The Longer Version:In part of our interview that didn’t make the final edit, we spoke to Prabha in greater depth about a word that comes up a lot when talking about AI: reasoning. It’s a word with very human connotations. We talk about behaving reasonably and reaching reasonable conclusions. But what does it mean when we’re talking about machines? His answer was closely related to his argument about AI’s plurality. And if it sounds familiar, it may be because it echoes a point that UAlbany atmospheric scientist Kara Sulia made last fall when we discussed AI’s ability to transform how we understand the weather. AI’s great power, she said, stems not just from its ability to look deeply inside datasets but across them to help us make sense of a wider, more complex world.. Here’s what Prabha had to say: JCE: The word reasoning comes up a lot. It’s a term that most people, until lately as AI has entered the popular conversation, consider a very human thing. I’m a reasonable person. I look at the information before me and I come to a reasonable conclusion. But what does it mean in the context of AI? What is the machine actually doing? BP: I want to flip it around and ask you why you said, “I'm a reasonable person.” Why are you not saying I'm a good person or a bad person? Why are you saying I'm a reasonable person? JCE: Good and bad seems more subjective to me. When I say I'm a reasonable person, I say I've looked at the information before me and I've come to a conclusion that is defensible based on that information. Is it the right conclusion? It might be. Is it the wrong conclusion? It might be. But is it a reasonable conclusion? That’s a different question to me — as a word person. BP: So that is the gray area. You are unsure whether that's a correct conclusion or a wrong conclusion, but based on the data, based on the information that you have, based on the prior experience you have, you think you have arrived at a reasonable conclusion. That is something that the computers were not doing before AI because it was binary. It was one or zero, it was yes or no, it was true or false. Whereas now, when you have millions of records, now you reason through it and come up with a conclusion just like a human conclusion. And there is a probability associated with it; there is a confidence level based on this data, based on the amount of training. When I say the algorithm, the machine learning algorithm, has 90 percent confidence that this is the correct interpretation of the data, it is actually mimicking the real world, the way we look at the real world — the way we try to analyze and understand the world and derive conclusions, derive interpretations or make decisions. JCE: The computers we have now and the computers that we're building now for the future can be trained on, and inference based on, billions of pieces of data —orders of magnitude that are difficult for regular people with non-mathematics degrees to really understand. Is that where AI derives its power from? The fact that it can reason based on enormous datasets? BP: Yes and no. You're talking about data as one thing. Because data is like numbers, like database records of citizens and students and whatever. But you also have images, you have video, you have audio, you have gesture and movements, you have the sensor data and other things. So again, data is not one thing. Now the power of AI — yes, it comes from data, but it also comes from the ability to integrate these multiple sources of data and then reason through that information. Go deeperTo read more of Prabha’s thinking on the plurality of AI, check out his essay on the subject in the first issue of the AI Plus Institute’s Hallucinations magazine. Lean more about the AI Plus Institute at UAlbany. UAlbany biologist Morgan Sammons also touched on the curiosity that distinguishes humans from machines in our conversation last fall about the frontiers of brain-inspired computing. Since then, UAlbany has hired four new faculty members in neuroscience, computer hardware engineering and mathematics who will focus on the intersection of neuromorphic and quantum computing. Episode creditsAudio editing and production by Scott Freedman Photos by Patrick DodsonHosted and written by Jordan Carleo-Evangelist The Short Version is produced by the Office of Communications and Marketing at the University at Albany, which is part of the State University of New York. Comments, ideas, suggestions? Send them to mediarelations@albany.edu and be sure to put The Short Version in the subject line.