Linguacade Advanced Deep Dive

Jason Garner

Deep Dive Masterclasses: Go beyond the free episodes. For just £4/month, get exclusive explanations of every bolded phrase to transform your English expression. Includes full transcripts for all levels. Listen free at https://linguacade.com.

Episodes

  1. [PREVIEW] ADD 3 What a lens cap taught me about wilful blindness (C1)

    6d ago

    [PREVIEW] ADD 3 What a lens cap taught me about wilful blindness (C1)

    What on earth is a lens cap and how can a lens cap teach someone a lesson about wilful blindness? And what is ‘wilful blindness’? Welcome to this Deep Dive, which I confess is really rather left field. When I wrote the free episode about the discovery of the lost camcorder it was originally my intention to focus the Deep Dive on the nuances of the phrasal verbs in the transcript. But, the more I thought about the home videos and the effect they had on me, the more I realised that I just had to write something about a lens cap. In case you didn’t know, a lens cap is a small circular piece of plastic that clips snugly over the lens of single-lens reflex (SLR) cameras or camcorders and protects the lens from damage caused by scratches or dents. The lens is the circular glass optical device that focuses or disperses light beams through refraction; in other words it is the eye of the camera. You don’t see lens caps much these days because not many people use conventional still cameras and virtually nobody uses camcorders any more. The free podcast episode focuses on how the footage of eight years, from 2004 to 2012, taught me two powerful lessons: firstly, that precious moments are potentially around every corner and, secondly, that the duties that seem important in the moment, and that might prevent you from accessing and enjoying those precious moments, rarely turn out to matter in the grand scheme of things. By the way, the set phrase ‘in the grand scheme of things’ means ‘in the very long run’, ‘when all is said and done’ or ‘at the end of the day’. I particularly love the phrase ‘in the grand scheme of things’ because it’s quite eloquent and communicates the idea of life being part of a grand scheme or great plan which comprises all the little actions that people take in their everyday lives. I explained in the episode about the lost camcorder footage that my parents were often not great at getting around to doing certain things that involved friction or discomfort. There was something about the way they did life that affected their motivation to face, and deal with, technical tasks. If there was a certain amount of friction involved in solving a technical issue, they simply left it unsolved. I thought an awful lot about that when I was converting the home videos to MP4 files, because Dad’s choice not to confront that friction or convert those videos to watchable files himself meant that, if I hadn’t found the camera and done it myself, they would never ever have seen those precious memories. Curiously, this problem that my parents had with facing technical issues was also immortalised in the home videos themselves, namely in my mother’s inability to operate the camcorder properly. To be more specific, on many occasions when my mother had the camera in her hand, the footage began with a black screen and a perturbed voice saying, ‘Why is everything dark? What’s wrong with this camera?’, only for someone else to point out that the screen was dark because the lens cap had not been removed before Mum had pressed the record button. Now, this was amusing the first few times that I saw it, but it happened so many times in so many videos that I found myself becoming more than a little irked. What’s more, this was not the only technical hurdle that my mum faced. Almost without exception, the videos she shot were marred or partially ruined because she accidentally zoomed in on a target, without knowing what she’d done, and then complained bitterly that there was some problem with the camera because everything was ‘too big’, ‘too blurry’ and ‘out of focus’. Her frustration with herself was evident in the running commentary she gave while filming, and she seemed to think that the camera had some kind of personal vendetta against her.  You may recall that, in order to convert those home videos to files, I had to play them in real time, so I saw my mother hit the same technical hurdles again and again over the course of eight years. While I watched footage in which my mother was expressing intense frustration about the camera, I often asked myself, ‘Why didn’t she just stop recording and ask one of us what the problem was and how to solve it?’ We could have told her instantly that if she followed a simple, repeatable procedure when switching the camera on, she could have avoided filming several hours of unwatchable material. And if she had been even remotely interested in filming correctly and creating footage that was worth saving, she could have written down short instructions to herself on a piece of paper that could easily have been stored in the bag with the camcorder. These instructions could have been as simple as: (1) Remove the lens cap before filming. The lens cap is the grey plastic disc that covers the lens, (2) If the images look too big and blurry, the image is zoomed in too far. Zoom out by pushing the zoom lever to the left. The zoom lever is the grey lever on top of the camera.  