Carnegie Endowment

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News

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Politics

Politics

Updated Semimonthly
News

News

Updated Biweekly
Politics

Politics

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Government

Government

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Government

Government

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3d ago

The State and Fate of America’s War with Iran

The U.S.-Iran conflict is about to enter its eighth month, and it shows no serious signs of abating. If anything, intensified strikes between the Houthis and Saudi-backed forces in Yemen and continuing Iranian attacks on tankers in the Gulf carry the real threat of escalation. Though sanctions and the U.S. Navy’s blockade is taking a devastating toll on Iran’s economy, there is scant evidence that Iran is interested in ending the conflict without a significant win. Nor does the Trump administration appear to be in a hurry to find a resolution. Indeed, there are credible reports that the U.S. is considering escalation after the midterm elections. Have we settled into a new normal—interest in neither all-out war nor a diplomatic off-ramp? What might induce one side or both to escalate? And what of internal decision making in Tehran? And how are other Gulf states adjusting to the current reality? Join Aaron David Miller as he engages the Brookings Institution’s Suzanne Maloney and Carnegie Endowment’s Karim Sadjadpour in a wide-ranging conversation on the U.S.-Iran war—and where we go from here—on Carnegie Connects.
2d ago

Rubio’s Visit and India’s Strategic Choices

Rubio’s Visit and India’s Strategic Choices U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio’s recent visit to India comes at a moment of uncertainty about the future of U.S.-India bilateral ties—and the wider international order. As New Delhi carefully navigates ties with Washington, Beijing, and Moscow, how can it preserve its freedom of action while advancing its interests? And does India have the capabilities to match its global ambitions? To discuss these questions and much more, Milan is joined on the show this week by Ambassador Pankaj Saran. Ambassador Saran is a former diplomat with forty years of experience in foreign, strategic, and national security affairs. From 2018 to 2021, he served as the Deputy National Security Adviser for Strategic Affairs under Prime Minister Narendra Modi dealing with regional and global strategy formulation, including maritime security and Arctic affairs, neighborhood policy, and technology and economic security. He has also served as India’s Ambassador to Russia and India’s High Commissioner to Bangladesh, and as Head of the Northern Division in the Ministry of External Affairs dealing with Nepal and Bhutan. Ambassador Saran is presently Convenor of NatStrat, a Delhi-based independent centre for research on strategic and security issues. Milan speaks with Ambassador Saran about the significance of Rubio’s visit, the structural shifts in America’s strategic orientation, and the limits and opportunities in China-India ties. Plus, the two discuss Russia-India ties, the significance of the BRICS, and the lasting impacts of Operation Sindoor. Episode notes: Pankaj Saran, “Not a bloc, not anti-West: What India's BRICS hosting really signals,” Economic Times, September 11, 2026.Pankaj Saran, “From Indonesia to Australia to New Zealand, PM Modi charts India's Indo-Pacific arc,”Economic Times, July 7, 2026.Pankaj Saran, “Why India can play a bigger role as the G7 evolves,” Hindustan Times, June 12, 2026.“India and China’s Uneasy Coexistence (with Vijay Gokhale),” Grand Tamasha, October 21, 2026.“China, India, and the New Global Order (with Vince Cable),” Grand Tamasha, October 14, 2026.
Oct 21

India and China’s Uneasy Coexistence

China remains one of the most consequential—and most difficult—foreign policy challenges facing India today. Even as tensions along the border persist, New Delhi is cautiously rethinking economic ties with Beijing. This rethink, in turn, is taking place against a broader change in the strategic environment as Washington rethinks its own relationship with China. Few people in India have thought more about the changing China-India relationship that Ambassador Vijay Gokhale. Ambassador Gokhale is a nonresident senior fellow at Carnegie India. He retired from the Indian Foreign Service in January 2020 after a diplomatic career that spanned thirty-nine years. From January 2018 to January 2020, he served as the foreign secretary of India. He previously served as India’s high commissioner to Malaysia, ambassador to Germany, and ambassador to the People’s Republic of China. Ambassador Gokhale has written five books on China, the most recent of which is titled China's Wars: The Politics and Diplomacy Behind its Military Coercion. His latest book examines how Beijing uses coercion, diplomacy, and military force to advance its interests—and what those patterns can tell us about China’s behavior today. On the show this week, Ambassador Gokhale tells Milan why he calls China an “opportunistic power,” why the India-Chian relationship is best characterized as one of “armed coexistence,” and whether the thaw in India-China relations reflects a genuine shift in Chinese policy or a tactical pause. Plus, the two discuss the shift in U.S.-China relations, the Xi-Trump summit, and the prospects of a G-2 accommodation between the United States and China. Episode notes: Vijay Gokhale, “Xi-ing Eye to Eye,” Times of India, September 28, 2026.Vijay Gokhale and Chirayu Thakkar, On China: Reflections on Chinese Statecraft (New Delhi: Rupa, 2026).“How India and Pakistan See Each Other—and the World” (with Jacob Poushter), Grand Tamasha, September 23, 2026. “What Do Indians Think About the World?” (with Aidan Milliff and Paul Staniland, Grand Tamasha, June 10, 2026.“Can India Thrive in Trump’s World?” (with Shoumitro Chatterjee, Sameer Lalwani, and Tanvi Madan), Grand Tamasha, April 1, 2026.
Oct 16

