The Turf Zone Podcast

The Turf Zone

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Episodes

  1. 56m ago

    The Olde Farm Shines On

    Welcome to The Turf Zone podcast. This episode spotlights Jim McGlothlin’s The Olde Farm in Southwest Virginia. Written by Beck Stanley. When I enter Southwest Virginia, only one thing comes to mind: a deep wonder of when and if I will ever play Jim McGlothlin’s The Olde Farm. That prayer was finally answered this September when I visited with the club’s staff and membership to enjoy the legendary course staked out by architect Bobby Weed in two short days back in the late 1990’s. It only recently fell down a spot to #2 in the state according to Golf Digest but went up to #103 nationally, notable as the logjam of world class courses continues to grow. And frankly, it should grow. Golf enriches the world and benefits everyone involved, protects natural environments, provides recreational venues for all and attracts millions in tourist spending. More unsettling is how exactly North Carolina’s mountain region outcompetes Virginia’s in this era of destination golf. Even Tennessee is emerging with major new courses, led by Virginia Tech grad Andrew Green’s exciting new Firefly project. McGlothlin’s commitment to the idea of The Olde Farm, a flawless, focused, excellent experience by every measure, fuels it into the future. Gone a year or so, his presence is still felt in every corner of the sprawling property. The course, Clubhouse, grounds, on-site bee hives, produce gardens, orchards and infrastructure are all flawless, with staff going to great lengths to deliver a world class experience to anyone who bounces over the cattle guards, steel emblems of entrance and escape. What blew me away and cements this club as a national leader, is its insistence on continuing and expanding the philanthropic contributions of its founder. McGlothlin and his network sprang into action after Hurricane Helene ripped through Appalachia, raising hundreds of thousands of dollars for home rebuilds. The club has hosted high dollar fundraising campaigns for the Grundy school McGlothlin supported in his hometown, Mountain Mission School, where children from all over the world are given hope and healing. In just one event in 2010, the Big 3 for Mountain Mission School, over $15M was raised, shattering PGA Tour records for one-day fundraisers. In 2018, The Olde Farm hosted The American Legends Golf Tournament, raising almost $57 Million for Mountain Mission School. For his 85th birthday, just six weeks before his passing, more than $400,000 was raised for Mountain Mission. But there’s another local school, the Morrison School, where McGlothlin’s widow, Fran, is still hard at work securing a better future for children dealt a bad hand. Having seen its impacts and how it can grow in the coming years, the VTC will be making our Christmas contribution in Fran’s honor to the Morrison School, and a link can be found at the end of this article where you, too, can support both Mountain Mission and Morrison schools. The club’s General Manager and COO, Larry Klein, first came across McGlothlin in the mid 1990’s. “He was sharp as a tack and engaged in his business, family and community until the very end. There is no secret to his success. He simply worked hard and paid attention to the details,” Klein told me. “He was a great friend, and I strive to ensure his favorite place on earth, The Olde Farm, remains true to its traditions.” Every single person I spoke to about this story raved about Klein’s work, citing a lynchpin whose experience brings together hospitality, authenticity, and a deep understanding of what’s now at stake for the game of golf. Klein’s career brought him to some of the world’s most beautiful places, like the Grand Tetons and The Greenbrier, but he told me more than once during our visit how he wouldn’t trade his current role for anything. And who can blame him? Anyone who has combed through The Olde Farm’s substantial media coverage would hold high expectations for this place. It exceeded every single one of mine. First, the staff. Klein follows Bill Miller and Marc Eubanks as GM, leading a committed, overqualified team that includes Superintendent Corey Landon, a Penn State grad and turfgrass prodigy who clearly has no trouble maintaining this national treasure. Handpicked by McGlothlin himself, Klein and his team are now entrusted with caring for what will certainly rise into the top 100 courses in America. They handle the club seamlessly and carry with them a devout passion for their work. Much like Kinloch — the beloved Lester George/Vinny Giles collaboration — this club spent its first 25 years racking up accolades and universal praise while claiming a sturdy Clubhouse crowd; they’ve got both Bushes, the entire Manning Family, the late Arnold Palmer, 6-time PGA Tour winner Mike Hulbert, Darius Rucker, Jack Nicklaus, Gary Player, Mike Smith, Dan Marino, Tim Finchem, the Watkins brothers and Frank Beamer among its membership, which seems to be unofficially capped around 400. Shortly after covid lockdowns were lifted, the Manning Family happened to be the first to enjoy a meal in the reopened Clubhouse. Next, the course. Its long, wide open and flowing fairways connect holes under one giant carpet of L93 bentgrass, but every hole somehow still feels secluded. The many half par holes are delightful, and you’ll find plenty of backstops and opportunities for creative shotmaking. Large greens – rolling a 12.8 in mid-September – welcome long, dramatic runouts for older players while fending off the fragile, distance shy gamemakers with ample trees, 7100+ yard lengths, and treacherous competition pin placements. The club added a par-3 Orchard Course in 2014 to rave reviews, and the practice facilities have been updated since the course’s opening in 2000. Broomsedge speckles the landscape and bunker lines. Native grasses whisk between fairways and the “Long Barn,” an especially unique halfway house filled with regional memorabilia, fully restored to historic specifications. In the background of the opening three holes, bales of hay dot the field above where you can see almost the entire 1200-acre property. The drought plaguing most of Virginia this year never hit Bristol, and Superintendent Corey Landon is grateful. To be frank, it all feels a lot more like a top 30 or 40 to me, comparable to some of Bandon’s courses or nearby Old Town, with a membership on par with the greats. It was only recently knocked off its perch as best in Virginia by Kinloch, but even some members there openly wonder how long that will last. Perhaps one explanation for Kinloch’s staying power is its ability to attract elite amateur competition. After all, this is a game meant to be played, not just enjoyed. The Olde Farm is a natural fit for USGA championships with minimal alterations necessary to host the game’s top amateurs. Its membership should embrace it. Finally, the Clubhouse. It’s a brick replica of a Charlottesville estate known as Castle Hill. Out front, a reproduction Civil War cannon is used for shotgun starts, a hat tip to the property’s history as a thoroughfare for armies and calvary. The Golf Shop is especially thoughtful in its size and product offerings. There are a lot of things in Golf Shops these days that bring me pause. What kind of psychopath is buying hats with upside down words on them? Or easter bunny pastel gloves, in the men’s section? None of that garbage can be found at The Olde Farm. Upstairs to the locker rooms, the typical comforts are found and presented simply. The walls are covered in warm greetings from presidents, CEOs, and professional golfers who fell in love with the place. Weed’s original drawing of the topography and routing is framed at the top of the stairs, and commissioned paintings from McGlothlin’s epic art collection adorn the dining room. True to form, he donated most of his $60M+ collection to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts for all to enjoy. Downstairs is a wine cellar with plenty of bottles you won’t find anymore, anywhere, for any price. I got a peek at a food menu, and it felt more like a James Beard award-winning restaurant than anything you will ever see in Bristol. The hardest part of the day was leaving. Hulbert, that six-time PGA Tour champ I mentioned earlier, happened to be in the parking lot praying over the Book of Rules. He travels the country with CBS’ golf crew, advising the network’s team on officiating calls. He also happens to be an East Tennessee State University alum, lives nearby in Erwin part-time and raises funds for the school’s golf program under AD Doc Sander, who is also a member. “Most mountain courses have to close in the fall, but we get to enjoy this place until December,” he tells me. “And so many of these great courses are covered in houses, it’s nice to get away from that. USGA events, yeah, there is an opportunity for it here. I think the membership could be persuaded. College events, too, maybe a three-day.” Golf is a series of risks. We can take plenty of ‘em now in Bristol at its new Hard Rock casino, and we shouldn’t be surprised to learn McGlothlin had a major hand in bringing that to town, too. We all get to hold those chances in our hands when we tee up a ball or miss a putt then, next thing we know, the clank of those cattleguards returns us to reality. For men like Jim McGlothlin, there was no such option, no such risk. He simply made the putts that mattered most. The difference is that after he made them, he helped others do the same, leaving behind a culture of excellence at The Olde Farm. To make a donation to the Morrison School, visit https://morrisonschool.org/giving To make a donation to Mountain Mission School in Grundy, Virginia, visit https://mountainmission.org You have been listening to The Turf Zone Podcast. Follow The Turf Zone on X, Facebook and LinkedIn for all things turfgrass, featuring podcast