This checklist could have been written in less than a minute, and Mum could have read it in fewer than ten seconds every time she was about to start filming. But she didn’t ask us for help or reminders and didn’t write anything down, and therefore didn’t learn anything about how to solve the problems. Believe me, after watching nearly twenty hours of footage playing back in real time, I was so frustrated with my mum’s apparent helplessness and inability to learn the basic functions of the camcorder that I could barely contain my irritation. On more than one occasion, I found myself yelling at the screen, ‘Yes, it’s dark because the lens cap is on. Take it off!’ She fell into the same hole again and again without learning anything at all about the camcorder, and the consequence of this was that a fair chunk of the footage was unusable.  At this point, you may be thinking, ‘Come on, Jason, give your parents a break.’ I agree. I am being overly harsh. But there is a reason for it. Watching my mother make the same technical mistakes again and again without learning triggered a kind of epiphany within me. Yes, I was angry and frustrated that she seemed not to care, but really, I was angry with myself for not learning similarly basic and easy things that would save me a huge amount of time in my own daily life if only I could be bothered to learn them. Watching my mother struggle only reminded me of my own issues with technical obstacles; in other words, I have exactly the same problem as my mother but in different areas, to which I choose to be blind.  I’m very interested in metacognition, which, in broad terms, means ‘thinking about thinking’. These days, whenever I feel intense emotion about something, I automatically stop mentally and think, ‘What emotions am I feeling and why? What is at the root of this feeling?’ This is now my standard modus operandi in life, and I must say that it has paid immense dividends. Allow me to explain how metacognition helped me understand the emotions I had about the lens cap and zoom function:  (1) I watched my mother struggle with apparent helplessness in dealing with a very simple technical problem. (2) I felt irritated and frustrated because her inability or unwillingness to solve the problem had consequences, in the undeniable fact that a lot of potentially good footage was ruined. (3) The root of this feeling was, in fact, discomfort: I felt profoundly uncomfortable because, watching my mother struggle with something that was easy to solve, inevitably made me think about areas in my life where I struggle with things that other people would probably consider easy to solve. (4) I struggle with those problems for exactly the same reason that my mother struggles with the camcorder: whether through laziness or a desire to protect my threatened ego, I simply can’t be bothered to dedicate any time or energy to solving them.  And there it is. I am very able to identify the areas where other people have weaknesses in solving problems or completing tasks, but not so able or willing to identify those areas in my own life. I’m too lazy or incapable to face the friction of dealing with them, even if not doing so has real and negative consequences for me. Why don’t I turn that critical eye back on myself and identify the areas where others may think I’m lazy or incapable? In order to redress the balance and demonstrate that I am willing to turn that critical eye back on myself, I would like to specify a couple of areas in my life where problems could be solved very easily and quickly but, for reasons which I will explain later, I choose not to think about them, so I simply live with the consequences.  First, until this year, I have never bothered to complete my online tax return until the last possible deadline. Is it difficult to complete an online tax return? No. Are the technical barriers to completing a tax return insurmountable? Also, no. However, the fact that I chose, year after year, not to bother doing my tax return until the eleventh hour meant that I wound up paying far more tax than I needed to. Effectively, my procrastination was giving the tax authorities (known as HMRC, or His Majesty’s Revenue and Customs) a free cash loan for a calendar year.  But it’s not just about finances. Last year, I started doing some basic decorating in our family home. Part of that decorating involved replacing the door handles on all the internal doors. I replaced about half of the handles in the house and then gave up with the project. Now, the door to my office, the door to the bathroom and the door to my bedroom are without handles. That’s right: for at least the last year, there have been no handles on any of these doors.  The lesson that I learned from watching my mother choose to struggle with the lens cap and the zoom function turned out to be a lesson on what I call ‘wilful blindness’. It

