The story of Bartolomé de Las Casas, regarded by some as the first human rights defender and the wider efforts to end the Spanish exploitation of the Indigenous People of Americas. Episode Icon: AlejandroLinaresGarcia, "Fray Bartolomé de las Casas" by Felix Parra (1845-1919) done in 1875 on display at the Museo Nacional de Arte in Mexico City, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-S.A. 4.0., https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ , By using this image, the creator does not endorse History House or its use, no changes have been made. Recommended further reading… Castro, Daniel, ‘Another Face of Empire: Bartolomé de Las Casas, Indigenous Rights, and Eclesiastical Imperialism’, (Durham, North Carolina, 2007). Clayton, A. Lawrence, ‘Bartolomé de Las Casas: A Biography’, (Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2012). de Las Casas, Bartolomé, ‘A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies’, (London, 2004, Reprint). Hanke, Lewis, ‘All Mankind is One: Study of the Disputation Between Bartolomé de Las Casas and Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda in 1550 on the Intellectual and Religious Capacity of the American Indians’, (DeKalb, Illinois, 1974). Hanke, Lewis, ‘Pope Paul III and the American Indians’, in ‘The Harvard Theological Review’, Vol. 30, No. 2 (Apr., 1937), pp. 65-102. Hanke, Lewis, ’The Spanish Struggle for Justice in the Conquest of Ameirca’, (Philadelphia, 1949). MacNutt, Francis Augustus, ‘Bartholomew de Las Casas; his life, apostolate, and writings’, (Cleveland, United States, 1909). Parker, Geoffrey, ‘Emperor: A New Life of Charles V’, (New Haven and London, 2020). Thomas, Hugh, ’The Golden Age: The Spanish Empire of Charles V, (London, 2011). Thomas, Hugh, ‘Rivers of Gold: The Rise of the Spanish Empire’, (London, 2010). van Deusen, Nancy E. ‘Why Indigenous Slavery Continued in Spanish America after the New Laws of 1542’, in ‘The Americas’, Vol. 80 No. 3, (2023), pp. 395-432. Nahuatl Reading of Florentine Codex, 21:12-26:08. English Reading of Florentine Codex, 26:09-28:42. Break audio: ‘Song of Summoning’ by Lost Harmonies from PremiumBeat.com (Purchased with Standard License on the 25/01/2026). Ending and closing theme, 'Classical Orchestral Dvorak Serenade Waltz Strings Music, provided by mrgwertz on https://www.pond5.com (Purchased with license on the 01/06/2024).