  2. Oct 26

    In Memoriam: James H. Connelly

    Welcome to The Turf Zone Podcast. One of New England Sports Field Management Association’s founding fathers, James “Jimmy” Connelly passed away peacefully on September 30, 2026. Born in 1943, Jimmy was a dedicated professional, respected industry leader, and cherished friend to many. His leadership, devotion to the profession, and indomitable spirit helped shape New England Sports Field Management Association and left a lasting mark on the sports field management community. Jimmy’s contributions to our industry were many, but it is the friendships he built and the lives he touched that will be remembered most. We extend our heartfelt condolences to Jim’s beloved wife, Karen, and the entire Connelly family. We are grateful for Jim’s many years of friendship and service. He will be missed greatly. Jimmy’s family has requested that memorial donations be made to Angel Flight NE which provides free angel flights and ground transportation so children and adults can access life-saving medical care. You have been listening to The Turf Zone Podcast. Follow The Turf Zone on X, Facebook and LinkedIn for all things turfgrass, featuring podcasts, magazines, events and more. The post In Memoriam: James H. Connelly appeared first on The Turf Zone.

  3. Oct 23

    Bosc’s Mille Graines: An Emerging Weed Challenge in North Carolina Turfgrass Systems

    Welcome to The Turf Zone Podcast. This episode covers Bosc’s Mille Graines – An Emerging Weed Challenge in North Carolina Turfgrass Systems. Written by Venkateswar Reddy Yelkur, Navdeep Godara, Ray McCauley – North Carolina State University. Bosc’s mille graines [Oldenlandia boscii (de Candolle) Chapman] is becoming an increasingly problematic broadleaf weed in turfgrass systems in North Carolina. Native to the southeastern United States, Bosc’s mille graines is a perennial species in the Rubiaceae family and is commonly found in moist or seasonally wet turfgrass areas, roadsides, and other disturbed habitats. It has a prostrate growth habit and can form dense, mat-like patches within the turfgrass canopy. Bosc’s mille graines can be identified by its linear to elliptic, opposite leaves; highly branched, smooth, green to reddish stems; and deep, woody taproot. The inflorescences have sepals that are visible from aboveground and produce four tiny, white petals from July through September before the plant enters dormancy during the winter months. Bosc’s mille graines can invade turfgrass rapidly because mature plants can produce more than 15 shoots, with each shoot producing multiple seed capsules containing more than 100 seeds per capsule. Consequently, weedy plants that escape control measures can contribute substantially to replenishing the soil seedbank for subsequent growing seasons. Once established, the deep taproot and prostrate growth habit allow Bosc’s mille graines to persist and regrow following routine mowing. These biological characteristics can aid in successful invasion of Bosc’s mille graines in sod production fields and lawns, where infestations can reduce turfgrass aesthetics, quality and sod marketability. Recently harvested sod fields and other disturbed areas may be particularly vulnerable because soil disturbance exposes previously buried weed seeds to light, creating favorable conditions for germination and establishment. In the past two years, several sod producers across North Carolina have reported increasing infestations of Bosc’s mille graines following sod harvest. Traditional programs utilizing a single application of synthetic auxin herbicides failed to provide acceptable control of Bosc’s mille graines in warm-season turfgrasses and led to weed seed-bank buildup following escapes. Although native to this region, Bosc’s mille graines is a relatively new weed in North Carolina turfgrass systems and its appearance can be confused with other weeds of the Rubiaceae family. Several other problematic Rubiaceae weeds common in turfgrass settings are Florida pusley, old world diamond-flower, poorjoe, and Virginia buttonweed. Among these species, Bosc’s mille graines can be easily confused with poorjoe because of their similar appearance. The two species can be distinguished by several characteristics. Bosc’s mille graines has smooth stems, whereas poorjoe has noticeable hairs on its stems and fruit. Bosc’s mille graines flower sepals are visible from above and located close to the petals, while poorjoe has smaller sepals that are positioned at the base of the flower. Misidentification can allow Bosc’s mille graines to establish, replenish the soil seedbank, and make future management efforts more challenging. Factors Affecting Weed Germination Bosc’s mille graines germination is dependent on soil temperature, soil moisture and light. Most seedlings emerge from seeds near the soil surface, where they are exposed to light. Weed germination is limited when seeds are buried more than 1 inch deep. Warm temperatures favor germination, with emergence occurring when day and night temperatures are above 77 and 50 degrees Fahrenheit, respectively, and increasing as temperatures rise. Soil moisture also plays an important role in germination. Bosc’s mille graines can germinate when soil moisture is greater than 20% of field capacity, suggesting that even relatively small amounts of rainfall or irrigation may provide enough moisture for germination. Understanding these temperature and moisture requirements may help turfgrass managers improve the timing of preemergence (PRE) herbicide applications. Based on historical weather patterns, late February may be an