    5 min
  2. [PREVIEW] ADD 2 Creeping normality and frictionless distraction (C2)

    May 1

    [PREVIEW] ADD 2 Creeping normality and frictionless distraction (C2)

    Not so long ago, I was sitting in bed on a Saturday morning drinking a cup of tea and preparing mentally for the day. I looked over at my wife who, with phone in hand, was absentmindedly scrolling through her Instagram feed. I watched as she scrolled through ad after ad. I counted about 20 adverts, one after the other, before a single, solitary news update from one of her friends appeared. This was then followed by about another 20 adverts. She didn’t seem to be the least bit surprised or annoyed about this; the action of scrolling was completely automatic and the acceptance of the ads was subconscious and total. I don’t know why that particular Saturday morning was such a watershed for me, but somehow it changed me. A watershed is an event or a moment that marks a turning point in a person’s life. I sat there, mesmerised, watching my wife scrolling and scrolling. After a few minutes, she noticed that I was looking over her shoulder. She put the phone down on the bedside table and asked, ‘Is everything okay?’ Everything was not okay. I was angry. Not with her and not even with Instagram. I was angry with myself because I recognised that it could just as well have been me scrolling. I was angry about the fact that I allowed the creeping normality of frictionless distraction to invade my life so often. I was angry because somehow I found myself inviting and welcoming this junk into my reality, every single day. When I watched my wife scrolling I thought, ‘Why does she put up with this slop?’ Yet I was unable to turn that criticism against myself and do something about it in my own life. At the core of my anger was a sense of self-disgust and shame. It wasn’t as though I didn’t have any choice or agency in the matter. It’s not like I was forced to consume unwanted adverts against my will. Accepting that fact was what made me feel ashamed. How could I, a 52-year-old man, be such a slave to something that I didn’t even like? How could that be possible? Charles Dickens’s novel A Tale of Two Cities begins with the iconic phrase, ‘It was the best of times, it was the worst of times…’ It has become one of the most famous quotes of all time and is often used to communicate the idea of paradoxes, dualities and social contradictions.  I believe that this quote perfectly encapsulates the reality in which we currently live. The digital tools that we have at our fingertips are both wonderful and terrible. They are both the problem and the solution. In terms of access to knowledge and capacity for personal improvement through self-teaching, we live in the best of times. The speed at which we can obtain answers to any question or any problem is nothing short of astonishing. And yet, the speed at which we can access distracting, unhelpful, harmful and destructive content is nothing short of frightening. In this respect, we also live in the worst of times.  I have never woken up in the morning and said to myself, ‘Today, I’m looking forward to watching lots of adverts on social media for products I don’t want’. Likewise, I have never said to myself, ‘I can’t wait to fill my head with lots of short videos about horrific doomsday scenarios that will consume my thinking time and make me feel negative for the rest of the day’.  I have said that I consider it a privilege to be a Gen Xer. But the privilege only has value for me if I admit to myself that I have allowed the attention economy to invade my mind, my heart and my soul. Then, having admitted to myself that I have done this, I need to give myself a little space to grieve the lost time that I have willingly given to the ruthless and cynical corporate machines that have exploited my weaknesses to shove down my throat as much slop as I’m willing to swallow. And finally, I need to reset my mind so that I can - once and for all - stop consuming the digital junk and instead start using the good digital tools to grow and develop again. When considering technological developments, 2020 is already a relatively long time ago. It was the year that Netflix released the documentary The Social Dilemma. I remember watching it with a sense of shock and outrage. It was through this documentary that I learned how social media companies had created AI algorithms that were trained to teach themselves how to become better and better at feeding users what they wanted. These algorithms started developing and improving themselves exponentially and became extraordinarily complex. One of the general messages of The Social Dilemma was that the social media companies metaphorically shrugged their shoulders as these uncontrolled algorithms went rogue and started diabolically tailoring people’s feeds, using parameters of such complexity that the humans who had set them in motion no longer understood how they worked. But, if the end product was that more people were spending more of their time on social media, who cared? The breathtaking cynicism of this attitude shook me, back then when I first watched the documentary. I’m not a programmer or a coder but, even then, I understood that if my eyes paused even for a fraction of a second on an image or a video, or if I stopped scrolling momentarily to watch a piece of content, every tiny movement or pausing of my hand or eyes would be used to calculate a more addictive cocktail of content to present to me the next time I opened a social media app. I knew all this, and I still didn’t do anything about it.  