PEM CHATT

Toni Dobson

A peer-to-peer educational podcast about pediatric emergency medicine.  Hosted by Toni Dobson, DNP, APRN, FNP-C, ENP-C, RNC-OB, a Nurse Practitioner at Children's at Erlanger Emergency Department and Erlanger’s Obstetric Emergency Department.

  1. 1d ago

    23 | Delivering Difficult News with Cory Edgar, DMSc, PA-C

    23 | Delivering Difficult News with Cory Edgar, DMSc, PA-C Host: Toni Dobson Guest: Corey Edgar DMSc, PA-C 🩺 — oncology and bone marrow transplant clinician, born and raised in Florida, whose doctoral work focused on delivering difficult messages 📝 Episode Summary Delivering bad news is not a "soft skill" — it is a core clinical skill that can be learned, practiced, and improved. In this episode, Toni sits down with Corey Edgar to walk through the SPIKES protocol, a structured framework for difficult conversations. Corey breaks down each step with practical ED examples, explains why the warning shot and the pause matter so much, and reminds us that bad news is not only cancer or death. Anything that changes a patient's or family's anticipated future counts — which means most of us deliver bad news on every shift. 🔑 Key Takeaways 💪 Communication is a learnable skill. Practice it and let others watch and give you feedback. 🎯 "Warning shot, then be quiet." If you remember one thing, remember this. ⏳ Silence will feel longer than it is. Five seconds of quiet with emotional tension feels like forever — give your patient that space anyway. 🛑 When emotion rises, the information download stops. The visit and the engagement continue, but the data dump does not. 🤔 Not knowing everything is okay. Name what is known, what is unknown, and what comes next. 🧩 Bad news is defined by the recipient, not by us. A new type 1 diabetes or celiac diagnosis may be very manageable medically, but it still changes a family's anticipated future. ⏰ Timestamps 00:00 — Intro 00:16 — Meet Corey Edgar 00:36 — Why "soft skills" are actually core clinical skills 01:05 — The data: malpractice, satisfaction, adherence, and outcomes 01:56 — Communication as a learnable skill and an introduction to SPIKES 02:22 — S: Setting 02:54 — P: Perception 04:06 — I: Invitation 05:30 — SPIKES as a procedure: the prep work 05:51 — K: Knowledge and the warning shot 06:56 — Example: the abdominal pain case 07:48 — The power of the pause 09:03 — E: Emotion and empathy 10:30 — S: Summary and strategy — naming uncertainty 11:38 — Toni's "too calm" story and the missed warning shot 12:00 — "Warning shot, then be quiet" 12:32 — What counts as bad news 13:29 — Wrap-up 13:38 — Disclaimer ⚖️ Disclaimer Any opinions expressed on today's podcast are solely those of the speaker and do not reflect the opinions or policies of any employer or hospital system. In many states, advanced practice providers work collaboratively with physicians. Always consult your physician leader when appropriate. Any cases discussed on this podcast have been de-identified, and details have been changed or omitted to protect patient privacy. Some cases may also represent composites of our clinical experiences, and any resemblance to a specific individual beyond the educational context is unintentional. This podcast was designed for medical education purposes only. Its speakers have made every effort to provide the most current and evidence-based information. However, that should never replace one's own effort to validate current evidence-based practice before implementing a plan of care. Any pathway or algorithm that we may have discussed may not reflect those of your healthcare system. Please be aware that there may be changes based on your geographic location or current employer site. This podcast was not designed in any way to provide medical advice or treatment plans for patients and their families. If you have a medical concern or an emergency, please be seen by a local medical provider or call 911 for assistance.

    23 | Delivering Difficult News with Cory Edgar, DMSc, PA-C
  2. 4d ago

    22 | Rapid Recognition and Management of SCAPE (flash pulmonary edema) in the ED with Brandi Ganatra, DNP, AGACNP-BC

