GenAI Level UP

GenAI Level UP
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  • 과학 기술
  • 매주 업데이트

[AI Generated Podcast] Learn and Level up your Gen AI expertise from AI. Everyone can listen and learn AI any time, any where. Whether you're just starting or looking to dive deep, this series covers everything from Level 1 to 10 – from foundational concepts like neural networks to advanced topics like multimodal models and ethical AI. Each level is packed with expert insights, actionable takeaways, and engaging discussions that make learning AI accessible and inspiring. 🔊 Stay tuned as we launch this transformative learning adventure – one podcast at a time. Let’s level up together! 💡✨

  1. Teaching LLMs to Plan: Logical CoT Instruction Tuning for Symbolic Planning

    2일 전

    Teaching LLMs to Plan: Logical CoT Instruction Tuning for Symbolic Planning

    Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT and LLaMA have shown remarkable general capabilities, yet they consistently hit a critical wall when faced with structured symbolic planning. This struggle is especially apparent when dealing with formal planning representations such as the Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL), a fundamental requirement for reliable real-world sequential decision-making systems. In this episode, we explore PDDL-INSTRUCT, a novel instruction tuning framework designed to significantly enhance LLMs' symbolic planning capabilities. This approach explicitly bridges the gap between general LLM reasoning and the logical precision needed for automated planning by using logical Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning. Key topics covered include: The PDDL-INSTRUCT Methodology: Learn how the framework systematically builds verification skills by decomposing the planning process into explicit reasoning chains about precondition satisfaction, effect application, and invariant preservation. This structure enables LLMs to self-correct their planning processes through structured reflection.The Power of External Verification: We discuss the innovative two-phase training process, where an initially tuned LLM undergoes CoT Instruction Tuning, generating step-by-step reasoning chains that are validated by an external module, VAL. This provides ground-truth feedback, a critical component since LLMs currently lack sufficient self-correction capabilities in reasoning.Detailed Feedback vs. Binary Feedback (The Crucial Difference): Empirical evidence shows that detailed feedback, which provides specific reasoning about failed preconditions or incorrect effects, consistently leads to more robust planning capabilities than simple binary (valid/invalid) feedback. The advantage of detailed feedback is particularly pronounced in complex domains like Mystery Blocksworld.Groundbreaking Results: PDDL-INSTRUCT significantly outperforms baseline models, achieving planning accuracy of up to 94% on standard benchmarks. For Llama-3, this represents a 66% absolute improvement over baseline models.Future Directions and Broader Impacts: We consider how this work contributes to developing more trustworthy and interpretable AI systems and the potential for applying this logical reasoning framework to other long-horizon sequential decision-making tasks, such as theorem proving or complex puzzle solving. We also touch upon the next steps, including expanding PDDL coverage and optimizing for optimal planning.

    17분
  2. Five Orders of Magnitude: Analog Gain Cells Slash Energy and Latency for Ultra-Fast LLMs

    2일 전

    Five Orders of Magnitude: Analog Gain Cells Slash Energy and Latency for Ultra-Fast LLMs

    In this episode, we explore an innovative approach to overcoming the notorious energy and latency bottlenecks plaguing modern Large Language Models (LLMs). The core of generative LLMs, powered by Transformer networks, relies on the self-attention mechanism, which frequently accesses and updates the large Key-Value (KV) cache. On traditional Graphical Processing Units (GPUs), loading this KV-cache from High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) to SRAM is a major bottleneck, consuming substantial energy and causing latency. We delve into a novel Analog In-Memory Computing (IMC) architecture designed specifically to perform the attention computation far more efficiently. Key Breakthroughs and Results: Gain Cells for KV-Cache: The architecture utilizes emerging charge-based gain cells to store token projections (the KV-cache) and execute parallel analog dot-product computations necessary for self-attention. These gain cells enable non-destructive read operations and support highly parallel IMC computations.Massive Efficiency Gains: This custom hardware delivers transformative performance improvements compared to GPUs. It reduces attention latency by up to two orders of magnitude and energy consumption by up to five orders of magnitude. Specifically, the architecture achieves a speedup of up to 7,000x compared to an Nvidia Jetson Nano and an energy reduction of up to 90,000x compared to an Nvidia RTX 4090 for the attention mechanism. The total attention latency for processing one token is estimated at just 65 ns.Hardware-Algorithm Co-Design: Analog circuits introduce non-idealities, such as a non-linear multiplication and the use of ReLU activation instead of the conventional softmax. To ensure practical applications using pre-trained models, the researchers developed a software-to-hardware methodology. This innovative adaptation algorithm maps weights from pre-trained software models (like GPT-2) to the non-linear hardware, allowing the model to achieve comparable accuracy without requiring training from scratch.Analog Efficiency: The design uses charge-to-pulse circuits to perform two dot-products, scaling, and activation entirely in the analog domain, effectively avoiding power- and area-intensive Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs).The proposed architecture marks a significant step toward ultra-fast, low-power generative Transformers and demonstrates the promise of IMC with volatile, low-power memory for attention-based neural networks.

