Subversive

Phil Carter

Subversive is a podcast dedicated to sharing stories from the best consumer subscription apps in the world. We'll bring you lessons for how to grow your consumer subscription business, including insights and inflection points that led to exponential growth from leaders at category-defining companies and innovative startups.

  1. How StudyFetch Used Creator-Led Growth to Hit $10M+ ARR in 3 Years

    4d ago

    How StudyFetch Used Creator-Led Growth to Hit $10M+ ARR in 3 Years

    Esan Durrani is the cofounder and CEO of StudyFetch, an AI-native learning platform used by more than 7 million students worldwide. Esan launched StudyFetch in 2023 with his cofounder and childhood friend Ryan Trattner to build an AI tutor that helps students truly learn rather than shortcut their way to easy answers, ultimately earning both of them Forbes 30 Under 30 awards in the education category. The company has raised $11.5M from Owl Ventures and College Board, partnered with NVIDIA and the White House on K-12 AI education, and recently launched Honen, an agentic learning platform for enterprise workforce development. Before StudyFetch, Esan was a serious drummer who played in more than 500 live performances. Key Takeaways After trying several other startup ideas with his cofounder and childhood friend Ryan Trattner, including an AI-powered essay writing tool that they ultimately scrapped because they felt like it was helping students cheat, Esan and Ryan founded StudyFetch in September 2023 as an AI-powered platform to truly help students learn.Unlike other AI learning tools like ChatGPT, as well as a previous era of EdTech platforms like Chegg and CourseHero, StudyFetch intentionally does not give students easy answers. Instead, it provides students with highly personalized learning tools including an AI-powered tutor as well as study plans, flashcards, quizzes, and practice tests that are all calibrated to a student’s specific course materials and their understanding of those materials.Not only do 92% of active StudyFetch users report earning higher grades while reducing their average study time by 30%, but multiple case studies have shown that StudyFetch most benefits students with learning differences, which helps raise the lowest grades in a class and compress the achievement gap experienced by underperforming students.One key to StudyFetch’s growth has been their student creator program, where the company has used an “army of accounts” strategy partnering with hundreds of TikTok and Instagram microinfluencers to generate 150+ short-form videos per day, ultimately driving over 2 billion social media views and helping StudyFetch scale to over 7 million registered students.Recently, StudyFetch announced the launch of Honen, its new B2B skillbuilding platform that aims to help companies more efficiently and effectively train their workforce. StudyFetch has partnered with NVIDIA on Honen to get 250k+ high schoolers on a path to AI literacy.Esan Durrani StudyFetch Website: https://www.studyfetch.com/Honen Website: https://honen.com/LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/esan-durrani-576b611b4/X: https://x.com/esandurraniPhil Carter Website: https://www.philgcarter.comSubstack: https://philgcarter.substack.comLinkedIn: https://linkedin.com/in/philgcarterX: https://x.com/philgcarterPodcast Production by Podders: https://podders.io/

    51 min
  2. How Wabi is Building “YouTube for Software” with a Platform for Creating Mini Apps

    May 28

    How Wabi is Building “YouTube for Software” with a Platform for Creating Mini Apps

    Eugenia Kuyda is the founder and CEO of Wabi, an AI-powered personal software platform that lets anyone create, share, and remix mini apps in minutes. Before Wabi, Eugenia founded Replika, one of the world’s first AI companion apps, which she grew to 40M+ users over the course of a decade. A native of Moscow, Eugenia began her career as a journalist before pivoting to tech and founding the YC-backed startup Luka in 2014, which ultimately pivoted into Replika. She holds a Master’s in Journalism from MGIMO and an MBA in Finance from London Business School, and has spent the past decade building consumer products at the intersection of AI and human connection. Key Takeaways After Eugenia unexpectedly lost her dear friend, Roman Mazurenko, to a hit-and-run in November 2015, she gathered thousands of text messages, fed them into a neural network, and built a chatbot that replicated his personality. This deeply personal project became the inspiration for Replika, one of the world’s first AI companions.Replika experienced immediate product/market fit, launching to a waitlist of 1.5 million people. Over the course of a decade, Eugenia and her team grew Replika to over 40 million users, helping people overcome loneliness, depression, anxiety, and recovery from breakups, divorces, and abusive relationships.Recently, Eugenia decided to launch a new AI startup called Wabi that aims to usher in the era of personal software with a platform that allows anyone to create their own mini apps in minutes with nothing but a simple prompt. Users can also follow other creators and “remix” their creations into mini apps that meet their own unique needs.While Wabi is extremely flexible in what it allows users to create, its platform offers a secure environment and standardized UI/UX elements that help overcome the pitfalls faced by many vibe-coded apps built by non-developers who don’t have the technical expertise required to ensure a high-quality finished product.While Eugenia has many ideas for how to grow Wabi through viral word of mouth and ultimately monetize the platform - including revenue sharing agreements for successful creators - she is keeping her team laser-focused on retention right now, given it is all that matters until they’ve demonstrated strong product/market fit.Eugenia Kuyda Website: https://wabi.ai/Ted Talk: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-w4JrIxFZRALinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/eugenia-kuyda-638a8a1b/X: https://x.com/ekuydaPhil Carter Website: https://www.philgcarter.comSubstack: https://philgcarter.substack.comLinkedIn: https://linkedin.com/in/philgcarterX: https://x.com/philgcarterPodcast Production by Podders: https://podders.io/

