in many forms,” Lee says. “Whether coworkers, sales representatives, fellow superintendents, sod farm owners, landscapers, or educators, each has played a role in shaping us in the everyday moments of our work.” While he is grateful for the lessons learned from countless people along the way, one mentor has had a particularly lasting influence: Wade Thomas, Superintendent at Idle Hour Country Club in Macon, Georgia. “Wade has been and continues to this day to be my most influential mentor,” Lee says. More Than an Association For Lee, the Alabama Turfgrass Association represents something much bigger than an industry organization. “What stands out most about the ATA—and about this industry as a whole—is that it’s never been driven by money,” he says. “Of course, we all work to support our families, but the way we treat one another goes far beyond business. We operate like family.” Lee believes that spirit is what makes the ATA special. Its committees, programs, and initiatives are built around education, guidance, and a genuine commitment to helping others. “Our goal is to help every member succeed, no matter the situation or opportunity,” he says. As he prepares to take on the role of ATA President, that commitment to education, service, and fellowship will be at the heart of his leadership. Looking Toward the Future Like many who have spent decades in the turfgrass industry, Lee has witnessed tremendous changes in technology and equipment. He believes the next major transformation may be the biggest yet. “Autonomous technology and AI will no doubt be the biggest game changer in the industry,” Lee says. “It is amazing to see how, in theory, one can operate an operation from a smartphone and game controller just sitting at a desk. Just drop off a mower and hit start from your iPhone. It reminds me of George Jetson!” While technology will continue to change the way turf is managed, Lee believes the relationships within the industry will remain just as important as ever. Family First Behind Lee’s career and many years of service are his wife, Lagina, their four children, and two grandchildren—all of whom have played an instrumental and supportive role throughout his professional journey. When he’s away from work, Lee enjoys spending time with his family and, of course, playing golf. His favorite rounds? The ones where he manages to break 100. With three decades of experience behind him and a new chapter of leadership ahead, Lee Fillingim brings to the Alabama Turfgrass Association not only extensive industry knowledge, but also a deep appreciation for the people, relationships, and shared commitment that make this industry special. As he steps into the role of ATA President, members can look forward to leadership grounded in experience, service, and—most importantly—the belief that we are better when we work together. You have been listening to The Turf Zone Podcast. Follow The Turf Zone on X, Facebook and LinkedIn for all things turfgrass, featuring podcasts, magazines, events and more. The post Member Spotlight on Lee Fillingim appeared first on The Turf Zone.

  • 10 Episodes

Ratings & Reviews

4.3
out of 5
3 Ratings

About

All Your Turf News In One Place

Information

You Might Also Like