If income-driven repayment flexibility matters to you, don't wait until summer 2026. Any federal loans disbursed on or after July 1, 2026, lose access to IBR, ICR, and PAYE. Because consolidation can take months to process, treat April 1, 2026 as your planning deadline. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS What is changing with income-driven repayment? The One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA), signed July 4, 2025, restructures federal student loan repayment starting July 1, 2026. Loans disbursed on or after that date are limited to a new Standard Repayment Plan or the Repayment Assistance Plan (RAP). Legacy plans — IBR, ICR, and PAYE — will not be available for those loans. Are IBR, ICR, and PAYE going away entirely? Not immediately. Borrowers with loans disbursed before July 1, 2026, who take on no new loans after that date, can still enroll in or remain on IBR, ICR, or PAYE. That said, per NASFAA's bill analysis, borrowers on ICR or PAYE must move to IBR, a standard plan, or RAP by July 1, 2028 — otherwise they are automatically placed in RAP. IBR remains available for existing borrowers on an ongoing basis. Why does consolidation matter? Borrowers with FFEL loans, Perkins loans, or mixed federal portfolios often must consolidate into a Direct Consolidation Loan to access income-driven repayment at all. Under the OBBBA, that loan must be disbursed — not just applied for — by June 30, 2026. A consolidation disbursed on or after July 1, 2026 loses access to IBR, ICR, and PAYE, even for borrowers previously enrolled in those plans. Parent PLUS borrowers have an additional requirement: a consolidation loan used to pay off a Parent PLUS loan must enter repayment under ICR before July 1, 2026 to preserve later IBR eligibility. Why April 1? April 1 is not in the law — it's a practical safety deadline. Federal Student Aid encourages borrowers who need to consolidate to apply at least three months before July 1, 2026 to ensure disbursement clears by June 30. Three months back from July 1 is April 1. What counts as "disbursed"? Disbursement means the consolidation loan has been fully processed, the underlying loans paid off, and a new Direct Consolidation Loan officially issued. Submitting an application or receiving approval does not count if the actual disbursement occurs on or after July 1, 2026. Should everyone consolidate before April 1? No — consolidation is not automatically the right move. Consider the impact on interest capitalization, existing borrower benefits, and forgiveness timelines before acting. The goal isn't "everyone consolidate." It's everyone check. Log in to StudentAid.gov, review your loan types, and determine whether action is needed before the window closes. REFERENCES NASFAA (2026, January). Federal student aid changes from the One Big Beautiful Bill Act. https://www.nasfaa.org/uploads/documents/Federal_Student_Aid_Change_OB3.pdf U.S. Department of Education, Federal Student Aid. Big updates: Changes to federal student loan repayment. https://studentaid.gov/announcements-events/big-updates U.S. Congress (2025). H.R. 1 — One Big Beautiful Bill Act (119th Congress). https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1/text
