90 Miles from Needles: the Desert Protection Podcast

Chris Clarke

Join Chris Clarke and a variety of guests as they explore the challenges and opportunities of the American Southwest's fragile ecosystems. Engaging interviews with experts, activists, and advocates on conservation, land management, and environmental justice. Science and sentiment, politics and philosophy, hiking and history, culture and creativity all go into defending the desert. Be forewarned: We are out to recruit you to the cause.

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  1. 3d ago

    S5E36: Desert Defenders, We Remember You

    For this episode on the weekend of Dia De Los Muertos, host Chris Clarke celebrates the life and  work of five departed desert defenders: Judith Ackerman of El Paso; Tomás Rojo Valencia of Sonora's Yaqui communities; Donna Charpied of Desert Center, CA; David Gaine of Lee Vining, CA, and Ken Sleight of Green River, Utah. In these all-too-brief descriptions, Chris gives us a glimpse into each activist's work and life. Some of the five died tragically and far too soon, others lived out longer lives. All are missed. Bonus: If you stay to the end, Chris lists and commemorates 60 other departed desert defenders. Their work made our work possible.Chris also observes the passing of labor icon Dolores Huerta, and in a mid-stream PSA, he urges listeners to donate to groups aiding survivors of the serious flooding in the Four Corners area. Check out the Bluff Community Foundation, Hopi Relief, the Navajo Relief Fund, and/or Samaritan's Purse to help out.  Chris is eagerly anticipating his attendance at the CHihuahuan Desert Conference in El Paso on 11/4-6, and hopes to see some of you there. Resources: Judy Ackerman — Texas House Resolution 63 (2023). Official memorial covering her military career, Castner Range work, Rio Bosque protest, and civic organizing. https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/88R/billtext/html/HR00063I.htm Tomás Rojo Valencia — Human Rights Defenders Memorial. Profile and links to additional reporting on his killing and subsequent prosecutions. https://hrdmemorial.org/hrdrecord/tomas-rojo-valencia/ CEMDA — Independencia Aqueduct and Yaqui consultation rights (2015, Spanish). Legal and organizing background from an organization involved in environmental-rights advocacy. https://cemda.org.mx/a-dos-anos-del-fallo-de-la-suprema-corte-continua-operando-de-forma-irregular-el-acueducto-independencia/ La Jornada — Arrest in Rojo’s murder (July 6, 2021, Spanish). Contemporary reporting that attributes the toll-revenue motive to prosecutors. https://www.jornada.com.mx/2021/07/06/estados/024n1est Donna Charpied — First-person interview, parts I and II (2008). Her farming background, the landfill campaign, and her vision for Eagle Mountain. https://edgeofthemirage.blogspot.com/2008/02/interview-with-donna-charpied-part-i.html and https://edgeofthemirage.blogspot.com/2008/03/interview-with-donna-charpied-part-ii.html Chris Clarke — Court Order Final Blow to Landfill Near Joshua Tree National Park.  https://www.pbssocal.org/redefine/court-order-final-blow-to-landfill-near-joshua-tree-national-park Donna Charpied — Family obituary notice (2017). Includes remembrances. https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/venturacountystar/name/donna-charpied-obituary?id=10096010 John Hart — Storm over Mono (University of California Press, 1996). Free full text of the book recommended in the episode. https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/public/book/storm-over-mono-the-mono-lake-battle-and-the-california-water-future.html California State Water Board — Mono Lake Basin. Official entry point to the 1983 court ruling, Decision 1631, and restoration requirements. https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/mono_lake/ John Wesley Powell River History Museum — Ken Sleight. River-guide biography and Hall of Fame profile. https://johnwesleypowell.com/ken-sleight-2012-hall-of-fame-inductee/ Richard Markosian — The Last Man To Know Glen Canyon Before Lake Powell (Utah Stories, May 29, 2014). Source of the interview and compromise quotation used in the episode. https://utahstories.com/2014/05/glen-canyon-before-lake-powell/ Ken Sleight — The Death of Glen Canyon. His own account, republished by the Canyon Country Zephyr. https://www.canyoncountryzephyr.com/2020/11/30/from-the-archives-ken-sleight-remembers-the-death-of-glen-canyon/ Dolores Huerta Foundation — In Memory of Dolores Huerta. Official memorial and family statement. https://doloreshuerta.org/in-memory-of-dolores-huerta/ Places and assistance links Glen Canyon Dam facts and history — Bureau of Reclamation. Construction, power generation, and reservoir filling. https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/crsp/gc/index.html Lake Powell operations — Bureau of Reclamation. Date-sensitive reservoir conditions and operational forecasts. https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/cs/gcd.html Hopi Relief. Assistance to Hopi communities. https://hopirelief.org/ Navajo Relief Fund. Partnership With Native Americans program supporting food, water, and emergency assistance. https://nativepartnership.org/nrf/ Copper Mountain College. Episode sponsor. https://www.cmccd.edu/ Support 90 Miles from Needles. https://90milesfromneedles.com/donate Become a desert defender!: https://90milesfromneedles.com/donate See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

