Safavids rose to power in Iran in 1501. And they were the first Iranian dynasty after 850 years that Iran had been ruled by foreign forces. First Arabs and then Turks dominated Iran in these years Iran declined to a geographical term and was torn by sectarian adherence. Iran, in these years experience d three invasions, Arabs, Turks and Mongols, but some hope remains, despite losing political control. Persian culture thrived under Arabs, that after Umayyad Caliphate dynasty, and in the Abbasid dynasty showed an inclination toward Persian culture. They enlisted the help of Iranian viziers among them, the house of Barmakids who organized the Empire administration, and led it to Islamic Golden Age. Under abbasid patronage. Numerous Iranian wrote books in all different sciences, even Arabic grammar, and Islamic history. After Abbasid lose control over fringes of the Empire, their client states Samanids became the hub of the Iranian culture and supported Persian poets. And for the first time after Islam Persian was used again, now in an Arabic alphabet. And even from this start, it was obvious that Arabic finally found its match. Persian poems were so impressive that soon people began to learn them by heart and recite them in an act of resentment toward politically dominant Arabs. The 10th century AD in Iran is marked by Iranian client states, patronizing Persian poets, and as fate would have it, it has a crucial role in preserving Persian because these dynasties were destined to be overrun by warlike Turks who invaded Iran in the next century. It took only e century for this language to rise to its climax in Persian masterpiece and Iran's national epic Shahname Unlike the past poets, Ferdowsi went through great lengths to use as less loan Arabic words as he could. This book alone was enough to guarantee the survival of the language. Even now in 21st century in far and wide countries like Russia, India that has almost no cultural ties to Iran's culture. They use the name of its hero Rustam for naming their male offsprings . The poet Ferdowsi dedicated 30 years of his life on this masterpiece, and receive no reward for his sacrifice in his lifetime. In the year that followed, Transoxiana, the main hub of Iranian culture, and the last bastion was invaded by hordes after hordes of Nomad Turks. Among them Gharakhanids whose other name was Afrasiabids the name of the main antagonist of Shahnameh They also use Iranian administrators to rule their territory Ghaznavids were another Turk dynasty whose administration language was Persian. They patronized Persian poets and the book of poems of these court poets has survived the long centuries, their chronicles horse has left valuable historiographies that From then on, supplanted and supplemented Arabic historiographies but the most important among these Turks were Saljuqs were most unfamiliar word civilized culture, but they're Persian viziers most prominent among them. Nizamalmolk wrote a book in the art of rolling a kingdom for his masters try to tame them sell jokes at length adopted even Iranian names and their Western branch in Anatolia went on to become a role model or the Ottomans that later replaced them