ideal time to apply PRE herbicides before conditions become favorable for Bosc’s mille graines germination. Rubiaceae weeds can be difficult-to-control in turfgrass systems because of limited preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) herbicide options. Effective weed control often requires multiple herbicide applications, increasing management costs. PRE Herbicides Bosc’s mille graines has the capacity to produce large quantities of seed, preventing new seedling establishment is critical for long-term management. Effective use of PRE herbicides can reduce weed establishment, limit the development of new infestations, and minimize replenishment of the soil seedbank. NC State University Turfgrass Weed Science Program conducted field studies to assess the efficacy of different PRE herbicide programs for Bosc’s mille graines control in bare ground conditions. Sequential applications of Coastal (active ingredients – simazine, prodiamine, imazaquin) at 32 fluid ounces per acre, Gallery (active ingredient – isoxaben) at 31 fluid ounces per acre, Pendulum AquaCap (active ingredient – pendimethalin) at 49 fluid ounces per acre, Pennant Magnum (active ingredient – S-metolachlor) at 41 fluid ounces per acre, Ronstar (active ingredient – oxadiazon) at 3 pounds of active ingredient per acre, Specticle Flo (active ingredient – indaziflam) at 6 fluid ounces per acre, and Tower (active ingredient – dimethenamid-P) at 32 fluid ounces per acre provided excellent control of Bosc’s mille graines (> 90% control) up to 12 weeks after treatment. These herbicide products can be used on established turfgrass; however, users should consult the product label for specific species and cultivar tolerance and application rate restrictions, particularly for oxadiazon-based products. Preemergence herbicides should be irrigated with 0.25 to 0.5 inches of water following application. In our research studies, sequential applications were made at 6-week interval with initial application during first week of March; however, users should consult the individual product label for the recommended re-application interval, sod harvest and establishment interval. Because these studies were conducted under bare ground conditions, herbicide efficacy may differ in established turfgrass due to greater microbial degradation and high organic matter content affecting herbicide availability. POST Herbicides Field trials were conducted to evaluate POST herbicide programs for Bosc’s mille graines control in ‘Empire’ zoysiagrass and ‘Sola’ St. Augustinegrass. Sequential applications (first application in June followed by another application in July) of Avenue South (active ingredients – 2,4-D, dicamba, penoxsulam, sulfentrazone) at 64 fluid ounces per acre, Sublime (active ingredient – dicamba, mesotrione, triclopyr) at 32 fluid ounces per acre, Trimec Classic (active ingredient – 2,4-D, dicamba, mcpp) at 64 fluid ounces per acre, a tank mixture of Trimec Classic at 32 fluid ounces per acre with Quicksilver (active ingredient – carfentrazone) at 2.1 fluid ounces per acre controlled Bosc’s mille graines 80% or greater. A single application was insufficient to provide season-long weed control, and sequential applications at 4-week interval were required. Herbicide applications should be avoided when turfgrass is under heat or drought stress, as these conditions can increase the risk of phytotoxicity. Sequential applications of Avenue South at 64 fluid ounces per acre, Trimec Classic at 64 fluid ounces per acre and Trimec Classic at 32 fluid ounces per acre tank-mixed with QuickSilver at 2.1 fluid ounces per acre can provide effective POST control of Bosc’s mille graines in established bermudagrass and zoysiagrass. In St. Augustinegrass, Avenue South at 64 fluid ounces per acre and Trimec Classic at 29 fluid ounces per acre tank-mixed with QuickSilver at 2.1 fluid ounces per acre can be used for POST control but will cause transient injury to turfgrass. Turfgrass will recover from transient herbicide injury by 8 weeks after application. Sublime herbicide can be used on zoysiagrass and St. Augustinegrass, when temporary turfgrass bleaching is acceptable for up to 8 weeks following application. Conclusions Successful management of Bosc’s mille graines begins with proper identification, early detection, and limiting the spread of the weed in turfgrass systems. New infestations should be removed or controlled before plants produce seed, thereby limiting further additions to the soil seedbank. Because this weed is currently more prevalent in some sod production fields, clean mowing and harvesting equipment before moving between fields to prevent the spread of weed seeds. When purchasing sod, sprigs, or other plant material, ensure that the material is free of Bosc’s mille graines. Practitioners should integrate PRE and POST herbicide programs when weed infestations are observed. PRE herbicides can reduce seedling establishment and should be considered as a preventive strategy in areas with a history of heavy infestation. PRE applications should be timed before weed germination period, as these herbicides will not control established weeds. Where feasible, rotating herbicides with different modes of action can help reduce the risk of herbicide resistance. When relying on POST herbicides to control established weed populations, sequential applications may be necessary to improve control and reduce the potential for weed escapes. You have been listening to The Turf Zone Podcast. Follow The Turf Zone on X, Facebook and LinkedIn for all things turfgrass, featuring podcasts, magazines, events and more. The pos