    S5E36: Desert Defenders, We Remember You
  2. Oct 23

    S5E35: Blackbrush and the Desert's Long Memory

    Blackbrush, Coleogyne ramosissima, is easy to overlook. Its tiny, dark leaves and gray stems can make a stretch of landscape look at best boring, at worst funereal. But this rose family plant’s low, dense canopy helps shape desert plant communities, and gives desert animals an important food source. Nurse plants shelter vulnerable seedlings from heat, drying winds, and hungry animals. Blackbrush may well be the most important nurse plant for Joshua trees. Long-lived adults, episodic seed production, rodent seed caches, and suppressed young plants help blackbrush stands persist. But blackbrush isn’t well adapted to what North America’s hot deserts have become. Research in the Panamint Mountains shows why rebuilding a mature desert shrub community can take far longer than replacing its individual plants. Protecting existing blackbrush matters as warming and disturbance make natural recovery harder. Also, you still have a few days left to apply for our Fellowship for Desert Reporting, viewable at https://thedamn.org/fellowship. Sources cited, plus extras: Webb, R. H., Steiger, J. W., & Turner, R. M. (1987). Dynamics of Mojave Desert Shrub Assemblages in the Panamint Mountains, California. Ecology, 68(3), 478–490. The exceptionally slow recovery of blackbrush communities after disturbance, including the climatic and geomorphic stability quotation. Free PDF. pubs.usgs.gov Hunter, K. L., & McAuliffe, J. R. (1994). Elevational Shifts of Coleogyne ramossissima in the Mojave Desert during the Little Ice Age. Quaternary Research, 42(2), 216–221. Packrat midden evidence for blackbrush expansion at the southern Nevada study site during the Little Ice Age. The extra “s” in ramossissima appears in the published title. Cambridge Core Meyer, S. E. (2023). Factors Regulating Population Stand Structure in Blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima: Rosaceae), a Masting North American Desert Shrub. Diversity, 15(5), 619. Stand structure, episodic seed crops, rodent dispersal, and banks of suppressed young plants within adult crowns. mdpi.com Pendleton, B. K., & Meyer, S. E. (2004). Habitat-correlated variation in blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima: Rosaceae) seed germination response. Journal of Arid Environments, 59(2), 229–243. Differences among populations in seed chilling requirements and germination responses. . ScienceDirect Jones, L. C., Schwinning, S., & Esque, T. C. (2014). Seedling ecology and restoration of blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima) in the Mojave Desert, United States. Restoration Ecology, 22(5), 692–700. Seedling establishment, herbivory, and how nurse-plant effects change with elevation and environmental stress.   Become a desert defender!: https://90milesfromneedles.com/donate See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