    56 min
  3. How Cal AI Hit $50M ARR in 2 Years by Nailing Product/Channel Fit on TikTok

    May 14

    How Cal AI Hit $50M ARR in 2 Years by Nailing Product/Channel Fit on TikTok

    Daniel Heintzman is Head of Product at Cal AI, an AI-powered calorie tracking app that grew to over $50M ARR in under two years before being acquired by MyFitnessPal in December 2025. Before Cal AI, Daniel was a product designer with stints at Facebook's Growth team, Robinhood, and Mailchimp, and was later a Designer in Residence at early-stage product fund Chapter One. He started his career as a software engineer at BlackBerry and studied engineering at the University of Waterloo. Daniel also writes about product design and consumer apps on Medium. Key Takeaways Cal AI was launched in May 2024 by two high school students, Zach Yadegari and Henry Langmack, after they spent just a couple months building the initial MVP of the app, which was simple enough to fit on a few core screens.From the beginning, they realized distribution would be the bottleneck, so they built the app to be easily understandable within a 10-second TikTok video. This led to super strong product/channel fit and was a key to rapid exponential growth.Cal AI went all-in on a creator-first growth strategy, partnering with hundreds of fitness influencers on TikTok to generate millions of impressions. After gaining momentum, the company expanded into traditional paid ads and then affiliate marketing, using these channels to expand their reach and double down on their best-performing creator-generated content.Later on, Cal AI added features like streaks, milestones, and progress photos that served as viral artifacts, leading to even more viral organic growth through both offline word of mouth and online posts on social media platforms.In less than two years, Cal AI achieved $50M+ in ARR and was acquired by MyFitnessPal in late 2025, not only because of their rapid topline growth but also because their complimentary product positioning and customer base made them an especially attractive acquisition target.Daniel Heintzman Website: https://www.calai.app/Portfolio: https://danielheintzman.com/LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/danielheintzman/X: https://x.com/heintzmandanielPhil Carter Website: https://www.philgcarter.comSubstack: philgcarter.substack.comLinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/philgcarterX: x.com/philgcarterPodcast Production by Podders: https://podders.io/

    52 min
  4. How Suno Grew to $300M in ARR by Democratizing Music Creation

    Apr 30

    How Suno Grew to $300M in ARR by Democratizing Music Creation

    Mikey Shulman is the cofounder and CEO of Suno, an AI music generation platform that allows anyone to create full songs with lyrics, vocals, and instrumentation from a simple text prompt. Prior to founding Suno, Mikey was the first machine learning hire and Head of Machine Learning at Kensho, an AI company acquired by S&P Global for over $500 million. He holds a Ph.D. in Physics from Harvard University, a degree in applied physics from Columbia University, and is a lifelong hobbyist musician. Key Takeaways While working together at another AI company called Kensho, Mikey and a few colleagues who also loved music would often jam after work to blow off steam. Eventually, they decided to combine their AI knowledge and their passion for music into a new startup, with the goal of using AI to help people make music.This started with the release of an open-source, text-to-audio model called Bark in April 2023, as well as subsequent product iteration on Discord, both of which helped validate the company’s vision and provide valuable customer feedback.By charging users from the very beginning, Mikey and his cofounders were able to ensure that the product they were building was valuable, and that the feedback they were receiving was from credible users who were genuinely interested in not only using Suno, but paying for it to support a viable business.After launching Suno’s web app in December 2023, the product spread virally through word of mouth. AI-generated songs proved to be the perfect viral artifact, because music naturally lends itself to riffing and remixes. This viral loop drove Suno to 2M subscribers and $300M in ARR over the course of just two years.Suno recently released v5.5, its most powerful model yet. This also included the launch of features like Voices, Custom Models, and My Taste, all of which help creators generate music that is more powerful and more personalized than ever.Suno has faced lawsuits from industry incumbents similar to previous music technology companies like Napster and Spotify. However, the company has already made progress settling these lawsuits on favorable terms, including a recent partnership with Warner Music Group to enable licensed AI models. Ultimately, Mikey doesn’t believe it’s a zero sum game, and hopes that Suno can expand the industry by democratizing music creation for the masses.Mikey Shulman Website: https://suno.com/LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/mikeyshulman/X: https://x.com/mikeyshulmanPhil Carter Website: philgcarter.comSubstack: philgcarter.substack.comLinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/philgcarterX: x.com/philgcarterPodcast Production by Podders: https://podders.io/

