MedEvidence Articles

MedEvidence Articles

Welcome to MedEvidence Articles, where we encourage community research and education with weekly articles. Our articles review the history, risks, symptoms, complications, and treatments of diseases with a healthy dose of humor. Visit our website at MedEvidence.com. MedEvidence helps answer the question of “Who can you trust?” for medical information. The MedEvidence platform provides valuable information about many medical issues and the insights of evidence-based medicine. MedEvidence educates audiences through engaging and entertaining magazines, podcasts, videos, articles, and presentations. We strive to bring together diverse voices of top-level medical professionals, researchers, and experts to provide unique and engaging content that uncovers The Truth Behind The Data.

  1. 13h ago

    Why Is Agitation a Symptom of Alzheimer's Disease?

    In this week's episode we explore the links between anxiety, Alzheimer's, and agitation. We look at how anxiety works, how agitation works, and how Alzheimer's may increase these two. We also jump into some of the treatment options available to lower agitation for those with Alzheimer's disease. References: Ostergaard JR. A new perspective on agitation in Alzheimer’s disease: a potential paradigm shift. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025 Apr 4;26(7):3370. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26073370Carrarini C, Russo M, Dono F, Barbone F, Rispoli MG, Ferri L, Di Pietro M, Digiovanni A, Ajdinaj P, Speranza R, Granzotto A. Agitation and dementia: prevention and treatment strategies in acute and chronic conditions. Frontiers in neurology. 2021 Apr 16;12:644317.Liu KY, Stringer AE, Reeves SJ, Howard RJ. The neurochemistry of agitation in Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review. Ageing research reviews. 2018 May 1;43:99-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2018.03.003Sadowska K, Turnwald M, O'Neil T, Maust DT, Gerlach LB. Behavioral symptoms and treatment challenges for patients living with dementia: Hospice clinician and caregiver perspectives. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2025 Apr;73(4):1094-104. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.19320Share with a friend. Rate, Review, and Subscribe to MedEvidence! Articles to be notified when new episodes are released. Follow us on Social Media: Facebook Instagram Twitter LinkedIn Tiktok Youtube For more great content, including discussions by physicians and clinical research experts, check out the MedEvidence! Podcast and MedEvidence.com Thank you for listening!

  2. Sep 22

    Weight Loss Isn't the Only Thing That Matters for Heart Health

    In this week's episode, we review a recently released, randomized research paper that compared three different diets. The study looked at the Mediterranean diet, a low-fat plant-forward diet, and very-low-carb ketogenic diet to discover the effects of these diets on heart health after participants lost 10% of their body weight. We look at the study, the diets, and why participants on the ketogenic diet had better indicators of heart health after weight loss. References: Petersen MC, Smith GI, Farabi SS, Palacios HH, Shankaran M, Hellerstein MK, Patterson BW, Klein S. Effect of diet macronutrient content on the cardiometabolic response to weight loss: A randomized clinical trial. Cell Metabolism. 2026 Aug 27; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2026.07.020   Kirkpatrick CF, Bolick JP, Kris-Etherton PM, Sikand G, Aspry KE, Soffer DE, Willard KE, Maki KC. Review of current evidence and clinical recommendations on the effects of low-carbohydrate and very-low-carbohydrate (including ketogenic) diets for the management of body weight and other cardiometabolic risk factors: a scientific statement from the National Lipid Association Nutrition and Lifestyle Task Force. Journal of clinical lipidology. 2019 Sep 1;13(5):689-711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacl.2019.08.003 Share with a friend. Rate, Review, and Subscribe to MedEvidence! Articles to be notified when new episodes are released. Follow us on Social Media: Facebook Instagram Twitter LinkedIn Tiktok Youtube For more great content, including discussions by physicians and clinical research experts, check out the MedEvidence! Podcast and MedEvidence.com Thank you for listening!

  3. Sep 14

    Clearing the Air Around Brain Fog

    In this week's episode, we take a peek into the murky, hazy world of brain fog. This condition/syndrome/symptom is vague and nonspecific, and occurs alongside a wide variety of otherwise unrelated medical problems, which makes it hard to categorize. We look at what brain fog is, what might be going on inside the skull, and possible treatments. References: Denno P, Hampshire A. Defining Brain Fog-A Transdiagnostic Narrative Review. European Psychiatry. 2025 Apr;68(S1):S602-3. https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2025.1226 Denno P, Zhao S, Husain M, Hampshire A. Defining brain fog across medical conditions. Trends in Neurosciences. 2025 May 1;48(5):330-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2025.01.003 Theoharides TC, Stewart JM, Hatziagelaki E, Kolaitis G. Brain “fog,” inflammation and obesity: key aspects of neuropsychiatric disorders improved by luteolin. Frontiers in neuroscience. 2015 Jul 3;9:225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2015.00225 Theoharides TC, Cholevas C, Polyzoidis K, Politis A. Long‐COVID syndrome‐associated brain fog and chemofog: Luteolin to the rescue. Biofactors. 2021 Mar;47(2):232-41. https://doi.org/10.1002/biof.1726 Share with a friend. Rate, Review, and Subscribe to MedEvidence! Articles to be notified when new episodes are released. Follow us on Social Media: Facebook Instagram Twitter LinkedIn Tiktok Youtube For more great content, including discussions by physicians and clinical research experts, check out the MedEvidence! Podcast and MedEvidence.com Thank you for listening!