  4. Oct 21

    Basalt as an Alternative Topdressing Sand and Carbon Sequestration Strategy on Turfgrass Systems

    Welcome to The Turf Zone podcast. This episode covers basalt as an alternative topdressing sand and carbon sequestration strategy on turfgrass systems. Written by David Toscano and Qiyu Zhou. Mineral sands are essential to the construction and maintenance of golf courses, where they are used in putting green construction, bunkers, and topdressing. Topdressing sand is especially important to modern golf course agronomy because it helps create firm, fast putting surfaces. This sand is typically quartz-based and is extracted from terrestrial, fluvial, or coastal deposits. Because these deposits are finite, quartz sand is becoming increasingly scarce, particularly the medium to medium-coarse particle sizes that golf courses require. ands derived from calcium- and magnesium-rich silicate minerals, such as basalt and dunite, are a potential alternative. Basalt is a dark-colored igneous rock formed by the rapid cooling of lava at or near the Earth’s surface. It is among the most abundant rock types on Earth and is already used in construction, road bases, and railroad ballast because of its strength and durability. Finer fractions of crushed basalt (X, Facebook and LinkedIn for all things turfgrass, featuring podcasts, magazines, events and more. The post Basalt as an Alternative Topdressing Sand and Carbon Sequestration Strategy on Turfgrass Systems appeared first on The Turf Zone.

  5. Oct 19

    From the Fairway to the Lab: A Chat with Dr. David Lee

    Welcome to The Turf Zone podcast. This episode spotlights Turfgrass Council of North Carolina member Dr. David Lee. North Carolina turf managers know the drill by now: warm-season and cool-season grasses side by side, droughts one year and deep freezes the next, and this fall bringing its own challenges. Fescue lawns and warm-season golf turf alike took a beating from the drought, and irrigation systems simply couldn’t replace what natural rainfall provides. It reminds us that the conditions here are some of the most demanding in the country. Dr. David Lee has spent his career managing that unpredictability, and this spring he stepped into a new role as Director of Agronomy at Green Resource. His path runs through some of the state’s most respected turf programs: a PhD in Plant Pathology and Crop Science from NC State, two years as an Assistant Professor of Turfgrass Management at LSU, and more than a decade as Superintendent at Hope Valley Country Club before becoming Director of Golf Courses and Grounds at Forest Creek. Now, he’s bringing that research background and hands-on experience to a broader advisory role, supporting turf managers across the region. The “Roots” & Turf Management Philosophy Dr. Lee began working at Hope Valley in high school, which pulled him into the turf industry. Years later, when his mentor Bob Mashburn passed away, Dr. Lee was hired as his successor and went on to spend 13 years as Superintendent before moving to Forest Creek in 2019. He learned many lessons from those years. “Mother Nature is undefeated and expect the unexpected! Managing turfgrass in the Carolinas is one of the most difficult areas in the country. With warm and cool season grasses combined with droughts, hurricanes, deep freezes, and snowfalls every year is different and problems can be complex,” he explains. His time at LSU still shapes how he thinks, though maybe not in the way people expect. “I see myself thinking more as a superintendent,” he says. “Superintendents deal with so many real world problems that they often are the first observers of problems and begin to create management plans to solve them.” He credits NC State’s faculty with the systematic, long-term research that helps answer the questions superintendents raise in the field. That two-way relationship between the course and the classroom now defines his regional work. Visiting different properties has shown him just how resourceful this industry is: “It is amazing to me to observe how guys use different techniques to solve similar problems. Superintendents are some of the most efficient and creative people when it comes to problem solving and producing results.” The Science: Busting Myths & Best Practices Beyond the drought, Dr. Lee sees one area of turf science that’s overdue for more attention and that’s the soil microbiome. “There are a lot of products being sold on the market that claim to be beneficial. In theory, many of these products can be helpful,” he says, but he’s hoping research catches up soon so end users can act on solid evidence rather than marketing claims. A myth he’d love to retire is the appeal of the newest product on the shelf. “Nothing beats a basic, sound agronomic plan,” he says. “We can buy all the bells and whistles but if we don’t have a solid soil chemical plan and the basic fertility all the other stuff doesn’t matter.” Walking a course, the first thing he checks is the quality of cut on the mowers. Clean, sharp, well-adjusted equipment makes a measurable difference in both turf health and how a course presents. Looking Forward & the Lightning Round Dr. Lee sees his job now as a translation exercise. “I think understanding the research protocols and then taking practical solutions from the university to the end user,” he shares. “Sometimes what works in a laboratory or controlled environment will not be practical for the guys in the field. We all need to work together to adjust what works in the field so we can deliver effective solutions in the field.” Before we let him go, we put him through the lightning round. Favorite turfgrass variety? “Bermudagrass. It is forgiving! You can make a mistake and it usually will come back.” Mower blade sharpness philosophy? “It is critical for plant health and presentation.” Can a former superintendent play a round of golf without silently judging the turf? “NO!!” Thank you for sharing your story and insight with us, Dr. Lee! You have been listening to The Turf Zone Podcast. Follow The Turf Zone on X, Facebook and LinkedIn for all things turfgrass, featuring podcasts, magazines, events and more. The post From the Fairway to the Lab: A Chat with Dr. David Lee appeared first on The Turf Zone.

