What Works SOLUTIONS Indigenous Environment Nupqu distributes 700,000 seedlings a year to land reclamation projects in their traditional territory. Anna Dulisse Today TodayThe Tyee 31 Jul 2026 Anna Dulisse is a climate and conservation writer, communicator and wildlife technician based in Nelson, B.C. Our journalism is supported by readers like you. Click here to support The Tyee. URL copied to clipboard! SHARE: 68 SHARES 0 0 Comments / 0 New Nupqu distributes 700,000 seedlings a year to land reclamation projects in their traditional territory. … Article written by Anna Dulisse. In the Ktunaxa language, the black bears that roam freely in the mountains and valleys within their territory are called nupqu. They come out of hibernation in the spring in search of fresh grasses, plants and food such as elderberries, which are native to their territory. Most black bears rely on these native plants for their diet. But that food source is susceptible to industrial development, which is a major economic driver in the region. In parts of the province such as Ktunaxa traditional territory in southeastern B.C., open-pit metal and coal mining have scarred ecosystems, affected water quality and introduced invasive species that harm habitat and native plants that bears and other wildlife may rely on. The upside? B.C.'s reclamation laws require mines to restore sites after exploration and development have come to an end. In a fertile valley north of Cranbrook, the Ktunaxa Nation has come up with a solution that provides benefits to the local economy while reclaiming green spaces in its territory. Since 2020, Nupqu, Canada's largest Indigenous-led plant nursery, has distributed about 700,000 seedlings a year at reclamation sites and conservation lands in the Southern Rocky Mountain Trench, replenishing mountainsides that have been altered, or are in the midst of being altered, by development. "We're looking to do progressive reclamation as land is disturbed, or looking to restore as we go," says Aaron Higgs, Nupqu's president. "All of that is conducive to the utilization of native plants and incorporating those into those systems." Black bears and Tupperware The Nupqu ("NOOP-koo") native plant nursery, which is located on ʔaq̓am land, between Cranbrook and Kimberley, started operations during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. It has since expanded from a small nursery that grew a few different varieties of forest understorey plants into a hub for native seedlings spanning grasses, shrubs and herbaceous flowering plants. The work is aimed at restoring ecosystems and wildlife habitat that's been disturbed by industrial development. Today, it employs 15 people. Nupqu grows between 60 and 80 native species per year, including yarrow, red osier dogwood, rosy pussytoes, black huckleberry, Rocky Mountain juniper and shrubby penstemon. Then there are the grasses: the rough and Idaho fescues, blue and Alaska wildryes and June grass. All species are located within a large walk-in refrigerator, dubbed the "seed bank," that houses thousands of seeds in neatly labelled Tupperware containers. Seed collecting in the region kicks off in April and goes until November, or until the snow gets too deep. Each plant has a different seed harvest time window. After seeds are collected, they're brought back to the lab to be "cleaned," a labour-intensive process that removes excess plant and soil material. Then, the seeds are stratified — meaning refrigerated for several weeks or months to simulate winter, or other conditions necessary for them to germinate — tested for germination rate, stored and, if ordered and ready, planted into an appropriately sized Styrofoam tray. After they're ready to leave the lab, they spend their time growing at the nursery in one of several large greenhouses on the ʔaq̓am reserve. "It's a huge amount of planning," says Sarah McLeod, the nursery's seed co-ordinator. "As we're wrapping up testing and storage from the previous year, we...