  4. Sep 7

    The Unexpected Benefits of Being Observed

    In this week's episode, written by guest writer Daniel Benton, we explore the Hawthorne Effect. This the phenomenon that people tend to do better in research studies just by being observed. We look into what this effect is, how it works, and how it makes clinical research trials beneficial to every participants simply by being observed. References: Sommer R. The Hawthorne dogma. Psychological Bulletin [Internet]. 1968 Dec 1 [cited 2026 July 21];70(6, Pt.1):592–5. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232457651_the_hawthorne_dogma Mayo E. The Human Problems of an Industrial Civilization. Nature. 1933 Aug;134(3380):201–1.  Menezes P. Trial effect: the road from efficacy to effectiveness. Clinical Investigation [Internet]. 2012 May [cited 2026 July 21];2(5):443–5. Available from: https://www.ovid.com/journals/clni/abstract/10.4155/cli.12.34~trial-effect-the-road-from-efficacy-to-effectiveness Brody T. Chapter 7 - Placebo Arm as Part of Clinical Trial Design. In: Clinical Trials (Second Edition) [Internet]. Second Edition. Boston: Academic Press; 2016. p. 155–72. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128042175000072 Hróbjartsson A, Gøtzsche PC. Is the Placebo Powerless? New England Journal of Medicine [Internet]. 2001 May 24 [cited 2026 July 21];344(21):1594–602. Available from: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM200105243442106 Braunholtz DA, Edwards SJL, Lilford RJ. Are randomized clinical trials good for us (in the short term)? Evidence for a “trial effect.” Journal of Clinical Epidemiology [Internet]. 2001 Feb 19 [cited 2026 July 21];54(3):217–24. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/s089543560000305x  Guo Y, Yang W, Lin C, Wu H, Li Z, Jiao R, et al. Placebo response on the weight change and its influencing factors in overweight or obesity with or without diabetes: a meta-analysis of 182 anti-obesity medications trials. Communications Medicine [Internet]. 2026 June 5 [cited 2026 July 21];. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s43856-026-01659-7 Cizza G, Piaggi P, Rother KI, Csako G. Hawthorne Effect with Transient Behavioral and Biochemical Changes in a Randomized Controlled Sleep Extension Trial of Chronically Short-Sleeping Obese Adults: Implications for the Design and Interpretation of Clinical Studies. Penzel T, editor. PLoS ONE. 2014 Aug 20;9(8):e104176.  Li Y, Liu W, Yu G. Dancing in Shackles: The Double-Edged Sword Effect of Felt Accountability on Work Outcomes and Individual Wellbeing. Frontiers in Psychology. 2022 June 10;13. Share with a friend. Rate, Review, and Subscribe to MedEvidence! Articles to be notified when new episodes are released. Follow us on Social Media: Facebook Instagram Twitter LinkedIn Tiktok Youtube For more great content, including discussions by physicians and clinical research experts, check out the MedEvidence! Podcast and MedEvidence.com Thank you for listening!

  5. Aug 31

    When Your Bladder Can’t Take the Pressure

    In this week's episode, we look at the prevalence, pathophysiology, and progress towards a solution to urinary incontinence. We review what urinary incontinence is, look at the different types of incontinence, and explore what happens in the body that makes it tough to prevent leakage. Then we finish by looking at treatment options for those who suffer with the condition. References: Aoki Y, Brown HW, Brubaker L, Cornu JN, Daly JO, Cartwright R. Urinary incontinence in women. Nature reviews Disease primers. 2017 Jul 6;3(1):17042. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2017.42 Marieb EN, Hoehn K. Human anatomy & physiology. [11th Edition]. [Hoboken, New Jersey]: Pearson; [2019]. p. 1003-1007 Pan J, Liang E, Cai Q, Zhang D, Wang J, Feng Y, Yang X, Yang Y, Tian W, Quan C, Han R. Progress in studies on pathological changes and future treatment strategies of obesity-associated female stress urinary incontinence: a narrative review. Translational andrology and urology. 2021 Jan;10(1):494. https://tau.amegroups.org/article/view/60334/html Long T, Cheng B, Zhang K. Abdominal obesity as assessed by anthropometric measures associates with urinary incontinence in females: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2018. BMC women's health. 2024 Apr 2;24(1):212. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-024-03059-2 Wing RR, Creasman JM, West DS, Richter HE, Myers D, Burgio KL, Franklin F, Gorin AA, Vittinghoff E, Macer J, Kusek JW. Improving urinary incontinence in overweight and obese women through modest weight loss. Obstetrics and gynecology. 2010 Aug;116(2 Pt 1):284. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181e8fb60 Subak LL, Wing R, West DS, Franklin F, Vittinghoff E, Creasman JM, Richter HE, Myers D, Burgio KL, Gorin AA, Macer J. Weight loss to treat urinary incontinence in overweight and obese women. New England Journal of Medicine. 2009 Jan 29;360(5):481-90. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0806375 Share with a friend. Rate, Review, and Subscribe to MedEvidence! Articles to be notified when new episodes are released. Follow us on Social Media: Facebook Instagram Twitter LinkedIn Tiktok Youtube For more great content, including discussions by physicians and clinical research experts, check out the MedEvidence! Podcast and MedEvidence.com Thank you for listening!