  6. Oct 16

    Evaluating effect of Fercristal Summum Nitro and 18-3-6 with UMAXX fertilizer on turf quality and nutrient efficiency in perennial ryegrass and bermudagrass

    Welcome to The Turf Zone podcast. This episode features the article “Evaluating effect of Fercristal Summum Nitro and 18-3-6 with UMAXX fertilizer on turf quality and nutrient efficiency in perennial ryegrass and bermudagrass” written by Xunzhong Zhang, Mike Goatley, Berit Smith, Taylor Motsinger, and Sydney Hook. Introduction and Objective Improvement of nutrient use efficiency, especially nitrogen, is an important issue in turfgrass management with respect to plant health, quality, economics and environmental protection. New technology has been used to develop fertilizers which may have high nutrient use efficiency when compared to traditional fertilizer such as ammonium nitrate. The objective was to evaluate effect of Fercristal Summum Nitro (FSN) and 18-3-6 with UMAXX for improving N uptake and turfgrass performance in comparison with ammonium nitrate in perennial ryegrass and bermudagrass turfgrasses. Materials and Methods Perennial ryegrass (cv. ‘Gray Hawk’) and bermudagrass (cv. ‘Latitude 36’) plugs (4″ diameter) were collected from field plots and transplanted into 6-inch pots filled with fine sand plus 10% calcined clay in early June 2025. The grasses were trimmed, irrigated, and fertilized regularly. After about 4- weeks of non-stressed growth with optimum temperature, water, fertilizer, and light, the pots were grown in a controlled environment growth chamber at optimum growing conditions. The three treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. These treatment solutions were uniformly applied to the canopy: 1). Control standard ammonium nitrate at 0.10 lb N/1000 ft²) 2). Fercristal Summum Nitro at 0.1 lb N/1000 ft²) 3). 18-3-6 with UMAXX at 0.10 lb N/1000 ft²) biweekly. All nitrogen in the 18-3-6 with UMAXX is stabilized with dicyanodiamide and N-(in-butyl)-thiophosphoric triamide and the product contains 0.1% iron. The FSN contains 20.5% nitrogen and 18 amino acids. The soluble sustainable nitrogen (SSN) technology was used to improve nitrogen use efficiency. P and K and micronutrients were applied to all pots as base nutrients to support normal growth. Additional P and K in forms of potassium chloride and triple phosphate for treatments #1 and 2 were used to match P and K input for treatment #3. All treatments received no additional N inputs, and non-N nutrient solution was applied biweekly. Turf quality, fresh clipping weight, photochemical efficiency, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf protein, leaf proline, and leaf nitrogen content were measured biweekly during the period of 56 days. Root growth characteristics including root biomass, length, surface area, diameter, and volume were measured at the end of the trial. The data were analyzed with an analysis of variance and mean separations were performed with a protected Fisher’s least significance difference at 5% probability level. Results and Discussion Turf quality Foliar applications of Fercristal Summum Nitro (FSN) and 18-3-6 with UMAXX (abbreviation: UMAXX) improved turf quality when compared to the control (ammonium nitrate, AN) as measured from day 14 (July 22) through Day 56 (Sept. 2) in bermudagrass and perennial ryegrass. On average, both SSN and UMAXX consistently increased turf quality ratings relative to the control. Leaf chlorophyll content Foliar applications of FSN and UMAXX increased leaf chlorophyll content when compared to the control (ammonium nitrate as measured at day 42 (August 19) and Day 56 (Sept. 2) in bermudagrass and at day 29 (August 5) in perennial ryegrass. On average, both SSN and UMAXX increased chlorophyll content relative to the control in bermudagrass and also SSN in perennial ryegrass. Photochemical efficiency Foliar applications of FSN improved leaf photochemical efficiency when compared to the control (ammonium nitrate) as measured from day 14 (July 22), day 28 (August 5), and day 56 (Sept. 2) in bermudagrass and day 42 and 56 in perennial ryegrass. In addition, UMAXX treatment improved photochemical efficiency relative to the control as measured at day 56. On average, both SSN and UMAXX consistently increased photochemical efficiency relative to the control. Clipping production Foliar applications of FSN and UMAXX increased clipping fresh weight when compared to the control (ammonium nitrate) as measured at day 42 and 56 in bermudagrass (except for UMAXX at day 56) and day 28, 42 and 56 in perennial ryegrass. On average, both FSN and UMAXX consistently increased clipping production relative to the control. Leaf protein, N content, and estimated N use efficiency (NUE) Foliar applications of FSN and UMAXX increased leaf protein and N content when compared to the control (ammonium nitrate) as measured at day 42 and 56 in bermudagrass, and day 28, 42 and 56 in perennial ryegrass. On average, both FSN and UMAXX increased leaf protein and N content in the two turfgrass species. Based on total N input and total leaf N uptake, the NUE was estimated. The FSN and UMAXX increased the N use efficiency by 12.7% and 12.9%, respectively, in bermudagrass, and 19.5% and 8.3% in perennial ryegrass, when compared to ammonium nitrate. Leaf amino acid proline content Foliar applications of FSN and UMAXX increased leaf proline content when compared to the control (ammonium nitrate) as measured from day 14 (July 22) through day 56 (September 2) in bermudagrass (except for UMAXX at day 14) and perennial ryegrass (except for SSN at day 14). On average, both SSN and UMAXX consistently increased leaf proline content in all three turfgrass species. Root growth characteristics and viability Foliar applications of FSN and UMAXX increased root biomass, length, surface area, and volume when compared to the control (ammonium nitrate) in the two turfgrass species. In addition, FSN treatment improved root viability relative to the control in bermudagrass and UMAXX improved root viability relative to the control in perennial ryegrass. Summary. Foliar applications of Fercristal Summum Nitro (FSN) and 18-5-6 with UMAXX improved turf visual quality, physiological fitness, leaf protein and N content, amino acid proline content, and root growth when compared to the control (ammonium nitrate) in bermudagrass and perennial ryegras under normal growth conditions. No consistent differences in the measured parameters were found between Fercristal Summum Nitro and 18-3-6 with UMAXX. You have been listening to The Turf Zone Podcast. Follow The Turf Zone on X, Facebook and LinkedIn for all things turfgrass, featuring podcasts, magazines, events and more. The post Evaluating effect of Fercristal Summum Nitro and 18-3-6 with UMAXX fertilizer on turf quality and nutrient efficiency in perennial ryegrass and bermudagrass appeared first on The Turf Zone.

