Dr. John Campbell

Campbellteaching

Hello Everyone, My name is John Campbell and I am a retired Nurse Teacher and former clinical nurse based in England. I also do some teaching in Asia and Africa when time permits. These videos are to help students to learn the background to all forms of health care. My PhD focused on the development of open learning resources for nurses nationally and internationally. LinkedIn profile, https://www.linkedin.com/in/dr-john-campbell-5256223b/ Twitter, https://twitter.com/Johnincarlisle Disclaimer; These media including videos, book, e book, articles, podcasts are not peer-reviewed. They should never replace individual clinical judgement from your own health care provider. No media-based material on this channel is suitable for using as professional medical advice. All comments are also for educational purposed only and must never replace advice from your own health care provider

  1. 39m ago

    Some permanent long covid

    Link to free download of John’s 2 textbooks. http://159.69.48.3/ (you may need to cut and paste this link into a brouser) Profiling post-COVID syndrome across different variants of SARS-CoV-2 https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.28.22278159v1 Across all variants Central neurological cluster of symptoms Cardiorespiratory cluster of symptoms Debilitating multi-organ systemic inflammatory symptoms Central neurological cluster of symptoms Anosmia / dysosmia Fatigue Brain-fog Depression Delirium Headache (Largest cluster in both alpha and delta variants, and the second largest for the wild-type variant) Consistent UK Biobank study SARS-CoV-2 is associated with changes in brain structure in UK Biobank https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04569-5?feature%5Bconsent-app%5D=1&optanonConsent=15 Reduction in grey matter thickness Tissue damage in primary olfactory cortex Reduction in global brain size Cardiorespiratory cluster of symptoms (Largest cluster in the wild-type period) Symptoms may reflect lung damage Dyspnoea Chest pain Fatigue Palpitations Consistent study from Medicine Clinical characteristics and outcomes of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8772621/ Post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis is a severe complication that leads to permanent lung damage or death. Debilitating multi-organ symptoms (Present in all variants) Systemic/inflammatory Abdominal symptoms Myalgias (muscle pain) Vaccination and long covid we did not observe evidence of qualitatively different symptom clustering in vaccinated vs. unvaccinated individuals, with either alpha or delta variants. Background It is now evident that post-COVID syndrome presents with heterogeneous profiles, need characterisation to enable personalised care Methods Prospective longitudinal cohort study N = 336,652 subjects (Covid Symptom Study) Tested positive Long-COVID = lasting longer than 28 days N = 1,459 with post-COVID syndrome (more than 12 weeks of symptoms) One in 230 symptomatic, test confirmed cases Clustering analysis, to identify distinct symptom profiles Across Variants of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination status at the time of infection Clusters were characterised Symptom prevalence Duration Demography Prior conditions (comorbidities) Findings We identified distinct profiles of symptoms for post-COVID syndrome Wild-type variant Four endotypes identified Alpha variant Seven endotypes Delta variant Five endotypes in vaccinated subjects Endotype a subtype of a disease condition, defined by a distinct pathophysiological mechanism Interpretation Our classification may be useful to understand distinct mechanisms of the post-COVID syndrome, as well as subgroups of individuals at risk of prolonged debilitation. Dr Claire Steves, clinical lead author, King's College London https://news.sky.com/story/three-types-of-long-covid-each-with-different-symptoms-researchers-say-12663531 These data show clearly that post-COVID syndrome is not just one condition, but appears to have at several subtypes. Understanding the root causes of these subtypes may help in finding treatment strategies. Moreover, these data emphasise the need for long COVID services to incorporate a personalised approach sensitive to the issues of each individual. Dr Liane Canas, author These insights could aid in the development of personalised diagnosis and treatment for these individuals Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  2. 8h ago