    51 min
  5. How Discord Completely Redesigned its Mobile Apps

    Apr 16

    How Discord Completely Redesigned its Mobile Apps

    Francesco Polizzi is the former Head of Core Experience at Discord, where he led a complete overhaul of the company’s mobile apps. He has also held roles as the Head of Product at both Outschool and Photomath (acquired by Google in 2023), and served as a PM at Dropbox and a growth engineer at Mozilla earlier in his career. Francesco recently left his role as a product executive to start his own stealth AI startup. Key Takeaways When Francesco first joined Discord in late 2021, the company had a thriving community of avid gamers, but it was struggling to expand to a broader, more mainstream audience because new users tended to find the product confusing.After product-driven growth efforts began to demonstrate diminishing returns, Francesco and his team realized they needed to more fundamentally redesign the company’s mobile apps to expand their appeal and make them more accessible to new users who felt overwhelmed by Discord’s complexity.For inspiration, Francesco and his team downloaded every single messaging app they could find, compiled best practices, and cross-referenced these ideas vs. feedback from Discord users to identify high-potential opportunities.This led to a wholesale redesign of Discord’s iPhone and Android apps, including:A voice messaging feature that increased overall message volumeA username change that increased the success rate of outbound friend requests by making it easier to find a friend by their usernameAn update to the profile tab that increased customization, paving the way for additional monetization opportunities through Discord’s Nitro and Nitro Basic premium subscription plans, as well as ad hoc purchasesUltimately, these changes simplified Discord’s mobile apps, improved the new user experience, fixed a couple important bugs, and accelerated revenue growthFrancesco Polizzi: Website: https://discord.com/LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/francescostl/X: https://x.com/FrancescostlPhil Carter: Website: https://www.philgcarter.com/Substack: philgcarter.substack.comLinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/philgcarterX: x.com/philgcarterPodcast Production by Podders: https://podders.io/

    55 min
  6. How ElevenLabs is Building Consumer Apps on its $11B Voice AI Platform

    Apr 2

    How ElevenLabs is Building Consumer Apps on its $11B Voice AI Platform

    Jack McDermott is a growth lead at ElevenLabs, where he leads growth for its mobile products — including the ElevenLabs app and ElevenReader, a consumer app built on top of the company’s cutting-edge voice AI platform. Prior to ElevenLabs, he led growth teams at Chegg, where he focused on the company’s skills growth and product during a period of rapid change as AI began reshaping the education category. He started his career in growth at Panorama Education (YC’13). Jack has developed a strong perspective on building and scaling AI-native products, particularly at the intersection of core product, growth, and monetization. Key Takeaways After being founded in April 2022 and launched in January 2023, ElevenLabs has rapidly grown into one of the largest and most successful AI companies in the world with a Voice AI platform that has already been widely adopted by individuals and companies around the world.While the company’s core business is an AI platform, it has started to launch vertical apps on top of this foundation, including the ElevenLabs app for creators who want to use ElevenLabs APIs to generate content and the ElevenReader app for consumers who want to consume audio content with custom voices.After the company launched ElevenReader in June 2024, Jack and his team initially found traction through bottoms-up marketing tactics on platforms like Reddit and Discord that were great for attracting enthusiastic early adopters. Once the company got traction, it turned to more scalable channels like TikTok, where it gained rapid adoption among readers in BookTok communities.Partnerships have also played a key role in ElevenReader’s growth story. The company did a massive partnership with Melania Trump tied to her new memoir called “Melania,” using ElevenLabs APIs to translate the book into dozens of languages that made it more accessible around the globe.More recently, Jack and his team have been experimenting with different approaches to subscription pricing and packaging across both the ElevenLabs and ElevenReader apps. Importantly, they have learned that the optimal monetization strategies look very different across these two products, as well as for users making purchase decisions in their native mobile apps vs. on the web.Jack McDermott: Website: https://elevenreader.io/Blog: https://elevenlabs.io/blog/authors/jack-mcdermottLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jackrmcdermott/X: https://x.com/JackmcPhil Carter: Website: https://www.philgcarter.com/Substack: philgcarter.substack.comLinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/philgcarterX: x.com/philgcarterPodcast Production by Podders: https://podders.io/

