Law Exchange

A. Fahrut

Law Exchange is a podcast where we interview the barristers, solicitors, academics and legal professionals about the questions that shape the law: how lawyers think, how the law works in practice, and where it's heading. Alongside the interviews, Law Exchange breaks down key legal principles and landmark cases in clear, concise episodes, from tort and contract to criminal and constitutional law. For students considering a career in law, and anyone curious about how the legal world really works.

  1. Oct 12

    Behind the Scenes in a Law Firm with Mary Miah | How to Think Like a Lawyer

    In the sixth episode of How to Think Like a Lawyer, Alexander is joined by Mary Miah, Head of Operations at MKK Solicitors, for a look behind the scenes at the business side of a law firm: the people, systems and decisions that keep a firm running. Mary explains how she joined MKK for a month to help with compliance and never left, bringing fifteen years of business experience from a background in media and marketing. She describes a role spanning finance, HR, recruitment, training, systems and compliance, from moving the firm into a single office to planning a new area of law, and why she sees operations as the invisible backbone that lets solicitors focus on the legal work. The conversation explores how Mary prioritises across so many areas, and why fixing the root cause of a problem beats firefighting the same issue every day. She also explains why running a legal practice and running a business need not pull against each other, because both come back to client care, empathy and professionalism. Mary then takes listeners inside compliance at an SRA-regulated firm, from keeping every case file complete on the Clio case management system to internal file reviews at the start and halfway point of every matter, regular audits, and proactive client updates while decisions are still pending. Alexander and Mary discuss what separates a firm that runs brilliantly from one that struggles, why leadership, communication and empowered staff matter more than systems alone, and how the way a firm treats its people shows up in how it treats its clients. A major focus of the episode is recruitment and apprenticeships. Mary explains why she hires for character and curiosity over what is on a CV, how MKK’s work experience initiative grew into taking on two apprentices on a six-year route, what an apprentice’s week looks like, and what separates apprentices who thrive. They also discuss the end of government funding for new Level 7 solicitor apprenticeships for those aged 22 and over, and whether apprenticeships are still seen as second-best to university. The interview then turns to technology and AI in legal practice. Mary explains why staff using ChatGPT rang alarm bells, how the firm moved to Vincent, a ring-fenced AI tool within Clio, and why AI should help lawyers work smarter but never replace the human touch. She also explains why new technology is only worth the investment if staff are properly trained to use it. Next, Mary shares what lawyers most often underestimate about running a firm, why law firms should be more proactive and front-facing, and how business-to-business relationships and memberships such as the West London Chamber of Commerce help a firm understand its place in the wider community. Finally, she explains why aspiring solicitors and barristers should understand the business side of law, why legal operations is a career path in its own right, from compliance to costs drafting and project management, and her advice to anyone entering the profession: find your niche, follow your passion and never be afraid to ask questions. Topics covered include: legal operations, law firm management, the business of law, compliance, the Solicitors Regulation Authority, case management, file reviews, client care, leadership, communication, HR, recruitment, apprenticeships, Level 7 solicitor apprenticeships, work experience, legal technology, AI in law, business development, networking, careers in law and alternative legal careers. How to Think Like a Lawyer — Episode 06: Behind the Scenes in a Law Firm with Mary Miah.

    Behind the Scenes in a Law Firm with Mary Miah | How to Think Like a Lawyer
  2. Sep 23

    What Happens in a Personal Injury Claim? with William O’Brien | How to Think Like a Lawyer