    WHO debate, UK parliament

    Sir John Redwood. Link to poorly attended UK Parliament debate on the International Health Regulations, Westminster Hall, Monday 18th December 2023, https://parliamentlive.tv/Event/Index/5e1f14d2-72b3-488f-a53c-fc94fee92dac Full transcript https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/2023-12-18/debates/945EBBB4-D052-4CF7-8109-B39FF7FF919D/InternationalHealthRegulations2005 I hope that the Minister will listen very carefully to the debate and the petitioners, because it would be a grave error were the Government to sign a treaty that gives away important powers over the future conduct of health policy. It is wrong to give to the WHO the sole power to decide when there is an emergency, and it is wrong to give away our powers of self-decision were such an emergency to be visited upon us. We are, of course, members of the WHO, and I think we all agree that we should continue to be members of the WHO. We should share our information; we should draw on its research, and it will draw on research and knowledge in this country, where there is much medical and pharmaceutical company expertise, and together, as collaborators, we may get to better answers in the future. However, it would be quite wrong to vest the power of decision in people so far away from our own country who are not in full knowledge of the local circumstances. Before any such power is vested in the WHO, there should be a proper inquiry and debate about how it performed over the course of the most recent covid pandemic. Why, for example, did the WHO seemingly concentrate on vaccines, rather than other methods of handling the problem? Why was there the delay or difficulty in testing existing drugs, which had already passed proper safety procedures and might have had beneficial or easing effects for those who got the condition? Why was more work not done on use of ultraviolet light behind the scenes in airflow systems, to clean up air when circulating? Why was more consideration not given to isolation hospitals and health centres, given that, unfortunately, quite a lot of the disease was spread through health premises. With the use of isolation, other healthcare could have continued during the course of covid treatment without so much cross-contamination within general hospitals. Why were there not recommendations and advice on isolation? Why was there not more careful consideration of whether it would be better to concentrate on ensuring that those who were most vulnerable were protected from the presence of the disease as much as possible, rather than trying to lock down whole populations and then having to make exemptions so that we could keep the lights on and some food could be delivered to people’s homes? There was something rather arbitrary about who was allowed to go to work and who was not. Why was more work not done by the WHO on cleaning up the data? We were given comparisons between countries, but when we looked beneath the data, we discovered that those countries were using very different definitions of what a covid death was. In individual countries, under the impact of the wave of the disease, there were often great difficulties in carrying out proper diagnosis of whether someone did have covid, or whether other medical problems that the person was suffering from were more likely to have caused the death. Some countries took a very tough line, saying that anybody with covid died of covid, even though they might have had lots of other conditions, so those countries had big figures, while other countries took a rather narrow view and said, “Well, this person was in their mid-80s and they were suffering from another a number of other conditions that might have led to the difficulties.” Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  3. 21h ago

    Zinc nutrition as we enter endemic phase

    Zinc and immune function: the biological basis of altered resistance to infection https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9701160/ Zinc is known to play a central role in the immune system and zinc-deficient persons experience increased susceptibility to a variety of pathogens It is clear that zinc affects multiple aspects of the immune system Zinc is crucial for normal development and function of cells mediating nonspecific immunity such as neutrophils and natural killer cells Zinc deficiency also affects development of acquired immunity, activation of T lymphocytes and B lymphocyte help B lymphocyte development and antibody production, particularly immunoglobulin G, is compromised The macrophage, is adversely affected by zinc deficiency Zinc is needed by these key immunologic mediators Basic cellular functions such as DNA replication RNA transcription, cell division, and cell activation https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01712/full Zinc deficiency results in altered numbers and dysfunction of all immune cells Suboptimal zinc states have an increased risk for infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer Risk groups for zinc deficiency Malnutrition Elderly and patients with various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases Mild zinc deficiency is largely sub-clinical, it is unnoticed in most people World Health Organization Assumes that at least one third of the world population is affected by zinc deficiency Zinc deficiency is responsible for 16% of all deep respiratory infections world-wide Supplementation, for which minimal to no side effects are known. Europe 10 to 20% zinc deficiency https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=es&u=https://www.phmk.es/i-d/suplementar-con-zinc-podria-reducir-la-mortalidad-en-el-paciente-de-covid-19&prev=search&pto=aue Zinc Protects the Human Body From Entering of the Virus Essential for tissue barriers equipped with cilia and mucus, anti-microbial peptides like lysozymes and interferons The expression of tight junction proteins was found to be zinc-dependent Mucociliar clearance of viruses is affected by zinc Physiological concentrations of zinc increase ciliary beat frequency Zinc-dependent alterations in gene expression by pneumocytes Associations with interferons Zinc Directly Inhibits Viral Replication Direct antiviral effects of zinc have been demonstrated E.g. coronaviridae, picornavirus, papilloma virus, metapneumovirus, rhinovirus, herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, respiratory syncytial virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the hepatitis C virus It was suggested that zinc can prevent fusion with the host membrane Decreases the viral polymerase function Blocks viral particle release Destabilizes the viral envelope Zinc Balances the Immune Response During Infectious Diseases Hyper-inflammation, immune products including pro-inflammatory cytokines Movement and over activation of immune cells to the lungs Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Need of zinc for lymphocyte development and function and that zinc supplementation can reverse lymphopenia Zinc is indispensable in the signal cascade of the T cell receptor and as a second messenger Zinc is required for B cell maturation and function Zinc Supplementation in Respiratory Infections A row of successful supplementation studies focusing on respiratory tract infection In most cases, prophylactic zinc supplementation was more effective than therapeutic proceedings Studies showed reduced symptom severity, reduced frequency, and duration of the common cold after zinc administration Zinc supplementation of children in developing countries Reduced pneumonia-specific morality by 15% and 19% of pneumonia morbidity by 19% Risk Groups and Symptoms of COVID-19 and Zinc Deficiency Reveal a Large Overlap Low serum zinc levels are regularly observe Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  4. 1d ago

