Think It Through: the Clearer Thinking Podcast

April Hebert
  • 5.0 (2)
  • SOCIETY & CULTURE

I know...thinking is hard. But here we go anyway...

  1. 6D AGO

    Episode 45: Misconceptions--"Factoids" That Aren't Really Facts

    Send us Fan Mail In this episode, April debunks some common misconceptions and discusses why they are so "sticky" in our brains. Episode 45 Show Notes Definition of "factoid"--https://www.oed.com/dictionary/factoid_n?tab=meaning_and_use#4942990 Drs Carroll and Vreeman's great book debunking lots of health myths: https://www.amazon.com/Dont-Cross-Your-Theyll-Stuck/dp/0312681879 AOA's article discussing strabismus (crossed eyes): https://www.aoa.org/healthy-eyes/eye-and-vision-conditions/strabismus Great article debunking several misconceptions your parents probably believed were true: https://www.uchealth.org/today/10-myths-you-may-have-heard-from-your-parents/ The five-second rule, explained: https://www.sciencefriday.com/articles/the-origin-of-the-five-second-rule/ The Cleveland Clinic's article setting the record straight about body heat loss: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/body-heat-loss The truth about chastity belts: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/medieval-chastity-belts-are-myth-180956341/ Why you should be more afraid of your tray table making you sick than the air on an airplane: https://www.aarp.org/travel/travel-tips/safety/avoid-airplane-germs/#:~:text=%7C%20An%20airplane%20offers%20the%20perfect,soggy%20tissues%20and%20dirty%20diapers What "vomitorium" really means: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/purging-the-myth-of-the-vomitorium/ An in depth-discussion of the term "Xmas:" https://eu.news-journalonline.com/story/news/2023/12/06/xmas-vs-christmas-why-offensive-origins-history-greek-chi-means-christ/71810050007/ https://www.yourdictionary.com/articles/xmas-origin An extremely deep dive into the psychology behind misconceptions: https://philpapers.org/rec/DELIMA-3

    21 min

  2. JAN 12

    Episode 44--Misinformation, Disinformation, Bots, and Trolls

    Send a text While it's always been the case that "A lie can travel halfway around the world while the truth is still putting its boots on," it's exponentially more true since the rise of the internet, particularly social media. In this episode, April looks at how and why misinformation and disinformation (which are not the same thing, btw) travel so quickly around our media landscape and affect the way we view the world. Episode 44 Show Notes (I have so many sources I can't put descriptions on them because I would go over the character limit, but they're generally in the order they are found in the episode): https://theonion.com/planned-parenthood-opens-8-billion-abortionplex-1819572640/  https://www.freedomforum.org/misinformation-vs-disinformation/#:~:text=Misinformation%20is%20false%20information%20disseminated,intentional%2C%20whereas%20misinformation%20is%20unintentional. https://www.justice.gov/usao-dc/pr/north-carolina-man-sentenced-four-year-prison-term-armed-assault-northwest-washington https://campaignlegal.org/results-lawsuits-regarding-2020-elections https://www.politico.com/news/2025/10/14/alex-jones-sandy-hook-settlement-supreme-court-appeal-00607361 https://shorensteincenter.org/research-initiative/the-hks-misinformation-review/ https://news.mit.edu/2018/study-twitter-false-news-travels-faster-true-stories-0308 https://som.yale.edu/story/2023/reimagining-social-media-news-sharing-research-finds-users-habits-key-safer-and-more#:~:text=One%20important%20aspect%20that%20contributes,professor%20of%20psychology%20and%20business. https://www.imperva.com/resources/resource-library/reports/2024-bad-bot-report/ https://www.clrn.org/how-much-of-the-internet-is-ai-generated/ https://theconversation.com/how-ai-bots-spread-misinformation-online-and-undermine-democratic-politics-234915 https://www.heinz.cmu.edu/media/2018/October/troll-farms-and-fake-news-social-media-weaponization#:~:text=Russian%20%E2%80%9Ctroll%20farms%E2%80%9D%E2%80%94groups,%E2%80%94literally%E2%80%94divide%20and%20conquer. https://mediabiasfactcheck.com/