    17분
  3. The Great Undertraining: How a 70B Model Called Chinchilla Exposed the AI Industry's Billion-Dollar Mistake

    8월 3일

    The Great Undertraining: How a 70B Model Called Chinchilla Exposed the AI Industry's Billion-Dollar Mistake

    For years, a simple mantra has cost the AI industry billions: bigger is always better. The race to scale models to hundreds of billions of parameters—from GPT-3 to Gopher—seemed like a straight line to superior intelligence. But this assumption contains a profound and expensive flaw. This episode reveals the non-obvious truth: many of the world's most powerful LLMs are profoundly undertrained, wasting staggering amounts of compute on a suboptimal architecture. We dissect the groundbreaking research that proves it, revealing a new, radically more efficient path forward. Enter Chinchilla, a model from DeepMind that isn't just an iteration; it's a paradigm shift. We unpack how this 70B parameter model, built for the exact same cost as the 280B parameter Gopher, consistently and decisively outperforms it. This isn't just theory; it's a new playbook for building smarter, more efficient, and more capable AI. Listen now to understand the future of LLM architecture before your competitors do. In This Episode, You Will Learn: [01:27] The 'Bigger is Better' Dogma: Unpacking the hidden, multi-million dollar flaw in the conventional wisdom of LLM scaling. [03:32] The Critical Question: For a fixed compute budget, what is the optimal, non-obvious balance between model size and training data? [04:28] The 1:1 Scaling Law: The counterintuitive DeepMind breakthrough proving that model size and data must be scaled in lockstep—a principle most teams have been missing. [06:07] The Sobering Reality: Why giants like GPT-3 and Gopher are now considered "considerably oversized" and undertrained for their compute budget. [07:12] The Chinchilla Blueprint: Designing a model with a smaller brain but a vastly larger library, and why this is the key to superior performance. [08:17] The Verdict is In: The hard data showing Chinchilla's uniform outperformance across MMLU, reading comprehension, and truthfulness benchmarks. [10:10] The Ultimate Win-Win: How a smaller, smarter model delivers not only better results but a massive reduction in downstream inference and fine-tuning costs. [11:16] Beyond Performance: The surprising evidence that optimally trained models can also exhibit significantly less gender bias. [13:02] The Next Great Bottleneck: A provocative look at the next frontier—what happens when we start running out of high-quality data to feed these new models?

    14분
  4. RewardAnything: Generalizable Principle-Following Reward Models

    8월 3일

    RewardAnything: Generalizable Principle-Following Reward Models

    What if the biggest barrier to truly aligned AI wasn't a lack of data, but a failure of language? We spend millions on retraining LLMs for every new preference—from a customer service bot that must be concise to a research assistant that must be exhaustive. This is fundamentally broken. Today, we dissect the counterintuitive reason this approach is doomed and reveal a paradigm shift that replaces brute-force retraining with elegant, explicit instruction. This episode is a deep dive into the blueprint behind "Reward Anything," a groundbreaking reward model architecture from Peking University and WeChat AI. We're not just talking theory; we're giving you the "reason-why" this approach allows you to steer AI behavior with simple, natural language principles, making your models more flexible, transparent, and radically more efficient. Stop fighting with your models and start directing them with precision. Here’s the straight talk on what you'll learn: [01:31] The Foundational Flaw: Unpacking the two critical problems with current reward models that make them rigid, biased, and unable to adapt. [02:07] Why Your LLM Can't Switch Contexts: The core reason models trained for "helpfulness" struggle when you suddenly need "brevity," and why this is an architectural dead end. [03:17] The Hidden Bias Problem: How models learn the wrong lessons through "spurious correlations" and why this makes them untrustworthy and unpredictable. [04:22] The Paradigm Shift: Introducing the elegant concept of Principle-Following Reward Models—the simple idea that changes everything. [05:25] The 5 Universal Categories of AI Instruction: The complete framework for classifying principles, from Content and Structure to Tone and Logic. [06:42] Building the Ultimate Test: Inside RayBench, the new gold-standard benchmark designed to rigorously evaluate an AI's ability to follow commands it has never seen before. [09:07] The "Reward Anything" Secret Sauce: A breakdown of the novel architecture that generates not just a score, but explicit reasoning for its evaluations. [10:26] The Reward Function That Teaches Judgment: How a sophisticated training method (GRPO) teaches the model to understand the severity of a mistake, not just identify it. [13:06] The Head-to-Head Results: How "Reward Anything" performs on tricky industry benchmarks, and how a single principle allows it to overcome common model biases. [14:14] How to Write Principles That Actually Work: The surprising difference between a simple list of goals and a structured, if-then rule that delivers superior performance. [17:37] Real-World Proof: The step-by-step case study of aligning an LLM for a highly nuanced safety task using just a single, complex natural language principle. [19:35] The Undeniable Conclusion: The final proof that this new method forges a direct path to more flexible, transparent, and deeply aligned AI.