  6. Aug 24

    Is Low Testosterone Baked Into Aging?

    In this week's episode, we explore the world of hypogonadism, which typically manifests as low testosterone. We look at what testosterone is, the role it plays in the body, and what happens when testosterone is low. We then explore some common reasons for low testosterone and treatments that are available, as well as what's coming on the horizon. References: Anawalt BD, O’Connor KM, Grossmann M. Adult male hypogonadism: a review. JAMA. 2026 Jun 23;335(24):2146-59. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2026.8526 Carman W. The prevalence, incidence, and treatment rates of hypogonadism in men across geographies: a systematic literature review. Value in Health. 2013 Jan 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2013.03.315 Mulligan T, Frick MF, Zuraw QC, Stemhagen A, McWhirter C. Prevalence of hypogonadism in males aged at least 45 years: the HIM study. International journal of clinical practice. 2006 Jul;60(7):762-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.00992.x Davidiuk AJ, Broderick GA. Adult-onset hypogonadism: evaluation and role of testosterone replacement therapy. Translational andrology and urology. 2016 Dec;5(6):824. https://doi.org/10.21037/tau.2016.09.02 Bhasin S, Brito JP, Cunningham GR, Hayes FJ, Hodis HN, Matsumoto AM, Snyder PJ, Swerdloff RS, Wu FC, Yialamas MA. Testosterone therapy in men with hypogonadism: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2018 May;103(5):1715-44. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2018-00229 Marieb EN, Hoehn K. Human anatomy & physiology. [11th Edition]. [Hoboken, New Jersey]: Pearson; [2019]. p. 601-641, 1060. Jones TH, Dobs AS, Randeva H, Moore W, Parkin JM. Leflutrozole in male obesity-associated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: Ph 2b double-blind randomised controlled trial. European journal of endocrinology. 2023 Sep;189(3):297-308. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejendo/lvad099 Wu F, Zitzmann M, Heiselman D, Donatucci C, Knorr J, Patel AB, Kinchen K. Demographic and clinical correlates of patient-reported improvement in sex drive, erectile function, and energy with testosterone solution 2%. The journal of sexual medicine. 2016 Aug;13(8):1212-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.05.010 Hussain A, Gilloteaux J. The human testes: estrogen and ageing outlooks. Translational Research in Anatomy. 2020 Sep 1;20:100073. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tria.2020.100073 Gurayah AA, Dullea A, Weber A, Masterson JM, Khodamoradi K, Mohamed AI, Ramasamy R. Long vs short acting testosterone treatments: a look at the risks. Urology. 2023 Feb 1;172:5-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2022.11.016 Jones T, Dobs A, MacKinnon A, Parkin J. OR18-4 Beneficial Effect on Sperm Production of Leflutrozole in Men with Obesity-Associated Secondary Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism: Results from a Phase II Study. Journal of the Endocrine Society. 2019 Apr;3(Supplement_1):OR18-4. https://doi.org/10.1210/js.2019-OR18-4 Share with a friend. Rate, Review, and Subscribe to MedEvidence! Articles to be notified when new episodes are released. Follow us on Social Media: Facebook Instagram Twitter LinkedIn Tiktok Youtube For more great content, including discussions by physicians and clinical research experts, check out the MedEvidence! Podcast and MedEvidence.com Thank you for listening!

About

Welcome to MedEvidence Articles, where we encourage community research and education with weekly articles. Our articles review the history, risks, symptoms, complications, and treatments of diseases with a healthy dose of humor. Visit our website at MedEvidence.com. MedEvidence helps answer the question of “Who can you trust?” for medical information. The MedEvidence platform provides valuable information about many medical issues and the insights of evidence-based medicine. MedEvidence educates audiences through engaging and entertaining magazines, podcasts, videos, articles, and presentations. We strive to bring together diverse voices of top-level medical professionals, researchers, and experts to provide unique and engaging content that uncovers The Truth Behind The Data.

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