Deuteronomy 33: Moses' Prophecies to the Twelve Tribes Dan, the Lion's Cub Springing Out of Bashan Welcome and Opening Prayer Welcome back to Bible study with Jairus. We continue our study of Deuteronomy 33, Moses' prophecy concerning the tribe of Dan. We will look at Moses' words alongside Jacob's earlier prophecy about Dan, and consider what God's salvation looked like in Dan's story. I pray the Holy Spirit gives us understanding. Let's start with prayer. Dear Heavenly Father, we come to you humbly. We need your help. We need the Holy Spirit to bring us into the experience of Dan, into his prophecy, and to show us how sinners like Dan can receive your transformation and salvation, until we become a pearl gate in the New Jerusalem. We ask Jesus Christ to cleanse us with his precious blood. We ask the Holy Spirit to anoint us with oil. We ask the Heavenly Father to bless this hour. In the name of Jesus we pray, amen. The Story of Rachel, Bilhah, and Dan's Birth According to Genesis 30, Leah had already given birth to four sons, Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah, before her womb closed for a time. Rachel, meanwhile, could not conceive, and it grieved her deeply. She told Jacob, “Give me children, or I will die,” and Jacob grew angry with her, since the matter was not his to decide. So, Rachel gave her servant Bilhah to Jacob as a wife, that she might bear children on Rachel's behalf. When the first son was born, Rachel named him Dan, saying, “God has vindicated me; he has listened to my plea and given me a son.” Her humiliation, in other words, had been removed. Later Bilhah bore a second son, Naphtali, of whom we will speak another time. Rachel said of him, “I have had a great struggle with my sister, and I have won.” The rivalry between Rachel and Leah, and the pain, neglect, and strife that surrounded it, formed the environment these children grew up in. It is worth pausing here, because our character is often woven together with our fate. Character Shapes Fate Why do we spend time examining the character of each of Jacob's sons? Because God created each of us with a unique nature, yet how we respond to our environment, especially a difficult one, shapes who we become. Joseph is the clearest example. He suffered as much as any of his brothers, yet he understood his suffering completely differently than they understood theirs. He knew his brothers meant him harm, but that God meant it for good. He could see God's purpose behind human sin and failure. His brothers, especially Simeon, could not see past their immediate trials. They decided Joseph was the problem, and that killing him would solve it. God made us free agents with free will, and the way we interpret the world we are given, the lens we choose to look through, shapes our character and our future. Had Joseph not chosen to see God's hand at work, he would surely have taken revenge on his brothers after their father died. He did not, because he understood that God's will stood behind even the sinful behavior of the people around him. Being born into a complicated, painful family often bends a person's understanding of the world, sometimes into a mindset that Satan can use to build a stronghold within them. Hatred works that way. With that in mind, let me offer some imagination about why Reuben may have slept with Bilhah and defiled his father's bed. Imagining Dan's Early Environment Neglect and a kind of functional divorce can leave a wife bitter, but having children nearby often gives comfort. When I worked as a reporter in Los Angeles, there was a neighborhood we nicknamed “Second Wife Village.” Many corrupt officials from China bought expensive homes in America for their second or third wives, women who were, in effect, mistresses supported by stolen money. These men would visit occasionally, but their children largely grew up without a father's presence. If you are aware of the Chinese community in Lost Angeles, you understand what I’m talking about. Even so, many of these women managed to build a life around their children. A woman can often bear the absence of a husband if she has a child, sometimes more than one, to pour her love into. But take the child away from her, and that becomes far harder to bear. With that in mind, consider Genesis 30 again. When Rachel proposed giving Bilhah to Jacob, she made the terms plain: Bilhah could bear the child, but the child would belong to Rachel, would sit on Rachel's knee as her own. In effect, Rachel took Dan, and later Naphtali, away from Bilhah, since both boys were named by Rachel, not their birth mother. I spent ten years without children before finally having what felt like a miracle child, and during that time I met many people connected to fertility clinics and heard many stories about surrogates. Sometimes a surrogate carries another couple's child for nine months and grows attached, and separating from that baby is agonizing. Bilhah's case was harder still. These were her own