    In the fifth episode of How to Think Like a Lawyer, Alexander is joined by William O’Brien, Head of Personal Injury at Leap Legal Software, who has more than twenty years’ experience running personal injury claims as a solicitor and partner. Together they follow a claim from the moment someone is injured to the day compensation is agreed or awarded. William explains how lawyers decide whether a claim has reasonable prospects of success, meaning a better than fifty per cent chance of winning, and how they spot a potential claim using health and safety regulations for workplace accidents and the common law duty of care and the Highway Code for road traffic accidents. The conversation then turns to the whiplash reforms and the Official Injury Claim portal. William explains how removing the recovery of legal costs for low-value road traffic claims has squeezed solicitors’ margins, and why he believes this has had a dampening effect on access to justice. Alexander and William then connect theory to practice, looking at how duty, breach, causation and damage play out in real cases. William explains why causation is often the hardest element to prove, and how difficulty getting GP and hospital appointments since lockdown has made it harder still. He also explains why the most contemporaneous evidence is always the strongest, from medical records and accident reports to witness statements, and the role of medical experts and medico-legal reports. The interview looks at how claims differ across road traffic accidents, workplace accidents, catastrophic injury and clinical negligence, including the three-year limitation period and the letter of claim. William also explains how insurers and NHS Resolution investigate a claim, decide whether to admit or deny liability, and provide pre-action disclosure. Next, the conversation turns to settlement and trial: why William treats every case as if it could go to trial, how prospects are reassessed at each stage, why disputes over value can push a case into court, and how Part 36 offers encourage settlement. He also explains how lawyers value an injury using the Judicial College Guidelines, previous case law and a schedule of loss. William discusses what good client representation looks like, why informed consent is at the centre of everything, and the biggest misconception about personal injury damages in the UK compared with the United States. Drawing on his move into legal technology, William explains how AI can help lawyers manage risk and spot inconsistencies. He argues that AI won’t replace lawyers, but it will replace lawyers who don’t use it, and that the solicitor will always remain responsible for their work. Finally, William shares the skills employers look for in aspiring solicitors, his advice for anyone who has just been injured (preserve the evidence and be completely honest with your solicitor), and what he would tell himself when he started out as a paralegal. Topics covered include: personal injury law, negligence, causation, evidence, medical experts, medico-legal reports, whiplash reforms, the Official Injury Claim portal, access to justice, road traffic accidents, employer’s liability, clinical negligence, limitation periods, insurers, NHS Resolution, settlement, trial, Part 36 offers, the Judicial College Guidelines, compensation, fundamental dishonesty, client care, informed consent, legal technology, AI in law and careers as a solicitor. How to Think Like a Lawyer — Episode 05: What Happens in a Personal Injury Claim? with William O’Brien.

    What Happens in a Personal Injury Claim? with William O’Brien | How to Think Like a Lawyer
  3. Sep 12

    What Makes A Good Criminal Advocate? with Adriana Piletto | How to Think Like a Lawyer

    In the fourth episode of How to Think Like a Lawyer, Alexander is joined by Adriana Piletto, a student barrister with experience in mooting, mini-pupillages, legal advice clinics and judicial marshalling, for a conversation about what it really takes to become a good criminal advocate. Adriana explores the three qualities she believes are central to effective advocacy: preparation, communication and emotional intelligence. She explains why advocates need to understand the evidence and law inside out, anticipate arguments from the other side, and prepare for unexpected questions from judges and juries. The discussion also examines why preparation gives advocates the confidence to think on their feet when proceedings do not go according to plan. The conversation then explores the relationship between legal knowledge and persuasive communication. Adriana explains why knowing the law is only part of advocacy, and why advocates must also be able to communicate complex legal principles and evidence clearly to judges and juries. A major focus of the episode is thinking on your feet in criminal proceedings. Adriana discusses her observations of Crown Court cases, including situations where witnesses give unexpected answers, judges intervene, new arguments are raised, or evidence develops differently from what an advocate expected. She explains how preparation, adaptability and maintaining an overall strategy help advocates respond to unpredictable situations. The interview also examines what mooting, mini-pupillages and judicial marshalling can teach aspiring barristers about advocacy. Adriana reflects on observing both prosecution and defence work, and seeing how advocacy can differ between the Magistrates' Court and Crown Court. Alexander and Adriana then explore communication with clients, witnesses and non-lawyers. Drawing on Adriana's experience in a legal advice clinic, the conversation considers why lawyers need to adapt their communication style to the individual they are speaking to, particularly where there are language barriers or limited understanding of the law. The episode also addresses common misconceptions about criminal barristers and criminal defence. Adriana explains the distinction between representing a client and approving of their conduct, and discusses the advocate's role in presenting evidence and arguments, testing the prosecution's case and ensuring that the prosecution is put to proof. Adriana also discusses the importance of developing your own advocacy style. She reflects on the pressure students can feel to fit a particular image of what a barrister should look or sound like, and explains why authenticity is important. She also shares how mooting helped her develop confidence in turning legal research into persuasive oral argument. Finally, Adriana gives advice to aspiring barristers about work experience, rejection, confidence and stepping outside your comfort zone. She explains why students should put themselves forward for opportunities even when they feel nervous or uncertain, and why saying yes to new experiences can help build confidence and develop the skills needed for a career at the Bar. Topics covered include: criminal advocacy, advocacy skills, preparation, legal knowledge, persuasive communication, emotional intelligence, thinking on your feet, Crown Court advocacy, Magistrates' Court advocacy, prosecution and defence advocacy, cross-examination, mooting, mini-pupillages, judicial marshalling, legal advice clinics, client communication, criminal defence, the role of a barrister, legal representation, advocacy style, work experience, rejection, confidence and careers at the Bar. How to Think Like a Lawyer — Episode 04: What Makes a Good Criminal Advocate with Adriana Piletto.