    🎙️ PEM CHATT Podcast: SCAPE (Sympathetic Crashing Acute Pulmonary Edema) 📍 Special Adult EM Edition, Live from the AAENP Conference in Nashville, Tennessee 🎧 Host: Toni Dobson 🩺 Guest: Brandy Ganatra, DNP, AGACNP-BC, an acute care/ICU nurse practitioner who now works in emergency medicine in Nebraska ⏱️ Runtime: About 6 minutes 📝 Episode Summary In this special adult emergency medicine edition of PEM CHATT, Toni talks with Brandy Ganatra at the AAENP conference about SCAPE, or sympathetic crashing acute pulmonary edema. This is the patient many of us learned to call "flash pulmonary edema." Brandy covers the pathophysiology behind the newer name, how to recognize these patients quickly, why high-dose nitroglycerin is the mainstay of treatment, and why early, aggressive management in the ED can turn a crashing patient around in minutes. 🔑 Key Takeaways 🫁 What Is SCAPE? SCAPE is sympathetic crashing acute pulmonary edema, the presentation many clinicians know as "flash pulmonary edema." The term is fairly new. Cardiology often calls it acute decompensated heart failure, but critical care and ED literature increasingly use "SCAPE." The name points to the pathophysiology, and the pathophysiology points to the treatment. Think bigger than "the lungs are full of fluid." ⚡ The Pathophysiology A sympathetic surge causes marked peripheral vasoconstriction and a sharp rise in systemic vascular resistance (SVR), which is the afterload the left ventricle has to pump against. The core need is afterload reduction. 🚨 Recognition: What Does It Look Like? Extremely tachypneic and tachycardic Profoundly hypertensive Hypoxic and tripoding, with severe respiratory distress Pink, frothy sputum from acute pulmonary congestion Onset is sudden. "It happens in an instant." Common history: heart failure or hypertension, sometimes with missed medications 💊 Management: High-Dose Nitroglycerin + Non-Invasive Ventilation 💊 Nitroglycerin is the mainstay of therapy. Lower doses mostly cause venous dilation, which is why nitro is used for angina and ischemia. SCAPE calls for high doses. Brandy starts IV nitro at 100 mcg/min and may titrate up to 400 mcg/min. One sublingual nitro tablet is roughly equal to 80 mcg/min, which puts the IV dosing in perspective. "It's not as scary as we think." Nitro has a short half-life (about 2–5 minutes). Titrate down instead of turning the drip on and off. 😮‍💨 Support breathing at the same time. Use non-invasive ventilation (CPAP/BiPAP) for the high work of breathing, with the goal of avoiding intubation. 🔀 Do things in parallel, not one at a time. We like our ABCs, but here several interventions need to start together. 📋 A practical sequence: Give sublingual nitroglycerin. While you do that, set up non-invasive ventilation. While you do that, prepare to start IV nitroglycerin, then titrate. With timely afterload reduction, restored cardiac output, and breathing support, these patients can turn around in 15–20 minutes. 🔄 💎 Final Pearls 👀 Recognize it early, monitor closely, and treat aggressively. Timing and the right management are critical. 🤝 Teamwork is essential. 🚫 Don't get stuck on diagnostics. Don't wait for a chest X-ray to confirm it. Put the POCUS probe on 🔍 and look for volume overload. 💪 Act quickly and with confidence. Current literature supports high-dose nitroglycerin as safe and effective in the ED. ⏰ Episode Timestamps [00:00] Intro: special adult EM edition from the AAENP conference [00:18] Meet guest Brandy Ganatra [00:39] What is SCAPE, and why the new name? [01:28] How bedside management has changed: getting comfortable with high-dose nitro [02:41] Recognition: what these patients look like [03:17] Nitroglycerin dosing: low vs. high dose, starting at 100 mcg/min [04:00] Nitro safety: short half-life, and sublingual compared with IV [04:50] Turning patients around in 15–20 minutes [05:12] Take-home points: teamwork, POCUS, and acting with confidence [05:44] Closing and disclaimer ⚖️ Disclaimer Any opinions expressed on today's podcast are solely those of the speaker and do not reflect the opinions or policies of any employer or hospital system. In many states, advanced practice providers work collaboratively with physicians. One should always be careful to consult with their physician leader when appropriate. Any cases discussed on this podcast have been de-identified, and details have been changed or omitted to protect patient privacy. Some cases may also represent composites of our clinical experiences, and any resemblance to a specific individual beyond the educational context is unintentional. This podcast was designed for medical education purposes only. Its speakers have made every effort to provide the most current and evidence-based information. However, that should never replace one's own effort to validate current evidence-based practice before implementing a plan of care. Any pathway or algorithm that we may discuss may not reflect those of your healthcare system. Please be aware that there may be changes based on your geographic location or current employer site. This podcast was not designed in any way to provide medical advice or treatment plans for patients and their families. If you have a medical concern or an emergency, please be seen by a local medical provider or call 911 for assistance.

