When Christopher Columbus brought tobacco to Europe, it became a miracle drug. It was used for over 250 maladies (e.g., warts, asthma, ulcers, arrow wounds, toothaches, bad breath, deafness, tonsillitis, nosebleeds, epilepsy, etc.). From 1790 to 1830, alcohol consumption rose in America. Most men and some women and children drank alcohol regularly. Steven Harper recorded that in 1820, the upstate New York region near Joseph's home made a lot of corn whiskey and exported 65,277 gallons and 69 tons of beer. However, by 1830, temperance movements across the states—including a 239-member society in Kirtland—began attacking alcohol, tobacco, and other social ills (Harper, Making Sense of the D&C, 322-323). Several other food issues were discussed in local newspapers. A 19th-20th century contemporary of the Saints, Catherine Beecher, spoke against tea and coffee specifically as dangerous as alcohol. On February 1, 1833, four weeks before Joseph received this revelation, a Kirtland distillery (1819- 1833) closed due to a local temperance society's work to decrease their clients (P.H. Peterson, 13). It was part of a national organization, with the nearby larger city of Albany, NY, boasting twelve temperance societies. Joseph subscribed to local newspapers that also denounced alcohol consumption. It was a national issue, and it was on Joseph's mind. These local issues, and Emma's request, probably contributed to the Prophet Joseph's desire to learn the Lord's will on the subject. The Word of Wisdom differs from regularly published temperance society claims as it never claimed to be a cure for a list of ills, nor the cause of many illnesses (including cholera). Temperance societies also built on biblical warnings like Ephesians 5:18, that denounces excessive use of wine, or Proverbs 23:2 on gluttony (and 23:21; Deut. 21:20; Luke 21:34). Revelation in Kirtland, Ohio On February 27, 1833, Joseph met on the upper level of the Whitney's Store with a group of about 22 Saints for an institute-style class called "the school of the prophets." Zebedee Coltrin remembered that Joseph received this revelation in an adjoining room with only two or three others present, right before the school met. When he entered the school of the prophets, he had the revelation in his hand. As he began to read, all but one were using tobacco, but all put down their pipes as he read. Also at the School of the Prophets a remarkable vision occurred in which several members of the group saw Jesus Christ and/or Heavenly Father. Eye witness accounts are explored in this video podcast. Finally, information on the Apocrypha is given and Dr. Wilson goes into detail about each book including the ones she considers to be her favorite. Join Dr. Lynne Hilton Wilson as she examines these exciting elements of Church history.