  7. Oct 14

    Large Patch or Brown Patch? Timing Matters!

    Welcome to The Turf Zone podcast. This episode covers how timing matters in correctly identifying large patch and brown patch. Written by Nar B. Ranabhat, Assistant Professor and Extension Plant Pathologist, University of Tennessee. Large patch and brown patch can look similar, but they require different management strategies especially when it comes to fungicide application timing. Correctly identifying the disease, scouting at the right time, and applying fungicides when needed can help improve the turfgrass health. Disease Large patch and brown patch are fungal diseases caused by different strains of Rhizoctonia solani. Large patch mainly affects warm-season grasses including zoysiagrass, bermudagrass, centipedegrass, and St. Augustinegrass. Activity of this R. solani strain is most active during cool and wet weather in fall and spring, when temperatures range from 50°F to 70°F. Brown patch primarily affects cool season turfgrass, especially tall fescue. This is the most damaging pathogen of tall fescue throughout Tennessee particularly in middle and east Tennessee. Activity of this R. solani strain is most common during warm, humid weather, when temperatures range from 70°F to 90°F. Scouting Time Start scouting for large patch in the fall during when soil temperatures approach near 70°F. Watch for brown patch from late spring through summer, especially during hot and humid weather. Since both diseases often return to the same spots, keep a close eye on areas that have had problems before. Fungicide Application Timing Timing is critical for effective disease management. For large patch, apply preventive fungicides in the fall before turfgrass goes dormant, rather than waiting until large patches are visible. For brown patch, consider fungicide applications before or as warm, humid summer conditions begin, especially in areas with a history of disease. The goal is to protect healthy turf before the disease becomes severe, not simply to treat visible symptoms after they appear. Can Nitrogen Management Affect Large patch and Brown patch development? Fungicides are an important tool for managing severe turf disease outbreaks, but they are only one part of an effective disease management program. What happens day to day on the turf field can have just as much impact, and nitrogen management is an important part of those practices. Applying too much nitrogen during periods when turfgrass is most vulnerable can increase the risk and severity of large and brown patches. For warm season turfgrass, avoid excess nitrogen applications in late fall and early spring, when large patch risk is highest. For cool season turfgrass, avoid excess nitrogen application during hot, humid summer, when brown patch risk is highest. The goal is not to avoid nitrogen, but to apply the right amount at the right time. A well balanced nitrogen program can help reduce the conditions that favor disease development. What Else Should I Do Besides Spraying? Other cultural practices also help reduce disease pressure and keep turf healthy. Improve drainage and air circulation when possible. Reduce the prolonged leaf wetness. Water carefully and avoid unnecessary nighttime irrigation. Manage thatch and avoid practices that place extra stress on the turf. Scout regularly and use past disease problems to guide management decisions. Key Takeaways For Tennessee turfgrass professionals, the main difference in managing Large Patch and Brown Patch is timing for scouting and management actions: Large patch affects warm-season turf and is best managed with fall scouting and preventive treatments. Brown patch affects cool-season turf and requires scouting and preventive treatment during the summer. Accurate diagnosis, timely application, and good cultural practices can improve disease control and help make fungicide use more targeted and effective. For more information about the disease and lists of fungicide products, see the Extension publication: “Large Path vs. Brown Patch in Turfgrass: How to tell the Difference” by Nar B. Ranabhat and Becky Bowling. You have been listening to The Turf Zone Podcast. Follow The Turf Zone on X, Facebook and LinkedIn for all things turfgrass, featuring podcasts, magazines, events and more. The post Large Patch or Brown Patch? Timing Matters! appeared first on The Turf Zone.

  8. Oct 12

    Strength from the Ground Up: Measuring Sod Strength to Advance Turfgrass Research at Penn State