How Technology Is Rewriting the Rules of War

Ukraine destroyed Russian strategic bombers deep inside Russia with help from a former DJ, a tattoo artist, and cheap drones hidden in trucks. What does that say about who holds power when drones are everywhere? Has China already caught up with the U.S. in technology? And what happens when a single private company can switch off the communications a military depends on? Steven Feldstein is a Carnegie senior fellow and a former State Department official. He joins Jon Bateman on The World Unpacked to discuss his new book, Bytes and Bullets, and explain how drones are reshaping wars from Ukraine to Sudan, why export controls are slowing China but not Russia, and why technology may be the single most important force in the rise and fall of nations this century. Host: Follow Jon on X: https://x.com/JonKBateman Guest: Steven Feldstein: https://x.com/SteveJFeldstein
Oct 14

China, India, and the New Global Order

China and India represent two of the most important forces reshaping the global economy, but they have arrived at this moment having followed very different paths. China surged ahead through manufacturing, exports, and an activist, but authoritarian state. India, by contrast, followed a more uneven path, shaped by democracy, a robust services sector, and a different relationship between government and markets. A new book, Eclipsing the West: China, India and the Forging of a New World, by the British economist Sir Vincent Cable examines the bigger question of what the rise of China and India means for the future of the world economy—and the international order. Vince Cable is a British economist, author, and former politician who has spent decades thinking about the changing global economy. He served as Britain’s secretary of state for business, innovation and skills from 2010 to 2015 and later as leader of the Liberal Democrats. Before entering politics, he worked in government, international organizations, academia, and the private sector—including as chief economist at Shell. Today, he is a Professor in Practice at the London School of Economics in the School of Public Policy. To talk more about his new book, Vince joins Milan on the show this week. The two discuss Vince’s first visit to India as a student in the mid-1960s, the contrasting reception to his writings on China and India, and the concept of “superstates.” Plus, the two discuss the ability of India to shape global order, Indian democracy’s “fork in the road,” and three possible futures for an emerging world of superstates. Episode notes: 1. Martin Wolf, “Best books of 2025: Economics,” Financial Times, November 19, 2025. 2. “A Sixth of Humanity and the Dreams of a Nation (with Devesh Kapur and Arvind Subramanian),” Grand Tamasha, October 22, 2025. 3. Devesh Kapur, “Why Does the Indian State Both Fail and Succeed?” Journal of Economic Perspectives 34, no. 1 (Winter 2020): 31-54.
Oct 13

Can the U.S. Still Lead in Today’s World? A Conversation with Jake Sullivan

The United States of late seems to resemble a modern-day Gulliver—possessing tremendous strength yet increasingly challenged by powers large and small who oppose its interests and aims. The United States seems to lack a clear and realistic vision about its role in the world and a strategy for how best to advance its interests. Indeed, recent policy missteps have undermined America’s traditional allies and partners and delighted its adversaries. Can America still lead effectively? And what are the core elements of a sound foreign policy and national security strategy? Join Aaron David Miller as he engages Jake Sullivan, Kissinger Professor of the Practice of Statecraft and World Order at the Harvard Kennedy School and former National Security Adviser to President Joe Biden, in a wide-ranging conversation on the challenges the United States confronts in a complicated world, on Carnegie Connects.
Oct 7