But how did I reach this point of such apparent helplessness?  There’s an apologue about a frog which is very slowly boiled alive. The frog is placed into cold water, which is heated so slowly that the frog doesn’t notice the temperature increase until it’s killed by the heat. An apologue is a short allegorical story with exaggerated details, intended to serve as a vehicle for some moral point that is driven home by the teller. The boiling frog story is an apologue intended to demonstrate creeping normality: the very slow process through which something changes from being okay to being deadly, but in such a way that it continues to feel normal even when it is having catastrophic consequences on us. It turns out that the boiling frog story is largely untrue; modern experiments have shown that frogs have an internal warning system that will alert them to danger in such a way that they will always try to escape from water heated beyond a certain point. However, I don’t seem to have an internal warning system that kicks in when I expose myself to digital content that is, empirically, deadly in the long term. So, the premise that creeping normality can cause us humans to accept things that are actually destructive to us is most certainly true. When a person creeps, they move slowly and stealthily, in a way that is intended not to be noticed. When normality creeps, it changes slowly and stealthily in a way that goes unnoticed. The anger and self-disgust I felt when I was watching my wife scrolling on her phone was not simply shock at the realisation that I’d been so affected by creeping normality; it was the recognition that I’d watched The Social Dilemma five years previously and still not cared enough to change my habits. I knew about the algorithms and the strategies used by social media companies. I wasn’t slowly being boiled alive against my will. I was turning up the temperature myself. Arguably, this process started in 2007. ‘I have one particular memory of the moment when a family member persuaded me to join Facebook in 2007’. It was in 2007 that I made the first meaningful decision to sacrifice some of my time to the attention economy of Facebook. The idea of attention economics was first developed by the economist Herbert A. Simon in 1971, but it was not of particular interest to the general population until the mid 1990s. I have come to understand that when something is free, I am the product. If Facebook is free, it is because it intends to use me and my attention as a product. If I give 5% of my time each day to Facebook, then Facebook owns my attention for one hour and twenty minutes of my life each day.  That’s not how it seemed back in 2007. You see, in 2007 when I logged into Facebook on my desktop or laptop my feed only contained updates from my friends, with no ads. Let that sink in for a moment: When I went on Facebook in 2007 I saw no ads. When, much later, my wife Sue was scrolling through ads on Instagram, in bed on a Saturday morning, it was because a part of her still remembered a time when the feed only contained updates, content and photos from friends, without any ads. She lived with a small residual hope that something personal, that connected her to the online community of her friends, might appear. But it very rarely did.  Not only was Facebook free of ads in 2007, but my feed used to end with the phrase, ‘You’re all caught up’ when I had viewed all the available updates from my friends. That was it. The feed told me that there was nothing new to see. Can you imagine it? I actually had a reason to exit the app. Aza Raskin is widely credited as the inventor of infinite scroll, which is the function that enables you to continue scrolling forever without your feed ever coming to an end. In an interview for the newspaper The Times in 2019, Raskin apologised publicly for creating infinite scroll, saying, ‘I regret that I didn't think more about how this thing would be used’. I’m not sure that even he knew how it would be used. The combination of infinite scroll and ‘pull-to-refresh’ or ‘swipe-to-refresh’ in feeds has created an extremely addictive cocktail of functions whereby the possibility of seeing something that might be interesting keeps us scrolling or pulling down to refresh the feed mindlessly.  Apparently these functions of infinite scroll and pull-to-refresh became the norm in social media sometime in the early 2010s, and they

    5 min

About

Deep Dive Masterclasses: Go beyond the free episodes. For just £4/month, get exclusive explanations of every bolded phrase to transform your English expression. Includes full transcripts for all levels. Listen free at https://linguacade.com.