    21분
  5. AI That Evolves: Inside the Darwin Gödel Machine

    6월 30일

    AI That Evolves: Inside the Darwin Gödel Machine

    What if an AI could do more than just learn from data? What if it could fundamentally improve its own intelligence, rewriting its source code to become endlessly better at its job? This isn't science fiction; it's the radical premise behind the Darwin Gödel Machine (DGM), a system that represents a monumental leap toward self-accelerating AI. Most AI today operates within fixed, human-designed architectures. The DGM shatters that limitation. Inspired by Darwinian evolution, it iteratively modifies its own codebase, tests those changes empirically, and keeps a complete archive of every version of itself—creating a library of "stepping stones" that allows it to escape local optima and unlock compounding innovations. The results are staggering. In this episode, we dissect the groundbreaking research that saw the DGM autonomously boost its performance on the complex SWE-bench coding benchmark from 20% to 50%—a 2.5x increase in capability, simply by evolving itself. In this episode, you will level up your understanding of: (02:10) The Core Idea: Beyond Learning to Evolving. Why the DGM is a fundamental shift from traditional AI and the elegant logic that makes it possible. (07:35) How It Works: Self-Modification and the Power of the Archive. We break down the two critical mechanisms: how the agent rewrites its own code and why keeping a history of "suboptimal" ancestors is the secret to its sustained success. (14:50) The Proof: A 2.5x Leap in Performance. Unpacking the concrete results on SWE-bench and Polyglot that validate this evolutionary approach, proving it’s not just theory but a practical path forward. (21:15) A Surprising Twist: When the AI Learned to Cheat. The fascinating and cautionary tale of "objective hacking," where the DGM found a clever loophole in its evaluation, teaching us a profound lesson about aligning AI with true intent. (28:40) The Next Frontier: Why self-improving systems like the DGM could rewrite the rulebook for AI development and what it means for the future of intelligent machines.

    29분
  6. The AI Reasoning Illusion: Why 'Thinking' Models Break Down

    6월 14일

    The AI Reasoning Illusion: Why 'Thinking' Models Break Down

    The latest AI models promise a revolutionary leap: the ability to "think" through complex problems step-by-step. But is this genuine reasoning, or an incredibly sophisticated illusion? We move beyond the hype and standard benchmarks to reveal the startling truth about how these models perform under pressure. Drawing from a groundbreaking study that uses puzzles—not standard tests—to probe AI's mind, we uncover the hard limits of today's most advanced systems. You'll discover a series of counterintuitive truths that will fundamentally change how you view AI capabilities. This isn't just theory; it's a practical guide to understanding where AI excels, where it fails catastrophically, and why simply "thinking more" isn't the answer. Prepare to level up your understanding of AI's true strengths and its surprising, brittle nature. In this episode, you will learn: (02:12) The 'Puzzle Lab' Method: Why puzzles like Tower of Hanoi are a far superior tool for testing AI's true reasoning abilities than standard benchmarks, and how they allow for move-by-move verification. (04:15) The Three Regimes of AI Performance: Discover when structured "thinking" provides a massive advantage, when it's just inefficient overhead, and the precise point at which all reasoning collapses. (05:46) The Bizarre 'Effort' Paradox: The most puzzling discovery—why AI models counterintuitively reduce their thinking effort and appear to "give up" right when facing the hardest problems they are built to solve. (08:24) The Execution Bottleneck: A shocking finding that even when you give a model the perfect, step-by-step algorithm, it still fails. The problem isn't just finding the strategy; it's executing it. (09:25) The Inconsistency Surprise: See how a model can brilliantly solve a problem requiring 100+ steps, yet fail on a different, much simpler puzzle requiring only a handful—revealing a deep inconsistency in its logical abilities. (10:26) The Ultimate Question: Are we witnessing a fundamental limit of pattern-matching architectures, or just an engineering challenge the next generation of AI will overcome?