    22 | Rapid Recognition and Management of SCAPE (flash pulmonary edema) in the ED with Brandi Ganatra, DNP, AGACNP-BC
  3. Apr 15

    21 | Submersion Injuries with Dr Sarah Lazarus

    21 | Submersion Injuries with Dr. Sarah Lazarus In this episode of PEM CHATT, host Toni Dobson is joined by pediatric emergency physician Dr. Sarah Lazarus to break down the critical topic of pediatric drowning and submersion injuries. Together, they explore real-world clinical scenarios, debunk common myths, and provide practical guidance for both clinicians and caregivers. Drowning remains one of the leading causes of death in children, particularly ages 1–4, and even non-fatal events can result in devastating long-term consequences. This episode emphasizes both clinical management and prevention strategies—highlighting how quickly these events occur and how often they happen despite close supervision.   🔑 Key Takeaways Drowning is fast and silent Often occurs in seconds with little to no splashing or noise Terminology matters “Dry drowning” and “secondary drowning” are outdated and misleading Pathophysiology is respiratory Water aspiration → surfactant washout → impaired gas exchange → hypoxia Observation is critical True aspiration events should be monitored for ~6 hours from the time of incident Imaging isn’t always helpful Chest X-rays can lead to unnecessary admissions without changing outcomes Management is symptom-driven Asymptomatic → observe Symptomatic → oxygen support, VBG, imaging, admission Cardiac arrest cases are severe Focus on oxygenation, ventilation, rewarming, and consider ECMO early Prevention requires layers No single strategy (including swim lessons) is sufficient ⚠️ Clinical Pearls Drowning is an evolving process, not a single moment event Patients should be observed for 6 hours after the event Symptoms appearing days later are NOT due to drowning Pediatric arrests are often respiratory in origin → prioritize ventilation Antibiotics and steroids are not routinely indicated Most toddler submersion injuries do NOT require C-spine immobilization 🧠 Myth Busting “Dry drowning” isn’t real. This term originated from outdated medical concepts but is no longer used. If a child had a true submersion injury, symptoms will present within 6 hours—not days later. 🛟 Prevention Insights Use “arms reach, eyes reach” supervision Perform a home swim test (can the child swim 2 pool lengths?) Understand that: Swim lessons ≠ drowning proof Life jackets ≠ guaranteed safety Drowning prevention requires multiple overlapping layers of safety Resources and references: Brenner’s article: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19255386/ CHOA Algorithm: https://www.choa.org/-/media/Files/Childrens/medical-professionals/clinical-practice-guidelines/submersion-event-ed.pdf NEJM Article: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1013317#figures_media Timeline 00:00 Welcome to PEM CHATT 00:19 Why Drowning Matters 01:12 Meet Dr. Sarah Lazarus 02:14 Bread Pudding is my favorite 03:34 Drowning Terminology 04:38 Who Is Most at Risk 06:08 Silent Drowning Explained 09:15 Systemic Effects Checklist 11:03 Fresh vs Salt vs Cold 11:46 Three Patient Categories 12:36 Case One Asymptomatic Kid 14:12 Avoiding Unneeded X-Rays 16:12 Case Two Symptomatic Infant 18:40 Imaging and Labs Strategy 18:58 When to Skip Antibiotics 20:02 Arrest Scenario Walkthrough 20:30 Resuscitation Priorities And ECMO 21:54 When Resuscitation Is Futile 22:40 C-Spine Immobilization Debate 23:24 Drowning CPR Starts with Breaths 25:29 Injury Prevention Work and Stats 27:14 Layers of Drowning Prevention 30:01 Dry Drowning Myth Busting 33:16 Key Pearls and Closing

    21 | Submersion Injuries with Dr Sarah Lazarus
  4. Mar 6

    20 | Rewind: Preparing for the Return of Vaccine Preventable Illnesses with Dr. Meg Wang