    Covid optimism

    Right now there is no obvious replacement for the BA.5 variant, that is causing the current wave. This leaves open the real possibility that this could be the last significant wave this year, (or hopefully much longer). https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#variant-proportions BA.5 85.5% BA.4 7.7% BA.4.6 4.1 BA2.12.1 2.6% BA.2 0.1% BA.1s 0% BA. 2.75 not US listed US hospitalizations Down 3.8% on the week Known daily case counts, test positivity, hospitalizations slow downward trend US deaths https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#trends_dailydeaths_select_00 Last 7 days rolling average, 393 per day Dr. Fauci (81), Re. BA.5 https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2022/08/05/fauci-vaccine-covid-trouble/?utm_campaign=wp_to_your_health&utm_medium=email&utm_source=newsletter&wpisrc=nl_tyh If they don’t get vaccinated or they don’t get boosted, they’re going to get into trouble Wants to increase vaccination and booster rates, so the virus does not have, ample opportunity to freely circulate It is about you as an individual, but it’s also about the communal responsibility to get this outbreak under control (POTUS, fully vaccinated and double boosted) Weekly national Influenza and COVID-19 surveillance report https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1096288/Weekly_Flu_and_COVID-19_report_w31.pdf COVID-19 activity decreased Highest number of respiratory incidents, (mostly SARS-CoV-2) in care homes Influenza positivity, 0.5% RSV positivity up to 6.5% overall RSV positivity in under 5s, 22.2% Rhinovirus positivity, down to 8.4% Symptom tracker data https://health-study.joinzoe.com/data New cases per day, 145,740 Current prevalence, 2,858,159 UK official data https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk ONS latest https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/conditionsanddiseases/articles/coronaviruscovid19/latestinsights 3.86% in England (1 in 25 people) 3.58% in Wales (1 in 30 people) 5.98% in Northern Ireland (1 in 17) 4.95% in Scotland (1 in 20) Long covid, as of 2 July 2022 1.8 million people, (2.8% of the population) Of those, 81% experiencing long COVID symptoms at least 12 weeks 43% at least one year Antibodies 179ng/ml level and the 800ng/ml theshold Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  5. 1d ago

    Foodlike laboratory substances

    RFK and Gary Brecka https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sODZSAuxTTw The food that we're eating is not food anymore. It's a foodlike substance that was manufactured or created in laboratories. It is not nutrient-dense. It's nutrient anemic. And you're not releasing any GLP1. You're not getting any satiation. You're not nutrientdense. So your body's not saying, "Hey, I'm full. I'm satiated. I should stop eating." The tobacco companies, well, they would mimic the taste of things that are very appetizing. They would do it with chemical compounds. And they switched to doing that for food. The FDA was no longer serving the public interest or public health. It had ceased being a public health agency. First of all, the pharmaceutical companies are advertising products that are being paid for by the taxpayer and they advertise all these drugs on television. The person who's going to get the bill for that drug is my agency. We all should be on the side of the future of our children. Why do we have such a parabolic explosion in autism, learning disorders, ADD, ADHD, OCD, manic depression, bipolar, and why are these things affecting younger and younger ages? Health and Human Services. The biggest agency of government. It's twice the size of the Pentagon. It's got a 1.9 trillion budget. The irony of that is we spend more on healthcare in this country than any other country in the world per capita. And yet we have the worst health of any country in the world. We have the highest chronic disease burden on earth Chronic disease is the is the destination of most federal expenditures in terms of health care. we have a sick care system in our country and the aetiology ultimately of all that disease is corruption, and it's the capture of these agencies are the industries they're supposed to regulate, those industries the pharmaceutical industry and the medical cartel have transformed NIH CDC FDA and ultimately CMS which administers medic and Medicare into essentially sock puppets for the industry, and profit centers and they they've commoditized the American public and turned us all into patients. When my uncle was president, we spend zero on chronic disease in this country. Today, we spend 1.6 or 7 trillion dollars a year. It's about 90% of our healthcare budget. And we are we have the highest chronic disease burden of any country in the world. During Covid, we have the highest death rate of any country in the world. So, we is astounding. We had 16% of the CO deaths and we only have 4.2% of the world's population. We literally had the worst record of any country in the world. And it's a wonder that people are getting awards and recognition and kudos for managing covid whatever we were doing. It was utterly wrong. Haiti, if you remember at the beginning of the pandemic, we were told the poor countries of Africa are going to be devastated by this because they can't get a hold of the vaccines. Haiti is the poorest country in the hemisphere. It had a 1.3% vaccination rate. So, virtually nobody got a vaccine, right? They had a COVID rate of 14 deaths per million population. We had a death rate of 3,000 per million population. We had 200 times death rate of Haiti. We had 200 times death rate of Nigeria which had a 1.4% vaccination rate. There there was a direct inverse correlation between vitamin D saturation and covid mortality We're the only country in the world that has and in history of the world where obesity is al also correlated with malnutrition. because the food that we're eating is not food anymore. It's a foodlike substance and a lot of it was was manufactured or created in laboratories and that no longer, it is not nutrientdense it's nutrient anemic. I watched this happen because I was part of the tobacco litigation back in the late 1980s, and the tobacco companies at that point were the Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  6. 1d ago