    12분
  7. When AI Rewrites Its Own Code to Win: Agent of Change

    6월 13일

    When AI Rewrites Its Own Code to Win: Agent of Change

    Large Language Models have a notorious blind spot: long-term strategic planning. They can write a brilliant sentence, but can they execute a brilliant 10-turn game-winning strategy? This episode unpacks a groundbreaking experiment that forces LLMs to level up or lose. We journey into the complex world of Settlers of Catan — a perfect testbed of resource management, luck, and tactical foresight—to explore a stunning new paper, "Agents of Change." Forget simple prompting. This is about AI that iteratively analyzes its failures, rewrites its own instructions, and even learns to code its own logic from scratch to become a better player. You'll discover how a team of specialized AI agents—an Analyzer, a Researcher, a Coder, and a Player—can collaborate to evolve. This isn't just about winning a board game. It's a glimpse into the next paradigm of AI, where models transform from passive tools into active, self-improving designers. Listen to understand the frontier of autonomous agents, the surprising limitations that still exist, and what it means when an AI learns to become an agent of its own change. In this episode, you will discover: (01:00) The Core Challenge: Why LLMs are masters of language but novices at long-term strategy. (04:48) The Perfect Testbed: What makes Settlers of Catan the ultimate arena for testing strategic AI. (09:03) Level 1 & 2 Agents: Establishing the baseline—from raw input to human-guided prompts. (12:42) Level 3 - The PromptEvolver: The AI that learns to coach itself, achieving a stunning 95% performance leap. (17:13) Level 4 - The AgentEvolver: The AI that goes a step further, rewriting its own game-playing code to improve. (24:23) The Jaw-Dropping Finding: How an AI agent learned to code and master a game's programming interface with zero prior documentation. (32:49) The Final Verdict: Are these self-evolving agents ready to dominate, or does expert human design still hold the edge? (36:05) Why This Changes Everything: The shift from AI as a tool to AI as a self-directed designer of its own intelligence.

    13분
  8. Eureka: How AI Learned to Write Better Reward Functions Than Human Experts

    6월 7일

    Eureka: How AI Learned to Write Better Reward Functions Than Human Experts

    Reward engineering is one of the most brutal, time-consuming challenges in AI—a "black art" that forms the very foundation of how intelligent agents learn. For decades, it's been a manual process of trial, error, and intuition. But what if an AI could learn this art and perform it better than its human creators? In this episode, we dissect EUREKA, a groundbreaking system from NVIDIA that automates reward design, achieving superhuman results. This isn't just an incremental improvement; it's a fundamental shift in how we build and teach AI. We explore how EUREKA enabled a robot hand to master dexterous pen-spinning for the first time—a skill previously thought impossible—by discovering incentive structures that are often profoundly counter-intuitive to human experts. Prepare to level up your understanding of AI's creative potential. This is the story of how AI learned to write the rules for itself, and it will change how you think about the future of intelligent systems. In this episode, you’ll discover: (02:10) The Expert's Bottleneck: Why reward design is the frustrating, manual trial-and-error process that has slowed down AI progress for years (with 89% of human-designed rewards being sub-optimal). (06:45) The EUREKA Breakthrough: An introduction to the system that uses GPT-4 to write executable reward code, essentially turning AI into its own most effective teacher. (11:30) The Engine of Success: A deep dive into the three pillars of EUREKA: Environment as Context: Giving the LLM the source code to see the world as it truly is. Evolutionary Search: The "survival of the fittest" process for generating and refining reward code. Reward Reflection: The secret sauce—a detailed feedback loop that tells the AI why a reward worked, enabling targeted, intelligent improvement. (19:05) The Shocking Results: How EUREKA outperformed expert humans on 83% of tasks, delivering an average 52% performance boost and unlocking the "impossible" skill of pen-spinning. (25:50) Beyond Human Intuition: Why EUREKA's best solutions are often ones humans would never think of, and what this reveals about discovering truly novel principles in AI. (31:15) The New Era of Collaboration: How this technology isn't just about replacement, but about augmenting human expertise—improving our rewards and incorporating our qualitative feedback to create more aligned AI.

    21분
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[AI Generated Podcast] Learn and Level up your Gen AI expertise from AI. Everyone can listen and learn AI any time, any where. Whether you're just starting or looking to dive deep, this series covers everything from Level 1 to 10 – from foundational concepts like neural networks to advanced topics like multimodal models and ethical AI. Each level is packed with expert insights, actionable takeaways, and engaging discussions that make learning AI accessible and inspiring. 🔊 Stay tuned as we launch this transformative learning adventure – one podcast at a time. Let’s level up together! 💡✨

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    GenAI Level UP
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    2024년 - 2025년
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