A child's first lesson began with a rhyme: "In Adam's Fall / We sinned all." The same little book then pointed her to the answer: "Christ crucify'd / For Sinners dy'd." In this episode of American Mission, "From the Primer to the College: How Early Americans Learned to Read," we follow the students. We start with the book in a child's hand, The New-England Primer, then the Massachusetts law of 1647 that required towns to provide a teacher, and then the colleges at the top of the ladder: Harvard, Yale, and Princeton. Along the way we meet John Adams, a farmer's son from Braintree, and Nathan Hale, a schoolmaster who laid down his life at twenty-one. We see how the ladder found its way into the Massachusetts Constitution of 1780 and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, and we close with a reflection on what we hand down to our children. The settlers crossed an ocean to worship God as they believed Scripture taught, and they wanted every child to read that Scripture for themselves. The Primer carried an invitation: "Come unto Christ, all ye that labour and are heavy laden, and he will give you Rest." CHAPTERS 00:00 Cold open: "In Adam's Fall" and "That Old Deluder" 01:20 Intro 02:21 The air they breathed: the New-England Primer 09:20 "That old deluder": a teacher in every town 12:37 The top of the ladder: Harvard, Yale, Princeton 20:38 The ladder goes to war: sacrifice and courage 27:34 The ladder in the law: Adams and the constitutions 30:38 They planted for us 32:35 Reflection: what we tell our children 35:31 Outro SELECTED SOURCES - The New-England Primer (Boston: S. Kneeland and T. Green, 1727); The New-England Primer Improved (Boston: A. Ellison, 1773) - John Cotton, Milk for Babes (London, 1646); the Westminster Shorter Catechism - Massachusetts Bay General Court, orders of 1642 and 1647; The Book of the General Lawes and Libertyes (Cambridge, 1648) - New Englands First Fruits (London, 1643); the Laws of Harvard College, 1642-46 - Connecticut General Court, "An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School" (1701); Yale's charter of 1745 - Charter of the College of New Jersey (1748); An Account of the College of New Jersey (1764) - John Adams, Autobiography; "A Dissertation on the Canon and the Feudal Law" (Boston Gazette, 1765) - Nathan Hale's letters of 1774 and 1775 and Benjamin Tallmadge's letter of July 4, 1775, as printed in George Dudley Seymour, Documentary Life of Nathan Hale (1941) - Constitution of Massachusetts (1780), Chapter V, Section II; Northwest Ordinance (1787), Article 3 FREE TO READ ONLINE - The New-England Primer Improved (Boston: A. Ellison, 1773), Library of Congress: https://www.loc.gov/item/22023945/ - The New-England Primer Enlarged (Boston, 1727), New York Public Library: https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/378a78c0-73ab-0130-1791-58d385a7b928 - New Englands First Fruits (London, 1643), Internet Archive: https://archive.org/details/newenglandsfirst00unse - George Dudley Seymour, Documentary Life of Nathan Hale (1941), Internet Archive: https://archive.org/details/documentarylifeo00seym VOICES Narration and historical readings are AI-generated voices (Kokoro and ElevenLabs text-to-speech). Every quoted word comes from a documented primer, law, letter, charter or record, and where a story has only been handed down, we say so. Music: "Chester" (William Billings), U.S. Marine Band and Opus33, public domain; "Old Hundredth" (Genevan Psalter, 1551) and the reflection piano played on the FreePats Upright Piano KW sound bank (CC0); psalm, lullaby and string music synthesized for the show. Cover photo: Augustus Lutheran Church, Trappe, Pa., HABS (Jack E. Boucher, 1994), Library of Congress. Questions or corrections: americanmission76@gmail.com American Mission: Faith, freedom, and the founding of America.