    S5E35: Blackbrush and the Desert's Long Memory
  3. Oct 16

    S5E34: Chihuahuan Desert 101 with Dr. Kevin Floyd

    we realized that our continent's easternmost desert, the Chihuahuan Desert, is not as well known in many ways as its sister deserts like the Mojave and Sonoran. And we had to do what we can to rectify that! So in this episode, Chris chats with Dr. Kevin Floyd, botanical curator of the Chihuahuan Desert Gardens at the University of Texas at El Paso, about what life is like in the Chihuahuan Desert. Kevin discusses: Elevation, winter freezes, and summer monsoon rains. Why no one really agrees on the precise boundaries of the Chihuahuan Desert The small cacti, agaves, yuccas, that thrive in the desert’s grassland landscapes Native bees, birds, bats, and the connections between plant diversity and animal life. Bighorn sheep in the Franklin Mountains, road mortality, and the case for wildlife crossings. How native landscaping and reduced pesticide use help support local food webs. Our first taste of a new batch of Fred Bell’s nature recordings features coyotes around Furnace Creek Campground in Death Valley National Park. And Chris reflects on storm damage, past and future. Check on your neighbors! Also! We've extended two deadlines. Our Fellowship for Desert Reporting is still accepting applications until October 31, and you can still be the first to submit an answer to our bird ID quiz from last week! Listen to the Fred Bell recording in S5E33; the first three emails received at chris@90milesfromneedles.com that correctly identify the birds in the audio by October 22 win a 90 Miles from Needles T-shirt. Links and Resources: Desert Diaries Podcast: https://www.ktep.org/podcast/desert-diaries Chihuahuan Desert Gardens at UTEP: https://www.utep.edu/centennial-museum/chihuahuan-desert-gardens/ Kevin Floyd and Daniel Carey-Whalen staff profiles: https://www.utep.edu/centennial-museum/about/people.html Fellowship for Desert Reporting: https://thedamn.org/fellowship Support 90 Miles from Needles: https://www.90milesfromneedles.com/donate Become a desert defender!: https://90milesfromneedles.com/donate See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

    S5E34: Chihuahuan Desert 101 with Dr. Kevin Floyd
  4. Oct 8

    S5E33: From Starfleet to the Sonoran Desert: Coping With a Burro Onslaught

    Listeners in Joshua Tree and Moab may think their homes are overrun with jackasses, but this episode's guest has got them beat. We talk with Dr. Jennifer Anderson, whose diverse career has brought her to stewarding 300 acres of Sonoran Desert landscape in Mohave County, Arizona. But restoring her former 19th Century mine site has not proved as straightforward as Anderson had imagined. Western Arizona landscapes — and others throughout the deserts — are contending with a huge increase in the numbers of feral burros, introduced centuries ago but newly prospering at the expense of the desert. Anderson details the impact her unwanted guests have caused to her part of the desert, and the cascade of unpleasant effects that stem from the donkeys' presence as well as the inability of land management agencies to contend with the issue. Plus! Our first ever listener contest: correctly identify all the birds in Fred Bell's nature audio and message Chris, and you may win a 90 Miles from Needles T-shirt. The first three listeners who email Chris with a correct ID, a t-shirt size, and a mailing address will get some mail from us. Citation links and further reading AZGFD study — Associations between a feral equid and the Sonoran Desert ecosystem — Esther S. Rubin, Dave Conrad, Larisa E. Harding, and Brianna M. Russo; Wildlife Monographs 215, e1083, published June 26, 2024. Fieldwork in 2017–2019 compared areas with and without established burro herds near Lake Havasu and Lake Pleasant. Environmental Assessment — Big Sandy Alamo and Lake Havasu Wild Burro Gather and Population Control Plan — BLM Kingman Field Office, DOI-BLM-AZ-C010-2023-0025-EA. Official document index for the final revised EA, Finding of No Significant Impact, and Decision Record. Decision issued September 13, 2024. Expand Final Documents to access the assessment. BLM 2025 Three Rivers Complex gather and daily reports — Official record of the bait and water trapping operation and fertility control work. Alamo Herd Management Area — BLM geographic profile and appropriate management level. Big Sandy Herd Management Area — BLM geographic profile and appropriate management level. Havasu Herd Management Area — BLM geographic profile and appropriate management level. AZGFD explanation of the burro study — Accessible agency summary of the ecological concerns. National Academies review of equid fertility management — Methods and Effects of Fertility Management, in Using Science to Improve the BLM Wild Horse and Burro Program A Way Forward (2013). Mountain lion predation study — Lundgren and colleagues (2022), A novel trophic cascade between cougars and feral donkeys shapes desert wetlands. Background relevant to the predator discussion. NPS saguaro biology and nurse trees — Background on young saguaros, nurse trees, growth, and roots. Federal wild horse and burro law — Official U.S. Code PDF covering private-land removal and criminal provisions, including 16 USC 1334 and 1338. Guest and episode links Sonoran Desert Sanctuary Anderson-Arroyo Foundation Fellowship for Desert Reporting Support 90 Miles from Needles This episode's sponsor Copper Mountain College Contact Chris Become a desert defender!: https://90milesfromneedles.com/donate See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

