Most managers spend their days on management: goals, processes, plans. Organizational psychologist Dr. Markus Ebner says that's only half the job. The other half is leadership, which is how you bring people along, and it's the half that usually gets dropped. In this episode, Andrew Soren talks with Markus about PERMA-Lead, the positive leadership model he built on Martin Seligman's PERMA model of well-being (positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment). Markus explains how he turned each of those five pieces into things a manager can actually do, like recognizing someone's contribution, explaining why a task matters, or stepping in when someone gets talked down to in a meeting. They talk about why Markus calls leadership "positive manipulation," why positive leadership matters most when things are hard, and what his research has found in hospitals, schools, supermarkets, and police services. Markus also shares a new randomized trial with police supervisors in Texas, and why he tells managers who ask for a recipe that he doesn't have one. If you lead people, this conversation gives you a simple structure to work from: five things everyone needs, and the job of finding out what each of them looks like for the people on your team. Key Takeaways In organizational psychology, leadership and management are two parts of the same job. Management is about goals and structure. Leadership is about people, and Markus says most supervisors spend far more time on management.PERMA-Lead translates the five parts of PERMA into leader behaviour. For example, meaning becomes explaining why a task matters, and accomplishment becomes helping people notice progress.Markus argues that leaders influence people all the time, whether they mean to or not. He calls it manipulation and says the choice is whether to do it in a positive, sustainable way.Positive leadership isn't about being the team clown. In hard times, it can be as simple as saying "thank you for being here" or calling a five-minute coffee break in a tough meeting.Markus shares findings from his research linking PERMA-Lead behaviour to lower burnout risk in healthcare and policing, lower turnover, higher psychological safety, and even more customer spending in retail.A 2024 study he co-authored found that teachers felt more joy and pride, and less boredom, anger, and anxiety, when their principals showed more PERMA-Lead behaviour.Meaning is the hardest part for managers. Markus says it doesn't come from mission statements. It grows when people see how their daily work connects to a contribution that matters to them.There is no recipe. PERMA tells you what to look for. Each person on your team needs you to ask and listen to learn what it looks like for them. Why This Episode Matters A lot of what we talk about on this show is what makes work meaningful. This conversation is about who shapes that day-to-day: the manager. Markus gives leaders concrete things to do, backed by research, without pretending there's a single formula. For anyone leading a team through a hard year, his point that you can always improve at least one of the five is a useful place to start. About Our Guest Dr. Markus Ebner is a business and organizational psychologist based in Vienna and the founder of the PERMA-Lead model of positive leadership. He teaches and does research at the University of Vienna and the University of Klagenfurt, and works as a coach, trainer, and speaker with leaders and organizations. He is the author of Positive Leadership: Leading successfully with PERMA-Lead: the five keys to high-performance and Positive Leadership in Action: Tools, Techniques & Best Practices. In 2021, his work received the International Positive Psychology Association's Research to Practice Award. Mentioned in This Episode PERMA-Lead and the PERMA-Lead website (books, workshops, and certification)Positive Leadership: Leading successfully with PERMA-Lead by Markus EbnerMartin Seligman's Flourish (2011) and the PERMA modelAlbert Marshall, Mi'kmaw Elder, and Two-Eyed SeeingOther models of well-being: Carol Ryff's psychological well-being, Isaac Prilleltensky's I COPPE model, and Ed Diener's work on flourishingAlejandro Adler's research on teaching well-being in schools in BhutanJulie Butler & Peggy Kern and the PERMA-ProfilerFred Luthans and psychological capital (PsyCap)Kim Cameron and positive energizing leadershipAmerican Psychological Association, 2026 Work in America survey on psychological capitalGoetz, Botes, Resch, Weiss, Frenzel & Ebner (2024), "Teachers emotionally profit from positive school leadership", Teaching and Teacher EducationMihaly Csikszentmihalyi's FlowThe Master of Applied Positive Psychology (MAPP) program at the University of PennsylvaniaThe 10th IPPA World Congress on Positive Psychology, Istanbul, 2027 Music and Production Theme and background music: “Zinc,” written by Zoë Keating and performed by Zoë Keating and the Grand Valley State New Music Ensemble. With gratitude to Zoë for generously sharing her music with the show. With thanks to the production team at Palm Tree Pod Co.