    23 min

  3. 09/18/2025

    Episode 43: Agnotology--the Study of Ignorance and Manufactured Doubt

    Send a text In this episode, April explains that ignorance and stupidity are not the same thing. But when doubt is deliberately created as a strategic ploy by powerful entities, the ignorance that results can be not only stupid, but dangerous. Episode 43 Show Notes Definition of "epistomology:" https://www.britannica.com/topic/epistemology Good explanation of agnotology by Dr Mark Crislip: https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/agnotology-the-study-of-ignorance/ Dr Robert Proctor on Alie Ward: https://www.alieward.com/ologies/agnotology The post-truth world: https://theconversation.com/scientists-have-a-word-for-studying-the-post-truth-world-agnotology-71542 Medium article https://medium.com/@porlando_84392/agnotology-the-study-of-ignorance-351ba8ae432d Find out about, and buy, Merchants of Doubt here: https://www.merchantsofdoubt.org/ Great article on "the science of spin:  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7996119/  Michael Facciani's website: https://www.matthewfacciani.com/ Agnotology explains why social media platforms don’t investigate the negative impacts of their messaging: https://www.cigionline.org/articles/social-media-platforms-and-upside-ignorance/ Changes to social media sites involving previously banned content: https://www.socialmediatoday.com/news/everything-to-know-about-meta-political-content-update/737123/ Yes, scientists do agree on climate change: https://science.nasa.gov/climate-change/faq/do-scientists-agree-on-climate-change/ Jake Scott's Senate testimony: https://www.hsgac.senate.gov/wp-content/uploads/Scott-Testimony.pdf Here are a few good sources I didn't have time to discuss: How scientists deal with what they don’t know https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/evan.21303?msockid=1e22d990d6c764bc2523cc64d77d65db How agnotology might work to fight disinformation https://www.wired.com/story/agnotology-misinformation-opinion/ Agnotology and political rhetoric https://www.aaronhuertas.com/invisible-messaging-the-power-of-agnotology-in-political-rhetoric/

    24 min

  4. 08/07/2025

    Episode 42: Why We Are So Good At Fooling Ourselves--Understanding Motivated Reasoning

    Send a text In this episode, April explains how this biased form of reasoning keeps our identities and emotions safe from the harsh glare of reality. Using justifications to support what we really want to be true lies at the heart of motivated reasoning, so the next time you eat a whole sleeve of Ritz crackers and wash it down with chardonnay, remind yourself that you exercised that morning, so it's ok.* *note--when she says you, she means herself... Episode 42 Show Notes: The News Literacy Project article on motivated reasoning: https://newslit.org/educators/resources/in-brief-confirmation-bias-motivated-reasoning/ Science Direct is a scientific, health, and technical literature database containing millions of peer-reviewed articles on a wide variety of topics: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/psychology/motivated-reasoning https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S026137941400105X Mental Health Matters is a website devoted to mental health conditions and disorders: https://mental-health-matters.org/2024/12/12/an-overview-of-motivated-reasoning/ Matt Grawitch's substack page, The Eel-Filled Hovercraft, is full of great information about psychology and decision-making: https://mattgrawitch.substack.com/ Information about climate change beliefs: https://epic.uchicago.edu/insights/2024-poll-americans-views-on-climate-change-and-policy-in-12-charts/ Excellent article about the link between conspiracy theories and motivated reasoning: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ajps.12234?msockid=1e22d990d6c764bc2523cc64d77d65db Nobel prize winner Gordon Pennycock talks about why conspiracy theorists think that their beliefs are widespread: https://arstechnica.com/science/2025/07/conspiracy-theorists-think-their-views-are-mainstream/ This Psychology Today article, also by Matt Grawitch, discusses the problems that can occur when goals and values collide: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/hovercraft-full-eels/202106/the-collision-among-goals-and-accuracy Ivan Jureta's article about avoiding motivated reasoning when making corporate decisions: https://ivanjureta.com/motivated-reasoning-how-to-detect-and-mitigate-its-risks/ This vs That's article on critical thinking vs reflective thinking: https://thisvsthat.io/critical-thinking-vs-reflective-thinking YouGov article about popular conspiracy theories and the numbers of Americans who believe them: https://today.yougov.com/politics/articles/48113-which-conspiracy-theories-do-americans-believe

    24 min

  5. 06/13/2025

    Episode 41: Fallacy Watch: No True Scotsman, Argument from Repetition, and "I'm Entitled to My Opinion"

    Send a text April confesses to being a "big ol' nerd" while discussing three sneaky fallacies that sidestep evidence and shut down discourse. Episode 41 Show Notes: It's a study guide about the No True Scotsman fallacy! Hey, they're good for adults too: https://studylatam.com/no-true-scotsman-fallacy-in-philosophy/ Another good article about No True Scotsman: https://practicalpie.com/no-true-scotsman/ Rational Wiki is always a good go-to for fallacies: https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/No_True_Scotsman What's cognitive ease? Here you go: learning-mind.com/cognitive-ease/ Great article on the illusory truth effect: https://thedecisionlab.com/biases/illusory-truth-effect Patrick Stokes' article in The Conversation on why he's so tough on his philosophy students: https://theconversation.com/no-youre-not-entitled-to-your-opinion-9978 Stephen Rainey's blog that discusses the concept of our "entitlement" to opinions: https://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/2019/03/entitlement/ *I have begun using ChatGPT to organize and outline my episodes--it does a great job clarifying my ideas. I still do the writing, though, so I can't say it saves a lot of time!

