Jim McDonald flies solo this week while Jeff Steadman is out on assignment, and he's joined by Autumn Hurley, Cyber Risk Consulting Principal at RSM US LLP, for a practitioner's crash course in risk management frameworks and the three lines model. Autumn shares her path from marketing and banking to running offensive security operations and now leading RSM's cyber financial services team. From there, she and Jim unpack the vocabulary identity teams hear constantly but rarely get explained: likelihood, impact, risk appetite, controls, and the difference between a policy, a standard, and a procedure. They cover what GRC tools do, how frameworks like NIST CSF, ISO 27001, COBIT, and COSO apply, and the warning signs that compliance has become a checkbox exercise. Autumn then walks joiner-mover-leaver through the first, second, and third lines, explains where external audit fits, and offers practical guidance on translating an identity project into the risk language executives, auditors, and boards respond to. The episode closes with home remodeling advice and a contractor story Jim would rather forget. Connect with Autumn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/autumnhurleyatrsm Connect with us on LinkedIn: Jim McDonald: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jimmcdonaldpmp/ Jeff Steadman: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jeffsteadman/ Visit the show on the web at http://idacpodcast.com 00:00 Welcome and upcoming events 02:20 Why this episode: risk and the three lines model 03:36 Autumn's non-traditional path into cybersecurity 05:12 From pen testing to risk and governance 07:18 How her perspective on risk has changed 08:18 What is risk management? 10:07 Risk concepts every identity practitioner should know 12:52 Business, technology, and identity risk as a pyramid 14:28 What is a control? 16:05 Policy vs. standard vs. procedure 17:56 Control design vs. operating effectiveness 20:05 What is a GRC tool? 21:36 Who creates risk and control frameworks 23:07 NIST, ISO 27001, COBIT, COSO: what you need to know 24:24 Keeping compliance from becoming a checkbox exercise 26:16 The three lines model explained 30:19 Where external audit fits 31:38 Joiner-mover-leaver through the three lines 34:04 Can auditors rely on IGA and SSO data? 36:09 Why the lines are blurring 37:50 The IT risk function as internal advisor 38:46 Preparing for risk conversations with senior leaders 40:40 Translating an identity project into risk language 42:36 Key terms for talking with risk, compliance, and audit 43:56 Autumn's key takeaway 45:38 Remodeling advice and a contractor horror story 49:37 Wrap-up IDAC, Identity at the Center, Jeff Steadman, Jim McDonald, Autumn Hurley, RSM, risk management, three lines model, three lines of defense, cyber risk, risk management framework, controls, control effectiveness, policy, standards, procedures, GRC, governance risk and compliance, NIST CSF, ISO 27001, COBIT, COSO, internal audit, external audit, risk appetite, risk tolerance, likelihood and impact, joiner mover leaver, JML, user access reviews, IGA, identity governance, privileged access, financial services, compliance, IAM, identity and access management