Send us Fan Mail The historic Black neighborhood of Houston’s Third Ward is home to two universities: the University of Houston (UH) and - right across Scott Street - Texas Southern University (TSU). The histories of these two educational institutions are intertwined, especially at the intersection of race and segregation within the city. Both were founded in the 1920s as junior colleges: UH for white students and TSU for Black students. By 1934, increased enrollments led their transition to four-year institutions. However, segregation intentionally persisted through the 1950s, even after the landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education. No Black students or professors were admitted to UH. This separation reflected the broader culture of Houston, which had for decades developed along strict racial lines and inequality. Then in the early 1960s, as the Civil Rights movement swelled nationally, TSU students began local sit-ins. At the same time, Houston Black and white business leadership committed to begin quietly desegregating businesses but only under a media blackout. Despite this blackout, students at both TSU and UH continued their work at their universities and within the wider community - demanding change. Today’s podcast episode highlights three acts of their activism and how these brave students not only confronted the academic space but contributed to the transformation of an entire city. Act One: Women of Houston’s Student Civil Rights Movement Graduate Student Brandy Black tells the story of the Texas Southern University women who organized and participated in Houston’s Student Civil Rights Movement. Although many of these women remain unknown, Black highlights three preserved in the archives: Holly Adrienne Hogrobrooks, Deanna Lot Burrell, and Halcyon Sadberry Watkins. Act Two: 5,000 Rounds On the night of May 16 and into the early morning of May 17, 1967, the campus of Texas Southern University was rocked by a violent police operation. After the smoke cleared, one officer had been killed, almost 500 students were arrested, and one dormitory was shot with thousands of bullets. Graduate student Chase Holt turns to the archives to pull apart the shockingly differing accounts of that night. Check out the podcast series from Chase Holt: A.P.E. Academy. Act Three: Gene Locke and the Integration of UH After federal policy desegregated UH, student activism helped ensure that Black students and faculty were actually integrated into the academic community. Graduate students Cindy Rivas Alfaro and Luana Lucena spotlight how student Gene Locke and colleagues advocated for change while facing prejudice and resistance both on campus and off. ***This episode was researched, written, and recorded by Brandy Black, Chase Holt, Cindy Rivas Alfaro, and Luana Lucena for the University of Houston Center for Public History. Produced by Kristina Neumann.*** Oral Histories and Film: Jon Schwartz, This is Our Home, It is Not for Sale (1987). For the full film, please contact the filmmaker at dashhamm@aol or see the UH Libraries Digital Archives at https://exhibits.lib.uh.edu/s/tioh/page/welcome and https://av.lib.uh.edu/media_objects/j3860694x .“Lawson, William Rev.” October 20, 2004. Oral Histories from the Houston History Project, Special Collections, University of Houston Libraries. Audio recording. Accessed August 19, 2026. https://av.lib.uh.edu/media_objects/jd472w54s. “Interview with Gene Locke.” July 21, 2006. Oral History of Houston, Special Collections, University of Houston Libraries. Transcript and audio recording. Accessed October 24, 2025. https://av.lib.uh.edu/media_objects/cc08hf75k. To Learn More: Anderson. Michael. 2017. “Eldreway Stearns and Houston’s Student Rights Movement”. Houston History Magazine. Vol 14.2. Behnken, Brian D. 2005. "Count on Me: Reverend M. L. Price of Texas, a Case Study in Civil Rights Leadership”. Journal of American Ethnic History. Vol. 25.1: 61-84.Berman, David. 1998. Untold Stories: The Strange Demise of Jim Crow in Houston.Black History Month: Dr. Halcyon Sadberry Watkins Recalls Houston’s First Sit-in. 20 January 2016. https://fabsculture.com/dr-halcyon-sadberry-watkins-recalls-houstons-first-sit-in/.Block, Robinson. 2010. “Afro-Americans for Black Liberation and the Fight for Civil Rights at the University of Houston.” Houston History 8.1: 24–28.Cole, T. R. 1997. No Color Is My Kind: The Life of Eldrewey Stearns and the Integration of Houston. Austin, TX. University of Texas Press. Conyers, James L., Jr. 2019. “Honoring the UH African American Studies Program’s 50th Anniversary.” Houston History 17.1: 7–11. "Houston Civil Rights Movement Pioneer and TSU Alumna Holly Hogrobrooks Passes." Texas Southern University. News Media. "Houston Woman Remembers Bloody Sunday." 7 March 2015. KHOU.com. LaRotta, Alex. “The TSU Riot, 50 Years Later.” Houston Chronicle, May 17, 2017. Updated May 17, 2017. https://www.houstonchronicle.com/local/gray-matters/article/The-TSU-Riot-50-years-later-11149852.php . Mendoza, Moises. 2010. “Houston Honors TSU Pioneers for Sit-in that Made Strides”. Houston Chronicle. Chron.com. Pegoda, Andrew Joseph. 2010. “The University of Houston and Texas Southern University: Perpetuating ‘Separate but Equal’ in the Face of Brown v. Board of Education.” Houston History 8.1: 19–23.Rivas Alfaro, Cindy. 2024. “Celebrating Juneteenth at UH: Making Black History Known.” The Daily Cougar, June 19, 2024. https://thedailycougar.com/2024/06/19/celebrating-juneteenth-at-uh-making-black-history-known/.Scott, Bethany. 2022. “University of Houston Integration Records: A Difficult Path to Desegregation.” Houston History 20.1: 27–31. "Struggles and Success: Sections from the Handbook of African American Texans." 2015. Texas State Historical Commission. University of Houston. 2022–23 Graduate Catalog. Houston: University of Houston Office of the University Registrar, 2022. Accessed October 24, 2025. https://publications.uh.edu/content.php?catoid=45&navoid=16561.Additional Resources: African American History Research Center at the Gregory School: https://houstonlibrary.org/aahrc University of Houston Special Collections: https://libraries.uh.edu/special-collections/ The Houston Public Library: https://houstonlibrary.org/aahrc The Houston Public Library Digital Archives: https://houstonlibrary.org/digital-archives Texas Southern University: https://tsu.edu/about/history.php The Houston Post, now The Houston Chronicle newspaper: https://www.houstonchronicle.com/Music and audio courtesy of: Pixabay Music Creators: Turning_Pages, alex-morgan, moodmode, Blackbird1977, OpenUseMusic, DJPetrStudio, alanajordan, Andrewfai, DesiFreeMusic Free Music Archive: Lobo Loco – “Burning Sunshine” CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 Freesound.org: FoolBoyMedia – “New York Jazz Loop” CC BY-NC 4.0 CollectionOfMemories – “Lo-fi Loop”; “Blues improvisation” CC BY 4.0 The Center for Public History at the University of Houston. https://uh.edu/class/cph