    What Makes A Good Criminal Advocate? with Adriana Piletto | How to Think Like a Lawyer
  4. Sep 2

    What Makes a Human Right? with Aidan Ferrier | How to Think Like a Lawyer

    In the third episode of How to Think Like a Lawyer, Alexander is joined by Aidan Ferrier, a human rights and international law scholar, for a conversation about some of the hardest questions at the intersection of law, morality, philosophy and human rights: what makes a right a human right, can something be legal but morally wrong, and what should lawyers do when the law conflicts with their own beliefs? Aidan brings his experience studying Scots law, English law and international human rights law, including postgraduate study in the Netherlands, to explore how different legal systems can change the way we understand law. The conversation examines why international law requires lawyers to think beyond simply identifying a legal rule, taking into account politics, state behaviour, international relations and how countries actually operate. The interview then moves into human rights philosophy, exploring whether human rights are truly universal or whether they are better understood through a positivist approach — asking what rights people actually have access to and what rights are protected by governments, legislation and states. A major focus is the relationship between law and morality. Alexander and Aidan examine whether something can be completely legal while still being morally wrong, using historical examples to explore how legal systems change. They then consider what a lawyer should do when their own moral beliefs conflict with the law, and whether professional advocacy can be separated from personal morality. The conversation also explores conflicts between human rights, including the tension between freedom of expression, freedom of the press and the right to privacy. Aidan explains why courts often need to balance competing rights on a case-by-case basis. Alexander and Aidan then consider whether some human rights should never be limited, including the right to life, freedom from slavery and freedom from torture, before examining the relationship between democracy, public opinion and legal rights. They discuss whether the law should always reflect society's values or whether experts should sometimes influence complex legal and policy decisions. The interview then turns to Aidan's research into human rights and climate change. They explore the challenge of using an individual-focused area of law to address a collective global problem, discussing climate litigation, vulnerable groups and whether communities should be able to pursue environmental rights collectively. Aidan also considers what a new human right could look like, arguing for a fully justiciable right to a clean and healthy environment in the UK. The discussion examines what recognising such a right could mean in practice, including further human rights and climate litigation. Finally, the conversation addresses misconceptions surrounding human rights and the European Court of Human Rights in the UK. Aidan challenges the idea that international human rights protections are simply imposed on Britain from outside, discussing the UK's decision to participate in the European human rights system and its role in protecting rights. Topics covered include: human rights law, international law, legal philosophy, law and morality, human rights theory, positivism, natural law, Scots law, English law, the European Court of Human Rights, freedom of expression, freedom of the press, privacy, the right to life, freedom from torture, slavery, democracy, public opinion, climate change, environmental rights, climate litigation, the right to a clean and healthy environment, legal advocacy and the limits of law. How to Think Like a Lawyer — Episode 03: What Makes a Human Right? with Aidan Ferrier

    What Makes a Human Right? with Aidan Ferrier | How to Think Like a Lawyer
  5. Aug 30