    Welcome to The Turf Zone Podcast. This episode covers measuring sod strength to advance turfgrass research at Penn State. Written by Ava Veith, Zineb Alouani, Chase Straw and David Huff – Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University. Why Sod Strength Matters Long-term turfgrass stability is not controlled by a single factor, but rather by the interaction of turfgrass species, cultivar genetics, rootzone properties, and management practices. Turfgrass failure often becomes visible when the surface can no longer resist shear forces, whether during an athlete’s planting and pivoting movement, excessive divoting from golf play, or sod breaking apart during harvest and handling. In research plots, these weaknesses may appear as inconsistent performance from one area to another. Across athletic fields, golf courses, lawns, and sod farms alike, structural weakness limits turfgrass performance. At the center of these issues is sod strength. Sod strength refers to the resistance of the turfgrass–rootzone system to tearing or shearing forces. It reflects how effectively roots and other plant structures reinforce the turfgrass-root system. In other words, sod strength represents the physical integrity created by the interaction between turfgrass biology and the soil beneath it. Traditionally, turfgrass performance has been evaluated visually through percent cover, color, density, and recovery after wear. While those indicators are important, they do not directly measure structural stability. A surface may appear dense yet still lack strong structural integrity. Likewise, it may recover quickly but remain vulnerable to tearing under load. By directly quantifying structural integrity, objective measurements of sod strength allow turfgrass professionals to better connect turfgrass genetics, growth habits, and management practices with real-world durability. Expanding Turfgrass Research with Penn State’s New Sod Strength Tester With support from the Pennsylvania Turfgrass Council (PTC) Board of Directors, Penn State recently acquired a sod strength tester to expand its turfgrass research capacity. This equipment allows us to apply a controlled pulling force to turfgrass sod and directly measure the resistance of the turfgrass-rootzone system before tearing or shearing occurs. Unlike visual ratings or indirect indicators of performance, the sod strength tester generates objective and repeatable measurements of turfgrass structural integrity. It quantifies how effectively the turfgrass-rootzone system resists separation under load and how the turfgrass canopy holds together under stress. These measurements help translate turfgrass biology into measurable performance data. With this tool, Penn State can now evaluate structural stability across a range of systems, including athletic fields, golf courses, lawns, and sod production. Ultimately, PTC’s investment strengthens our ability to evaluate how turfgrass species, cultivar genetics, and management practices influence measurable durability in real-world turfgrass systems. Using the Sod Strength Tester in Turfgrass Research Several factors influence sod strength. Turfgrass species differ in growth habit and lateral spread, while cultivar genetics affect stolon and rhizome production, tillering capacity, and root mass. Rootzone composition influences the structural integrity of the turfgrass-rootzone system and moisture dynamics, and management practices such as fertility, irrigation, mowing height, traffic intensity, and cultivation further shape how the turfgrass system develops and responds to stress. By measuring sod strength, researchers can evaluate how these interacting factors influence structural performance under real-world conditions. At Penn State, the sod strength tester will be incorporated into multiple research initiatives led by faculty within the Department of Plant Science, including Dr. Chase Straw and Dr. David Huff. Across both cool- and warm-season turfgrass systems, this tool adds an objective measure of structural durability to traditional performance evaluations. By quantifying differences in resistance to tearing, it provides insight into structural integrity that may not be apparent through visual ratings alone. While cultivar evaluation is one important application, it represents only part of the sod strength tester’s broader research potential. Beyond cultivar trials, the equipment can be used to compare management strategies and evaluate long-term turfgrass performance under traffic. For turfgrass managers, these measurements connect directly to outcomes that matter, including reduced divoting, improved surface stability, and better recovery following repeated stress. By integrating sod strength into our research programs, we can provide clearer guidance on how species selection, cultivar choice, and management decisions influence real-world durability. The following sections highlight two graduate research projects that demonstrate how the sod strength tester is being used to address practical challenges facing turfgrass managers. Evaluating Kentucky Bluegrass Cultivar Mixtures for Athletic Field Durability One of the first research applications of the sod strength tester will be within doctoral research conducted by Ava Veith, a Ph.D. student in Penn State’s Department of Plant Science under the advisement of Dr. Chase Straw. Her research focuses on athletic fields and how surface characteristics influence performance. Using the sod strength tester, she will compare Kentucky bluegrass cultivar mixtures to quantify differences in sod strength, recognizing that greater structural integrity and resistance to tearing are highly desirable for high-traffic athletic fields. Kentucky bluegrass remains a foundational species for many cool-season athletic fields due to its rhizomatous growth habit, strong recuperative potential, and ability to form a dense, uniform playing surface. Its capacity to spread laterally through rhizomes allows damaged areas to recover following traffic. However, not all Kentucky bluegrass cultivars express the same level of rhizome production or structural strength. Differences in rooting density, rhizome aggressiveness, and canopy structure can influence how well a surface resists divoting and tearing during athletic play. This study centers on a new Kentucky bluegrass cultivar developed by Dr. David Huff that is believed to exhibit more aggressive rhizome production. The experimental cultivar will be incorporated into mixtures at varying percentages alongside commercially available Kentucky bluegrass cultivars that are already widely used on athletic fields. By adjusting the proportion of the new cultivar within each mixture, the research aims to determine whether increasing the proportion of rhizome-aggressive genetics translates into measurable gains in sod strength. For athletic fields, increasing sod strength is particularly desirable. Fields subjected to repeated cleat traffic must resist shear forces generated during cutting, pivoting, and acceleration. Greater sod strength can reduce divoting, improve surface stability, and help maintain more consistent footing across high-use areas. Even small improvements in structural integrity may influence how a field performs over the course of a season. Ultimately, this research will provide sports field managers with clearer guidance on selecting Kentucky bluegrass cultivar mixtures that maximize durability under high-traffic conditions. Evaluating Cold-Tolerant Bermudagrass Cultivars for Structural Performance In addition to cool-season turfgrass research, the sod strength tester will also support graduate research led by Zineb Alouani, a master’s student in Penn State’s Department of Plant Science under the supervision of Dr. Chase Straw. Her research focuses on evaluating cold-tolerant bermudagrass cultivars for potential use in the transition zone and northern environments. Bermudagrass is widely used on athletic fields and golf courses in warmer climates due to its aggressive growth habit, excellent traffic tolerance, and ability to recover quickly from wear. However, cultivar performance can vary significantly, particularly when bermudagrass is grown outside of its traditional adaptation range. Cold tolerance, winter survival, and structural durability are key traits that influence whether a cultivar can perform reliably in cooler regions. As part of this research, experimental cold-tolerant bermudagrass cultivars developed by Dr. Yanqi Wu at Oklahoma State University will first be established and propagated in greenhouse conditions before being transplanted into field research plots. Once established, the sod strength tester will be used to quantify differences in sod strength and structural integrity among cultivars. By measuring how strongly the turfgrass-rootzone system resists tearing forces, the equipment provides an objective way to evaluate structural performance beyond traditional visual ratings. Integrating sod strength measurements into bermudagrass evaluation will help researchers better understand how differences in growth habit, rooting characteristics, rhizome development, and lateral spread influence turfgrass durability. Ultimately, this work will contribute to identifying cultivars that combine cold tolerance with the structural resilience required for high-traffic turfgrass systems in the transition zone and beyond. Why This Matters for Pennsylvania Turfgrass Managers For Pennsylvania turfgrass managers, this work aims to provide clearer, data-driven guidance. By incorporating sod strength measurements into ongoing research, Penn State can generate information that supports more confident decisions related to turfgrass species and cultivar selection. Rather than relying solely on appearance-based evaluations, managers will have access to objective performance data developed under Pennsylvan