    53 min
  7. Insights from RevenueCat’s 2026 State of Subscription Apps Report

    Mar 19

    Insights from RevenueCat’s 2026 State of Subscription Apps Report

    Rik Haandrikman is the VP of Growth at RevenueCat, the world’s largest SaaS platform for subscription apps that need help powering in-app purchases, managing customer data, and growing revenue. Prior to joining RevenueCat in 2022, Rik held growth leadership roles at Bitrise and Divitel, and also founded his own eCommerce company called Gimmerce that leveraged printing technology to allow for rapid, cheap, and scalable personalization of products to target niche groups of consumers. Key Takeways Subscription apps are becoming a "winner-take-most market,” with the top 10% of apps growing >300% YoY vs. the median only growing 5% YoY.AI has driven a 7x increase in new app launches from 2022 - 2026, but apps launched before 2020 still generate 69% of all revenue.AI apps generate 41% more revenue per payer but churn 30% faster, highlighting that many of these apps are still figuring out retention.80-90% of trial starts and half of conversions now happen on Day 0, which means that new user onboarding flows are more important than ever.Hard paywalls convert 5x better vs. freemium (10.7% vs. 2.1% install to paid), but after one year, retention rates look nearly identical.North America continues to be king, with metrics like D60 RPI and Y1 RLTV ranging from 2.5 - 5x higher vs. the worst-performing regions.Rik Haandrikman: RevenueCat Website: https://www.revenuecat.com2026 SOSA Report: https://www.revenuecat.com/state-of-subscription-apps/LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/hhaandrikman/X: https://x.com/HHaandrPhil Carter: Website: https://www.philgcarter.com/Substack: philgcarter.substack.comLinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/philgcarterX: x.com/philgcarterPodcast Production by Podders: https://podders.io/

    54 min
  8. How SuperMe is Building the Professional Network for the AI Era

    Mar 5

    How SuperMe is Building the Professional Network for the AI Era

    Casey Winters is the cofounder and CEO of SuperMe, an AI-native company that is designed to be the professional network for the AI era by connecting users with AI avatars of professional thought leaders. He is also one of the most respected and influential growth leaders in technology, having previously held product and growth leadership roles at Eventbrite, Pinterest, and GrubHub, as well as advised dozens of high-growth tech companies like AirBnB, Canva, and Faire. On the side, Casey is also a teacher, content contributor, and guest speaker for Reforge, and an investor as part of Harry Stebbings’ 20Growth fund. Key Takeaways After starting his career at Apartments.com in 2005, Casey had immediate success but was told he was an odd “product and marketing hybrid” who needed to pick a lane. But Casey wanted to keep working at the intersection of product and marketing, so he decided to join GrubHub as their first growth hire in 2008.Over the last two decades, Casey helped define the emerging growth profession, holding product and growth leadership roles at Pinterest and Eventbrite, serving as a Growth Advisor in Residence at Greylock, and advising category-leading tech companies like AirBnB, Reddit, Thumbtack, Canva, Figma, and Faire.In April 2024, Casey teamed up with former Pinterest colleague Ludo Antonov to cofound SuperMe, which is building the professional network for the AI era with a platform that ingests blog posts, podcasts, and other content from top experts to build AI avatars capable of providing highly specialized knowledge and expertise.Casey and Ludo have built SuperMe as an AI native startup from the beginning. This means everyone they hire is expected to operate like an engineer, with the ability to contribute directly to the codebase. It has also had profound implications on their product development process, which looks significantly different than a traditional SaaS startup given how rapidly LLMs are evolving.AI is not only changing how technology products are built but how they grow. One of the growth loops Casey is most excited about is embedding SuperMe into other AI products, so that its AI avatars can automatically be called as “tools” when users have questions that these avatars are uniquely positioned to answer.SuperMe’s competitive advantage vs. ChatGPT and Claude is based on quality over quantity. By curating knowledge from the top 1% of experts in each field, and continuously improving responses based on feedback loops between its AI avatars and users, Casey believes that SuperMe can deliver significantly better results vs. horizontal LLMs that base their responses on lower quality inputs.Casey Winters Website: https://www.superme.ai/Blog: https://www.caseyaccidental.com/LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/caseywinters/X: https://x.com/onecaseman?lang=enPhil Carter Website: www.philgcarter.comSubstack: philgcarter.substack.comLinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/philgcarterX: x.com/philgcarterPodcast Production by Podders: https://podders.io/

    1h 6m
5
out of 5
12 Ratings

About

Subversive is a podcast dedicated to sharing stories from the best consumer subscription apps in the world. We'll bring you lessons for how to grow your consumer subscription business, including insights and inflection points that led to exponential growth from leaders at category-defining companies and innovative startups.

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