children by blood, yet by agreement they would never truly be hers. If Bilhah had been allowed to raise her own two sons herself, she may well have had no need to seek comfort elsewhere. Instead, it is possible that grief, neglect, and unmet longing left her vulnerable, and that both she and Reuben were exploited by this vulnerability to defile Jacob's bed. Many single mothers manage well when they can pour their love into their children. But take the children away, and the loss becomes unbearable. There are many single mothers in America that love and care for their kids. That, I believe, was Bilhah's experience: two sons taken from her because, by agreement, they belonged to Rachel. Growing Up Among Four Older Brothers Seen this way, Dan was the firstborn son in Jacob's household outside of Leah's own children. I mentioned yesterday that Leah's first four sons, Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah, arrived almost as a single pride of young lions ready to conquer the world. I do not know exactly how Dan fit into that group, but I suspect it was not easy. Perhaps this offers some insight into how Dan grew up: how he responded to a difficult family situation, how his character was shaped, how he later fell, and how God eventually worked salvation through him, all of which Jacob seems to have observed and folded into his prophecy. Character Traits and the Seed of Prophecy The character traits Jacob observed in his sons became the seed of the prophetic blessings he gave them. Take Issachar, for example. Jacob saw in him the quiet patience of a donkey, and prophesied accordingly. Moses later built on that seed, blessing Issachar to rejoice in his tents alongside Zebulun, one carrying an apostolic calling and the other a prophetic one, together drawing Jew and Gentile alike to the mountain of God. First Chronicles 12 even records that the men of Issachar understood the times and knew what Israel should do. You can see how a single observed trait develops, generation after generation, into a fuller calling. God spoke over Zebulun not only through Jacob's blessing and Moses' prophecy, but also through Isaiah in chapter 9, who foretold that Galilee, once a place of contempt, would become the very region from which the ministries of Jesus and Peter emerged. Contempt and humiliation, in other words, can become the starting point for God's greatest work. The same pattern of development shows up in Dan's story. I have already offered a picture of the environment Dan may have grown up in, based on Genesis 30 and common human experience. Now let's turn to Jacob's prophecy itself, and ask the Holy Spirit for further light. Jacob's Prophecy: Dan Will Provide Justice (Genesis 49:16-17) Jacob said, “Dan will provide justice for his people as one of the tribes of Israel. Dan will be a snake by the roadside, a viper along the path, that bites the horse's heels so that its rider tumbles backward.” This is vivid, mysterious, prophetic language, and it deserves some unpacking. Why would Jacob say Dan will provide justice for his people? I believe Jacob's blessings, in every case, were rooted first in what he observed in his sons growing up within a large, complicated, and often painful family, itself a small picture of the wider human world: a field of sin, neglect, hatred, and misunderstanding. Yet without anyone fully seeing it, God was already preparing, out of this difficult and sinful family dynamic, a seed of salvation. Eventually a Savior would come from the tribe of Jacob to save the world, and all twelve tribes would one day experience God's transforming power and become the pearl gates of the New Jerusalem. I doubt anyone living in Old Testament times, or even most Jewish people today, holds this full revelation, that the twelve tribes will one day become the twelve pearl gates of New Jerusalem, gates through which both Jew and Gentile enter the mountain of God to worship him. Jacob may have grasped part of this. He was a prophetic man who had encountered God many times, through the suffering of his life, the tension of four wives, twelve sons, and one daughter, and the long process of maturing through pain. By the end of his life he could bless even Pharaoh, the greatest ruler of his day, and speak prophetic promises over his own sons. So in some measure, Jacob may have understood that humanity's temporary suffering leads, in God's hands, toward eternal salvation. The Nature of True Justice Justice is always tied to injustice; wherever there is a cry for justice, an injustice has already occurred. I imagine that as Leah's four sons, Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah, were growing up, they did not always act righteously toward their younger brothers. There may well have been bullying. And wherever injustice exists, a need for justice follows. We see the same pattern in American history: real injustice was done to Native Americans, and African Americans. Nobody honestly denies this. But where do