    S5E33: From Starfleet to the Sonoran Desert: Coping With a Burro Onslaught
  5. Oct 2

    S5E32: Hiding Big Projects in Small Pieces

    As promised a few episodes back, Chris explores a sneaky trick developers sometimes try to use to evade legally required environmental analysis of their projects. Segmentation, the term of art for dividing a large project into smaller pieces to obscure the environmental impacts of the whole project, is likely to become more frequent as the Trump administration keeps hacking away at environmental protection laws. Chris provides a handful of illuminating examples: Cadiz gets the Interior Department to assess the company’s Northern Pipeline separately from the pumping it would enable, prompting new desert protection lawsuits. A non-desert example: 14 years ago, frontline community groups successfully challenged an upgrading of Chevron Oil’s refinery on Richmond, California. Though their allegations of segmentation (called “piecemealing” in California state law) didn’t sway a judge, the case illustrates how reasonable people can disagree on what constitutes segmentation.   As the Federal approach to NEPA changes, Chris briefly examines what the erosion of CEQ regulations means for protecting the public and the environment from improperly segmented project proposals. An Imperial County victory: the court overturned a data center’s lot merger approval and required environmental review of the entire development. Fred Bell shares the dawn chorus from Sabino Canyon in Tucson. Apply for DAMN’s Fellowship for Desert Reporting, and support independent desert journalism through a donation to 90 Miles from Needles. Cadiz lawsuit by Tribal Nations, NALC and NPCA, July 28, 2026: identifies plaintiffs and explains their objections to separate pipeline review. Cadiz lawsuit by the Center for Biological Diversity and Sierra Club, July 28, 2026: Earthjustice’s account of the parallel challenge. NPCA and NALC’s 2021 Northern Pipeline lawsuit: background on the earlier approval and litigation. Communities for a Better Environment v. City of Richmond, 2010 appellate opinion: the decision distinguishes the successful project-description and greenhouse-gas claims from the rejected piecemealing claim. Earthjustice on the Richmond refinery appeal: the community groups’ account of the outcome. City of Imperial data center information and court documents: includes the September 9, 2026 decision, tentative decision, petitions and project documents. KPBS coverage of the September 9 data center ruling: accessible explanation of the ruling. Department of Energy history of CEQ regulations: official timeline and links to the rescission rules. January 8, 2026 CEQ final rule: official Federal Register publication. Podcast and support links S5E1: Standing Up to Tech Giants: Desert Locals vs. California’s Largest Data Center Fellowship for Desert Reporting Support 90 Miles from Needles Copper Mountain College Become a desert defender!: https://90milesfromneedles.com/donate See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