    18 min

  6. 05/21/2025

    Episode 40: Why Good Data is Essential for Good Thinking (And What Happens When It's Taken Away)

    Send a text In this episode, April talks about why good data (current, accurate, and trustworthy) is so important to good thinking. She is perturbed about the current administration's deliberate attempts to delete, change, or hide critical government data. However, she is also hopeful that the many efforts to protect and preserve this data will be successful. Episode 40 Show Notes--just citations because my explanations took up too much data...  https://www.getrightdata.com/blog/why-quality-matters-the-10-biggest-data-quality-disasters https://www.smorescience.com/data-driven-life-how-information-shapes-our-daily-decisionsexamples-of-data-in-everyday-life/  https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/airline-news/2025/05/06/newark-airport-radio-radar-failures/83471323007/  https://abcnews.go.com/Health/white-house-covid-web-page-page-supporting-lab/story?id=120956514  https://insideclimatenews.org/news/31012025/trump-administration-war-on-science/ https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/climate-change-transparency-project-foia/2025-02-06/disappearing-data-trump?utm_source=chatgpt.com  https://www.rheumatologyadvisor.com/news/key-cdc-health-websites-vanish-following-trump-orders/?utm_source=chatgpt.com https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/public-health/removal-pages-cdc-website-brings-confusion-dismay?utm_source=chatgpt.com https://www.npr.org/sections/shots-health-news/2025/02/06/nx-s1-5288113/cdc-website-health-data-trump https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/mar/20/trump-missing-murdered-indigenous-peoples-report-removed?utm_source=chatgpt.com https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-lede/the-data-hoarders-resisting-trumps-purge https://libguides.umn.edu/c.php?g=1449575&p=10778647 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Government_watchdog_groups_in_the_United_States https://journalistsresource.org/home/researchers-rush-to-preserve-federal-health-databases-before-they-disappear-from-government-websites/

    24 min

  7. 03/20/2025

    Episode 39: Understanding and Countering Propaganda

    Send a text In this episode, April attempts to unpack the complicated topic of propaganda, a form of persuasion used by corporations, advertisers, pundits, influencers, and political personalities. These days, it's important for critical thinkers to understand that there should be a delineation between propaganda and the kind of rhetoric used in democratic governance, to recognize propaganda and to avoid being influenced by it. If this sounds important--well, it is. Episode 39 Show Notes https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/propaganda--this references the origins of the word propaganda and its original link to religious proselytizing https://www.thoughtco.com/propaganda-definition-1691544--Dr. Richard Nordquist's excellent ThoughtCo article about the difference between rhetoric and propaganda https://researchguides.uoregon.edu/medialiteracy/propaganda --University of Oregon's Media Literary Research guide's deep dive into propaganda has some great information about how to determine if something is propaganda https://researchguides.uoregon.edu/medialiteracy/propaganda --the Naab Research Center gives examples of positive uses of propaganda Emotional Campaigning in Politics: Being Moved and Anger …--a pdf of Gruning and Schubert's article about the use of emotion in political campaigns https://www.yourdictionary.com/articles/glittering-generalities--YourDictionary.com has a great article with examples of glittering generalities https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Loaded_language--the list of "snarl" words is at the bottom of this wiki page devoted to loaded language https://www.allsides.com/sites/default/files/AllSidesMediaBiasChart-Version2.jpg--an updated version of the AllSides Media Bias chart https://mediabiasfactcheck.com/--a great source for checking the bias of any news source, as well as whether it has failed any fact checks https://disinformation-nation.org/combat-propaganda/--great article about ways to combat propaganda https://www.shortform.com/summary/thinking-fast-and-slow-summary-daniel-kahneman?utm_source=bing&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=531475976&msclkid=704335b2e9371134f6f7526e8cdafb8c--a long web address leading to a short summary of Daniel Kahneman's book Thinking Fast and Slow https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/think-act-be/202003/can-you-be-abundantly-cautious-and-fearless--while this article was written about the Covid pandemic, the ideas in it still resonate https://www.neuroandcounselingcenter.com/single-post/informed-protect-peace--good ideas from certified mental health counselor Amanda Levison, about how to keep your cool and not get overwhelmed with

    23 min

  8. 02/24/2025

    Episode 38: Fallacy Watch--A Few Relevance Fallacies

    Send a text In this episode April explains some very common relevance fallacies--Straw Man, Begging the Question, and Two Wrongs Make a Right. Let's all try not to commit these fallacies, okay? Episode 38 Show Notes: https://philosophyterms.com/fallacy-of-relevance/#google_vignette--a handy reference website that gives basic explanations of terms related to philosophy as well as short biographies of many famous philosophers. https://www.historyextra.com/period/georgian/why-we-say-phrase-red-herring-hunting-origins/--a fun discussion of "red herrings" from the official website for the BBC History Magazine https://www.etymonline.com/word/straw%20man--want to know the origin of a word or common phrase? This is the website for you. https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2023/10/protecting-free-speech-compels-some-form-of-social.html--a great article about why social media needs some kind of regulation. https://effectiviology.com/begging-the-question/--this website always has clear, concise definitions and examples of fallacies. https://helpfulprofessor.com/straw-man-fallacy-examples/--legit professors help you with your homework by answering almost any academic question you might have. https://www.britannica.com/topic/whataboutism--hey it's an encyclopedia so... https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Philosophy/Introduction_to_Logic_and_Critical_Thinking_2e_(van_Cleave)/04%3A_Informal_Fallacies/4.03%3A_Fallacies_of_Relevance--this is an entire OER (Open Educational Resource) philosophy textbook, so anyone can access and read it.

    19 min
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I know...thinking is hard. But here we go anyway...

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