    When to be exposed

    Decline in personal immunity https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mhra-statement-on-booster-doses-of-pfizer-and-astrazeneca-covid-19-vaccines Dr June Raine, MHRA Chief Executive We know that a person’s immunity may decline over time after their first vaccine course. I am pleased to confirm that the COVID-19 vaccines made by Pfizer and AstraZeneca can be used as safe and effective booster doses. It will now be for the JVCI to advise on whether booster jabs will be given and if so, which vaccines should be used. UK, Joint Committee for Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/uk-medicine-regulator-says-pfizer-astrazeneca-covid-19-shots-may-be-used-2021-09-09/ Discussing whether booster shots for the elderly and vulnerable are needed Could be end of September Final decision with UK government Monitoring Incidence of COVID-19 Cases, Hospitalizations, and Deaths, by Vaccination Status — 13 U.S. Jurisdictions, April 4–July 17, 2021 https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2021/09/10/moderna-most-effective-covid-vaccine-studies/ https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7037e1.htm?s_cid=mm7037e1_w https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/s0818-covid-19-booster-shots.html Based on our latest assessment, the current protection against severe disease, hospitalization, and death could diminish in the months ahead, especially among those who are at higher risk or were vaccinated during the earlier phases of the vaccination rollout. For that reason, we conclude that a booster shot will be needed to maximize vaccine-induced protection and prolong its durability. We are prepared to offer booster shots for all Americans beginning the week of September 20 and starting 8 months after an individual’s second dose. We also anticipate booster shots will likely be needed for people who received the Johnson & Johnson (J&J) vaccine. Pandemic Institute, Liverpool Seven authorities and institutions Some Innova funding https://www.theguardian.com/science/2021/sep/12/uk-vaccine-volunteers-to-help-prepare-for-next-virus-at-new-pandemic-institute Aims to prevent future pandemics Accelerating vaccine development Human challenge facility High containment facility outside hospital, which will speed up the process We could have had first wave trials Professor Daniela Ferreira, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine If vaccine candidates could have been tested during the first wave of infections, the jabs would have been ready months earlier Here in Liverpool I led one of the sites for phase 3 of the Oxford vaccine study We were able to set up really quickly. When the government implemented a national lockdown, the number of cases plummeted. We were expecting to have the vaccine study results in three months but it took much longer because there was less community transmission Building a database of diseases affecting animals trying to work out which might be most likely to jump the species barrier 1,500 species of bat alone Professor Matthew Baylis of Liverpool University What I hope is that in 10 years’ time, we’re able to be much more precise as to which species we need to be looking at, and actually look at some of those species to confirm our predictions it appears to have these properties, it could be transmitted this way, it could cause this type of disease Also, WHO Opened the Hub for Pandemic and Epidemic Intelligence in Berlin French government launched Prezode, an international initiative focusing on zoonotic diseases Rockefeller Foundation is creating a Pandemic Prevention Institute in the US Professor Baylis Intends to set up three hubs in east, west and southern Africa to work with local researchers Learning from Denmark https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/denmark-ends-covid-restrictions/2021/09/10/6d6a762e-1210-11ec-baca-86b144fc8a2d_story.html Since 11th March 2020, h Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

About

Hello Everyone, My name is John Campbell and I am a retired Nurse Teacher and former clinical nurse based in England. I also do some teaching in Asia and Africa when time permits. These videos are to help students to learn the background to all forms of health care. My PhD focused on the development of open learning resources for nurses nationally and internationally. LinkedIn profile, https://www.linkedin.com/in/dr-john-campbell-5256223b/ Twitter, https://twitter.com/Johnincarlisle Disclaimer; These media including videos, book, e book, articles, podcasts are not peer-reviewed. They should never replace individual clinical judgement from your own health care provider. No media-based material on this channel is suitable for using as professional medical advice. All comments are also for educational purposed only and must never replace advice from your own health care provider

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