    In this “Rewind” episode, Toni sits down with retired pediatrician Dr. Margaret “Meg” Wang, who trained and practiced through the pre-vaccine and early-vaccine eras of pediatrics, including the 1989–1990 measles epidemic in New York City. Together, they walk us through what pediatrics looked like before Hib, pneumococcal, varicella, and rotavirus vaccines and what we might face again as vaccination rates fall and herd immunity wanes. You’ll hear vivid, frontline stories of: Hib meningitis, occult bacteremia, and epiglottitis in infants and toddlers, when full sepsis workups (blood, urine, CSF, IV antibiotics, 72-hr admissions) were standard for many febrile children through 36 months of age. “Old-school” periorbital and buccal cellulitis from Hib—bright red with a violaceous hue, toxic kids, high fevers, and automatic LP + admission. Measles in an actual epidemic: the prodrome with the “three Cs” (cough, coryza, conjunctivitis), Koplik spots, and that classic confluent, head-to-toe rash, plus why measles is not a mild illness. Varicella beyond the “nuisance rash”: super-itchy multi-stage lesions, serious skin infections, and a child who developed Staph aureus bacteremia and tricuspid valve endocarditis requiring open-heart surgery—all from chickenpox in an unvaccinated child. Rotavirus winters: the green, watery, diaper-filling diarrhea, relentless fluid losses, metabolic acidosis, hypoglycemia in infants, and frequent admissions—versus the near-disappearance of severe rotavirus disease after the vaccine. Clinically, Toni and Dr. Wang dig into: How fever protocols for 0–36 month-olds have evolved from routine full sepsis workups to today’s more nuanced approach with viral testing and inflammatory markers like CRP and procalcitonin. Bedside pattern recognition for epiglottitis (toxic, drooling, tripod positioning, chin thrust, neck extension) and why you never upset these kids or put a tongue blade in their mouth—just get them upright and straight to controlled intubation with anesthesia. The role of parental gut instinct and why “this is not my kid” should always make you pause and reassess. 🔑 Key Takeaways: Vaccines didn’t just reduce visit volumes; they completely changed inpatient and ED workflows, procedure rates (LPs!), and long-term morbidity (e.g., deafness after meningitis). As coverage declines, we won’t just see “more fevers”—we’ll see sicker kids, more invasive procedures, more admissions, and more preventable complications. Your vaccine counseling today is part of preventing tomorrow’s “Rewind” from becoming reality again. 📌 Call to Action: Hit play, then share this episode with a colleague, resident, or trainee who has never seen these diseases and thinks of measles or chickenpox as “mild.” Their future patients are counting on it. 💉🧠

    20 | Rewind: Preparing for the Return of Vaccine Preventable Illnesses with Dr. Meg Wang
  5. Jan 6

    18 | Febrile Neonate with Dr Lindsay McHale

    In this episode of PEM CHATT, the focus is on febrile neonates, the first part of a two-part series on pediatric fever management. Host Toni speaks with Dr. Lindsay McHale, a pediatric emergency medicine physician, to discuss how historical protocols for managing febrile neonates have evolved with advances in vaccines, PCR testing, and maternal surveillance. The discussion covers the 2021 AAP guidelines for managing febrile neonates, the essential components of a fever workup, interpretation of test results, and the nuances of decision-making across neonatal age groups. Practical insights on performing lumbar punctures, antibiotic selection, and interpreting potentially confounding results, such as bloody CSF taps, are shared, along with real-life case examples that illustrate the complexities involved. The conversation aims to equip clinicians with an evidence-based approach to improve patient outcomes in various clinical settings. #PEM #NP #APP #PA #pediatrics #emergencymedicine #emergencynursepractitioner #fellowship #medicaleducation #podcast #children #nursepractitioner #clinicalpharmacists #febrileneonate #sickbabies #lumbarpuncture 00:00 Introduction to Febrile Neonates 00:57 Historical Management of Febrile Neonates 01:25 Advancements in Medicine and New Guidelines 02:23 Introducing Dr. Lindsay McHale 03:56 Defining Febrile Neonates 04:54 Managing Febrile Neonates in the ER 05:51 Cold Babies and Controversies 07:45 Treating Fever in Neonates 09:06 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria for Febrile Neonate Protocol 10:27 Why Neonates Are High-Risk 11:40 Code 60: Rapid Response for Febrile Neonates 12:30 Hypothetical Case Study: Febrile Neonate 14:24 Parental Concerns and Communication 19:57 Detailed Workup and Testing 23:27 Antibiotic Choices for Neonates 25:13 Dosing Nuances in Neonatal Antibiotics 26:49 Tips for Performing Lumbar Punctures 30:25 Interpreting Test Results in Neonates 32:46 AAP Sepsis Protocol for Neonates 40:06 Managing Febrile Infants: Case Studies 44:18 Conclusion and Next Episode Preview   LINKS: AAP Guideline https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/148/2/e2021052228/179783/Evaluation-and-Management-of-Well-Appearing?autologincheck=redirected CHOP Algorithm https://www.chop.edu/clinical-pathway/febrile-infant-emergent-evaluation-clinical-pathway THE MISFITS  https://drive.google.com/file/d/1gpUsQOxMlbuqI-6hBDcZEF5ckpJWhWWb/view?usp=sharing