Why Clean Air Is So Hard to Deliver in India

This week, Grand Tamasha is launching a new four-part series on energy and climate issues in collaboration with CASI—the Center for the Advanced Study of India—at the University of Pennsylvania. Over the next several months, we will be putting a spotlight on some of the most pressing energy and climate issues facing India—from India’s green transition to the effect of climate on its coastlines, and India’s multilateral climate diplomacy. And we will be doing so by leveraging the expertise of many CASI experts and affiliates. The first part of this new series looks at the connection between pollution and politics. Air pollution is often treated as an environmental or public health problem. But it is also a deeply political one—shaped by what voters demand, what politicians believe they will get credit for, which sources of pollution governments choose to target, and which institutions are capable of compelling action. To discuss why toxic air has proven so politically challenging in India—and what it might take to change that—Milan is joined on the show this week by Vaishnavi Chandrashekhar and Tariq Thachil. Vaishnavi is an award-winning science and environment journalist based in Mumbai, and a former Visiting Fellow at CASI. She is a Contributing Correspondent for Science and an editorial consultant with The Times of India. She has previously worked as a staff editor at the Christian Science Monitor and editor of the magazine Time Out Mumbai. Tariq is a Professor of Political Science at the University of Pennsylvania. From 2020-2025, he served as the Director of the Center for Advanced Study of India (CASI). Tariq has worked on political parties and political behavior, identity politics, urbanization and migration, but he is also developing a new research agenda on the political consequences of air pollution. The trio discuss why India and South Asia sit at the epicenter of the global air pollution crisis, why toxic air produces such little political pressure, and what politicians actually know about India’s dirty air. Plus, they discuss the role of civil society, the courts, and ordinary citizens in holding politicians accountable on climate issues. Episode notes: 1. Shikhar Singh and Tariq Thachil, “Why Is Air Pollution Not a Political Issue? Evidence from India,” Working Paper, March 13, 2026. 2. Vaishnavi Chandrashekhar, “Climate Change is Stretching Mumbai to its Limits,” The Atlantic, February 7, 2022. 3. Vaishnavi Chandrashekhar, “Optics, Ambition, and a Genuine Transition: Reflections from the Inaugural Mumbai Climate Week,” CASI India in Transition, August 4, 2026. 4. Vaishnavi Chandrashekhar, “Mumbai's air quality: ‘Time to look at city’s airshed & not just localised pollution,’”Times of India, October 30, 2023.
1d ago

Will Peace Talks With Russia Ever Work?

Recently there have been renewed attempts to bring Russia and Ukraine to the negotiating table, initiated by the Trump administration. The Finnish president and Norwegian prime minister have also called Vladimir Putin for the first time since 2022. Will Putin concede and negotiate in good faith? Or is this latest attempt to end the war through talks doomed to failure too?
Sep 23

How India and Pakistan See Each Other—and the World

Nearly eight decades after the partition of British India, Indians and Pakistanis still view one another with deep suspicion—and their perceptions of the wider world are increasingly divergent as well. New data collected by the Pew Research Center offer a revealing snapshot of how people across South Asia view their neighbors, major powers like the United States and China, and India’s growing global role. To unpack what these findings tell us about global public opinion, Milan is joined on the podcast this week by Jacob Poushter. Jacob is the lead author of recent Pew report titled, “India and Pakistan: Rivals with Divergent Views of the Global Order.” He is an associate director at Pew Research Center and an expert in international survey research. He writes about international public opinion on a variety of topics—including the international image of the United States and perceptions of global threats. He is also responsible for designing survey questionnaires, managing survey projects, analyzing data and developing topics for the annual Global Attitudes Survey. Milan and Jacob discuss the work of the Pew Research Center, the hardened views of India and Pakistan towards one another, and the two neighbors’ views of the great powers. Plus, the two discuss how India is viewed by other countries in the neighborhood and the places where India’s standing has experienced a significant decline. Episode notes: 1. Jacob Poushter, Sneha Gubbala, and William Miner, “How do South Asians view other countries in the region?” Pew Research Center, August 13, 2026. 2. Sneha Gubbala, “Public opinion of India is mixed across 36 countries,” Pew Research Center, August 13, 2026. 3. “Neha Sahgal on Religion and Identity in Contemporary India,” Grand Tamasha, June 30, 2021.
Oct 7

Three Years After October 7th: Costs and Consequences

Three years after the October 7th attacks, the Middle East is roiled by instability and unresolved conflicts. Gaza remains divided, impoverished, and sporadically violent with two million Palestinians coping with terrible living conditions. Hamas remains the preeminent political actor in Gaza and Israel continues to increase the territory it controls, while Israeli settler violence in the West Bank surges. Hezbollah is down but not out in Lebanon, and the ongoing U.S.-Iran conflict is adding stress to both the Gulf states and the global oil economy. Will the looming Israeli elections change anything? Can the Trump administration find a way forward with its Board of Peace 20-point plan? What are the chances of any progress in the broader Israeli-Palestinian conflict? Join Aaron David Miller in conversation with CSIS’s Daniel Byman, Rand’s Shira Efron, and Middle East Institute’s Jaser AbuMousa on the impact of October 7th on Israel, U.S.-Israeli relations, and the broader region, on Carnegie Connects.

Carnegie scholars and their global network of experts give their takes on foreign policy issues around the world.