    The Limits of International Law with Amna Haider | How to Think Like a Lawyer

    In the second episode of How to Think Like a Lawyer, Alexander is joined by Amna Haider, a human rights and international affairs expert, for a conversation about one of the biggest questions in international law: what happens when international law exists, but states choose not to follow it? Amna brings her experience studying international law, human rights and international affairs to explore the limits of the international legal system and the difficult relationship between legal rules, state practice, political power and international relations. The interview begins with the 2003 Iraq War, examining the controversial legal arguments surrounding the use of force, UN Security Council authorisation and the question of whether international law was followed. Amna explains why international law cannot simply be understood as a system that automatically stops states from acting, and explores the importance of political will, state power and the international community. Amna and Alexander then explore the relationship between international law and state practice, including how customary international law develops and why what states actually do can influence the evolution of legal norms. They also discuss opinio juris and the need for widespread and representative acceptance of a practice. The episode also examines international human rights law and humanitarian intervention, asking when a crisis inside one country becomes an international human rights concern and where the line should be drawn between protecting human rights and respecting state sovereignty. Amna discusses examples including Darfur, Kosovo and Libya, while considering how international interests and the visibility of a crisis can influence international action. The interview then moves beyond the battlefield to post-conflict international law. Amna discusses her research into jus post bellum — justice after war — and the legal questions that emerge when a conflict ends, including sovereignty, resources and occupation, as well as the extent to which an occupier can change the structure of a country’s government. She also explores post-conflict resource extraction, permanent sovereignty over natural resources and the tension between local ownership, international law and the liberal international order. The conversation considers how states might be encouraged to respect local ownership of natural resources, including through international relations, strategy, diplomacy, research and collaboration between markets and local communities. Finally, Amna considers a fundamental question for lawyers: what should a lawyer do when something appears morally wrong but international law does not clearly prohibit it? The discussion examines the role of lawyers as advocates and the difficult relationship between professional advocacy and personal morality. Topics covered include: international law, human rights law, international affairs, the Iraq War, UN Security Council authorisation, state practice, customary international law, opinio juris, humanitarian intervention, sovereignty, the Responsibility to Protect, jus post bellum, post-conflict law, natural resources, international relations, legal advocacy and the limits of international law. How to Think Like a Lawyer — Episode 02: The Limits of International Law with Amna Haider.

    The Limits of International Law with Amna Haider | How to Think Like a Lawyer
  6. Aug 27

    The Art of Legal Reasoning with James Piercy | How to Think Like a Lawyer

    In the first episode of How to Think Like a Lawyer, Alexander is joined by James Piercy for a conversation about what it really means to think, reason and argue like a lawyer. James Piercy is a legal professional and advocate with experience in debating, mooting and appearing before judges. In this episode, he shares insights drawn from his experience studying and practising law, exploring how lawyers develop the ability to analyse complex problems, construct persuasive arguments and communicate with clarity. What makes someone a good lawyer? Is it knowing the law, being a persuasive speaker, or something deeper? James Piercy explores how legal reasoning, clarity of thought and advocacy shape the way lawyers approach difficult legal problems. James discusses his experience of mooting and debating, the difference between knowing the law and being able to argue it, and why the strongest legal arguments are often the clearest and simplest. He explains how to structure complex legal issues using checklists, flow charts and clear steps, as well as how signposting can make an argument significantly more persuasive. The interview also explores advocacy before judges, including how to respond when a judge challenges your argument, why judicial intervention should not be treated as an attack, and how the role of an advocate changes from performance and confrontation to conversation and assistance. James also reflects on choosing areas of law to explore, finding subjects that genuinely capture your imagination, and what he wishes he had known before starting university. Topics covered include: legal reasoning, legal analysis, advocacy, mooting, debating, legal argument, persuasive advocacy, judicial intervention, legal education and thinking like a lawyer. How to Think Like a Lawyer — Episode 01: The Art of Legal Reasoning with James Piercy.

    The Art of Legal Reasoning with James Piercy | How to Think Like a Lawyer

About

Law Exchange is a podcast where we interview the barristers, solicitors, academics and legal professionals about the questions that shape the law: how lawyers think, how the law works in practice, and where it's heading. Alongside the interviews, Law Exchange breaks down key legal principles and landmark cases in clear, concise episodes, from tort and contract to criminal and constitutional law. For students considering a career in law, and anyone curious about how the legal world really works.