  6. 12/04/2025

    17 | Essential Medications in the Peds ED with Maggie Raker PharmD and Morgan Padron PharmD

    🩺 Essential Medications in Pediatric Emergency Medicine - In-Depth Discussion with Clinical Pharmacists, Mager Raker and Morgan Padron 💊 In this episode of PEM CHATT 🎙️, host Toni Dobson is joined by clinical pharmacists Maggie and Morgan to delve into the key medications used in pediatric emergency medicine 🏥. They cover a wide range of topics, from proper medication dosing and pain control 💉 to antiemetics for nausea 😷, asthma management 🫁, and safe sedation practices 😴. The discussion also includes practical tips for advanced practice providers working in both community hospitals and pediatric-focused facilities 👩‍⚕️👨‍⚕️. Listeners will gain insights into common pitfalls in pediatric prescribing 🚫, the importance of proper dosing ⚖️, and strategies to effectively use medications like Tylenol, ibuprofen, Zofran, morphine, fentanyl, Decadron, and others 💊. The episode aims to enhance the confidence and skills of healthcare providers in caring for young patients 👶👧🧒. The show concludes with a look ahead to the next episode, which will focus on the febrile neonate workup 🍼. 00:00 Introduction to Pediatric Emergency Medicine 00:42 Meet the Hosts and Guests 02:08 Common Pitfalls in Pediatric Prescribing 03:51 Basics of Antipyretics: Tylenol and Ibuprofen 10:03 Anti-Emetic Medications: Zofran and Alternatives 21:19 Pain Control Strategies in Pediatric ER 26:42 Pediatric Dosing and Medication Caps 28:06 Fentanyl: Usage and Administration 29:26 Intranasal Medication Techniques 31:30 Pain Management in Pediatric Emergencies 34:58 Enemas for Constipation Relief 40:00 Asthma Management in Pediatric Patients 48:18 Sedation Techniques in Pediatric Care 52:00 Conclusion and Final Thoughts

    17 | Essential Medications in the Peds ED with Maggie Raker PharmD and Morgan Padron PharmD
  7. 11/06/2025

    16 | Easy to Miss OB Emergencies in the ED (ACOG Initiative) with Dayna Jaynstein PA

    🎉 In this special 1-year anniversary episode of PEM CHATT, host Toni Dobson reflects on the podcast’s growth and welcomes guest Dayna Jaynstein, PA, to discuss the critical topic of maternal mortality. Together, they explore why the U.S. has the highest maternal mortality rate among developed countries, highlight the unique risks for Black and Native women, and introduce ACOG’s new initiative to help non-OB providers recognize and manage OB emergencies. The episode covers key warning signs, the importance of asking about current pregnancy status and delivery within the last year, and practical algorithms for managing cardiovascular and hypertensive emergencies in pregnant and postpartum women. Listeners are encouraged to use these resources, advocate for patients, and share knowledge to help prevent maternal deaths. Link to ACOG website with algorithms: ACOG.org/obemergencies ⏰ Timeline: 0:00 – Welcome & 1-year anniversary celebration 2:00 – Podcast journey & gratitude to listeners 5:00 – Guest introduction: Dana Jane Dean, PA 7:00 – Maternal mortality stats & disparities 10:00 – ACOG’s new initiative explained 15:00 – Key questions for providers & identifying at-risk patients 20:00 – Cardiovascular emergencies in pregnancy 25:00 – Hypertensive emergencies & management tips 30:00 – Eclampsia, preeclampsia, and medication guidance 35:00 – Family-centered care & advocating for moms 40:00 – Resources, final thoughts, and next episode preview

    16 | Easy to Miss OB Emergencies in the ED (ACOG Initiative) with Dayna Jaynstein PA
5
out of 5
12 Ratings

About

A peer-to-peer educational podcast about pediatric emergency medicine.  Hosted by Toni Dobson, DNP, APRN, FNP-C, ENP-C, RNC-OB, a Nurse Practitioner at Children's at Erlanger Emergency Department and Erlanger’s Obstetric Emergency Department.