    S5E32: Hiding Big Projects in Small Pieces
  6. Sep 17

    S5E30: Why Deserts Need Defending

    For our 150th episode, we return to a foundational question: why does the desert need people speaking up for it? Chris offers four answers. Deserts are widely misunderstood as empty or expendable. They remain surprisingly understudied, even when familiar species such as Joshua trees are concerned. Desert protection cannot be separated from Indigenous sovereignty, migration, heat inequality, contaminated water, and the lives of working people. And beneath the science, policy, and activism lies a simpler reason: we love these places. Listeners Kimberly, Nancy, and Diane share their own reasons for caring about deserts. Fred Bell supplies the nighttime voices of Woodhouse’s and Amargosa toads at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge. After the closing credits, Chris looks back at the geographical and topical reach of the podcast’s first 150 episodes—and identifies some of the places still missing from the archive. In this episode: Why calling deserts “empty” makes them easier to sacrifice Creosote rings, desert fire and ecological time How invasive grasses have transformed wildfire in the Mojave Why conspicuous desert species can remain surprisingly understudied Environmental justice, border communities and urban heat What love contributes to conservation Where 150 episodes have taken us—and where the podcast needs to go next Resources and related listening: The National Park Service explains how invasive plants can create a cycle of increasingly frequent and extensive Mojave fires: Fire in the Mojave Desert. NPS reports that the 2020 Dome Fire burned 43,273 acres, killed as many as 1.3 million Joshua trees and exposed the forest to a potential invasive-grass fire cycle: Dome Fire. Related episode: S4E31: Five Years On—Cima Dome After the Flames. Related episode: Joshua Trees and Family Trees. The Joshua Tree Genome Project and affiliated researchers are using mapping, crowdsourced observations and machine learning to study Joshua tree populations: The Yoder Lab at CSU Northridge. NOAA’s current assessment of the strengthening 2026–27 El Niño: ENSO Diagnostic Discussion. Related episode: S5E28: Four Things You Need to Know About Desert Flooding. Support the podcast at 90milesfromneedles.com/donate. Learn about the Fellowship for Desert Reporting at thedamn.org/fellowship. Not sure where to start with 150 episodes? Visit our Start Here page for a selection of episodes that offer a good introduction to 90 Miles from Needles. Become a desert defender!: https://90milesfromneedles.com/donate See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

    S5E30: Why Deserts Need Defending
  7. Sep 11

    S5E29: Why Was the North Kaibab Trail Still Open?

    Journalist Joe Dana of 12 News in Phoenix joins Chris Clarke to discuss questions raised by the August 29 flash flood in Grand Canyon National Park—and what happened inside the National Park Service before the disaster. After the 2025 Dragon Bravo Fire, Grand Canyon Trails Supervisor Adam Gibson warned publicly that the upper North Kaibab Trail had become a substantially more hazardous environment. In a March appearance on The Grand Canyon Hiker Dude Show, Gibson described debris flows, hydrophobic soils and risks likely to persist for years. Dana's reporting goes further. Sources told him that Gibson had recommended keeping the North Kaibab Trail closed for the 2026 season, and that park leadership initially appeared receptive to that recommendation before the entire trail reopened May 15. NPS had previously described its reopening strategy as adaptive, promising to “open what we can, where we can, when we can,” while balancing visitor safety, resource protection and operational readiness. Chris and Joe talk about the pressures on park managers to restore public access, the risks faced by trail crews and visitors in a recently burned landscape, and the larger question built into National Park Service management: how do you provide public enjoyment of extraordinary places while ensuring that those places remain unimpaired for future generations? NPS policy says conservation ultimately takes precedence when those purposes genuinely conflict. The August 29 flood killed two hikers, left a third missing, prompted roughly 80 rescues, and devastated infrastructure along Bright Angel Creek. As of September 8, the North Kaibab Trail, Phantom Ranch, Bright Angel Campground and several other inner-canyon areas remain closed, with no estimated reopening date. Links and background Joe Dana and 12 News Grand Canyon Hiker Dude: Adam Gibson's March 4 interview NPS: North Rim reopening announcement, March 25 NPS: Current North Rim and North Kaibab Trail status National Park Service Management Policies: conservation and public enjoyment Chris will also be taking 90 Miles from Needles to El Paso for the Fourth Chihuahuan Desert Conference, November 4–6, 2026, at the El Paso Zoo and Botanical Gardens. Chihuahuan Desert Conference information Become a desert defender!: https://90milesfromneedles.com/donate See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

    S5E29: Why Was the North Kaibab Trail Still Open?

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About

Join Chris Clarke and a variety of guests as they explore the challenges and opportunities of the American Southwest's fragile ecosystems. Engaging interviews with experts, activists, and advocates on conservation, land management, and environmental justice. Science and sentiment, politics and philosophy, hiking and history, culture and creativity all go into defending the desert. Be forewarned: We are out to recruit you to the cause.

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