  9. Oct 9

    Trinity Turf Begins New Chapter at Valley Fertilizer Location in Mt. Jackson

    Welcome to The Turf Zone podcast. Trinity Turf, Inc. is proud to announce the opening of its newest wholesale distribution location in Mt. Jackson, Virginia, at the longtime home of Valley Fertilizer. For nearly 100 years, Valley Fertilizer served farmers, landscapers, businesses, and retailers throughout the Shenandoah Valley and surrounding region with quality products, knowledgeable service, and lasting customer relationships. While Valley Fertilizer has closed its doors, Trinity Turf is honored to continue serving the community from this historic location. Founded in 2004, Trinity Turf has grown into a trusted wholesale supplier of fertilizer, grass seed, agricultural seed, erosion control products, ice melter, and plant protection products throughout Virginia and the surrounding region. The company views this transition as an opportunity to build upon the legacy established by Valley Fertilizer while remaining committed to exceptional service and dependable products. “No one can replace what Valley Fertilizer meant to this community,” said Kurt Fellenstein, President of Trinity Turf, Inc. “Our goal isn’t to fill those shoes, but to honor that legacy by earning the trust of customers through the same values of integrity, service, and strong relationships.” As part of that commitment, Trinity Turf is pleased to announce that longtime Valley Fertilizer employees Tracy Meadows and Jason Burkett have joined the company as Customer Service Specialists. “Tracy and Jason have been a trusted resource for customers for many years,” Fellenstein said. “Their experience, product knowledge, and dedication make them an invaluable part of our team, and we’re excited they will continue serving the customers who have relied on them for so long.” From its Mt. Jackson location, Trinity Turf will offer a full line of wholesale fertilizer, turf and agricultural seed, erosion control products, ice melting products, and plant protection solutions while maintaining the responsive, personalized service customers have come to expect. “We’re grateful for the opportunity to serve this community,” Fellenstein added. “We look forward to building on the strong foundation that Valley Fertilizer created and earning our place as a trusted partner for years to come.” Trinity Turf, Inc. is a wholesale distributor serving agricultural, turf, landscape, and erosion control professionals throughout the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast region. You have been listening to The Turf Zone Podcast. Follow The Turf Zone on X, Facebook and LinkedIn for all things turfgrass, featuring podcasts, magazines, events and more. The post Trinity Turf Begins New Chapter at Valley Fertilizer Location in Mt. Jackson appeared first on The Turf Zone.

  10. Oct 7

    NE-SFMA Member Spotlight on James Lappetito

    Welcome to The Turf Zone podcast. This episode spotlights New England Sports Field Management Association member James Lappetito – Head Sports Turf Manager at Pratt and Whitney Stadium at Rentschler Field in East Hartford, Connecticut. Read from New England Blade magazine. How did you get your start in the sports field industry? I went to Michigan State University for a BS in crop and soil science specializing in Turfgrass management. While in school I did an Internship with the Colorado Rapids MLS team. This was a 25-field mostly soccer facility. Including two synthetic fields, one sand-based practice field and the main stadium field. Where did you go from there? Denver Broncos Training facility (CO) – two natural grass field and one 70 yard plastic field: Game Day Inc (VA) – Mostly field construction and sprigging but managed our George Mason University account caring for all athletic fields; Dominion Valley CC (VA) – Two 18 hole courses; Maryland Soccerplex (MD) – 24 field soccer complex with cool season warm season and plastic fields; PPL Park (PA) – One high end stadium field; Pratt and Whitney Stadium(CT) – One High end stadium field and 110 acres of property. Who were your mentors when you were first starting out in the industry, and why? Bret Baird (Dicks Sporting Goods Park) – He was my first boss/trainer in the industry. Great teacher. He was my main driver early on to continue down the sport turf path and assisted in my employment with the Broncos. Jerad Minnick (Maryland Soccer Plex) – One of the most innovative turf minds I’ve ever met. He’s always pushed me to be the best turf manager I can be. Amazing teacher and friend. Has been one of my closest turf peers over the years. What’s the best business advice you’ve ever received? Sometimes the best but hardest thing you can do for turf is nothing. You need to let the plant just do what it does and grow. Once you have your plan in place you need to give time for the turf to react before you know if it’s working. Consistency is key. What is the next “game-changer” you see on the horizon for the sports turf industry? Testing improvements. The better we get at quality and useful data collection, the better we can do our jobs. I love data! Takes away the guessing when needing to make decisions. Robotics will also become more involved in our lives, but they aren’t quite ready for the high-end fields yet. What’s your favorite/most useful: Equipment? Anything related to surface hygiene, Sweepers, Turf rakes, Verticutters, Aerifiers, Spring Tine harrows Product? Any product that helps manage Organic Matter and water movement Technology? SGL Pods or any tool that helps monitor soil conditions What advice would you share with people starting out in sports field management today? When starting out, prioritize experience over status. Some of the best jobs experience I got early on were at places with small crews and budgets. Can you share a bit about your family life and/or what you enjoy doing in your free time? Kristin and I have been married since 2017. We have one daughter and two cats (currently dogless but that never lasts with us). We are both avid gardeners and scuba divers. I use my plant and soil science skills to push our extensive garden to new levels. I absolutely love cave diving, but any time spent underwater blowing bubbles brings me peace. Turf is my profession, Surf is my passion! Is there anything else you’d like to share with your fellow NE-SFMA members? Sports turf management is fun and rewarding, don’t forget that when you’re in the grind. You have been listening to The Turf Zone Podcast. Follow The Turf Zone on X, Facebook and LinkedIn for all things turfgrass, featuring podcasts, magazines, events and more. The post NE-SFMA Member Spotlight on James Lappetito appeared first on The Turf Zone.

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