Difference Makers

Hosts: Pete Upton, Brian Edwards, Elyse Wild | Producers: Native CDFI Network, Tribal Business News

Difference Makers is a podcast series from the Native CDFI Network and Tribal Business News that explores how Native community development financial institutions (CDFIs) are reshaping the future of tribal economies — one loan, one partnership, one bold idea at a time.

  1. Before the Banks

    12 FEB

    Before the Banks

    The legal foundations of tribal economies Long before federal banking systems or modern economic policy, Native nations were building trade networks, governing territory and sustaining complex economies. In Episode 1 of Difference Makers 3.0, legal scholar Robert J. Miller — a citizen of the Eastern Shawnee Tribe and professor of law — joins Brian Edwards and Pete Upton to examine the historical and constitutional foundations of tribal sovereignty. From pre-colonial trade systems to the U.S. Constitution’s Commerce Clause, Miller makes the case that tribes are sovereign governments, not racial groups — a distinction that shapes everything from treaty rights to modern Native finance. In this episode, Miller discusses: Why Indigenous economies were sophisticated long before European contact How property, inheritance and trade operated in tribal nations What the Constitution says about commerce with Indian tribes Why Native CDFIs are expressions of sovereignty — not DEI programs How modern Native finance reflects government-to-government relationships🎧 Listen now: https://www.buzzsprout.com/2352819/episodes/18669874-before-the-banks Reading material:    🔗 Reservation Capitalism by Robert J. Miller, Adam Crepelle  🔗 Morton v. Mancari (1974)  🔗 U.S. Constitution, Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 (Indian Commerce Clause)  🔗 Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (1975) 🔗 Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site (UNESCO page)  🔗 Chaco Culture National Historical Park (National Park Service) Difference Makers highlights how Native community development financial institutions (CDFIs) work alongside their small business clients to accelerate change and create economic opportunities in Native communities. Join the Native CDFI Network and Tribal Business News as they shine a spotlight on the people accelerating economic change in Indian Country.

    36 min
  2. HEALING CAPITAL | How Native American Bank Helped Pawnee Nation Build a Behavioral Health Solution

    08/05/2025

    HEALING CAPITAL | How Native American Bank Helped Pawnee Nation Build a Behavioral Health Solution

    With just 3,600 enrolled members and limited financial resources, the Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma faced a challenging question: How could they fund a multi-million-dollar behavioral health center to address the opioid crisis in their community? The answer came through a strategic partnership with Native American Bank, whose expertise in both tribal lending and New Markets Tax Credits made the seemingly impossible project possible. "They weren't just a lender—they were a partner and an educator," explains Brian Kirk, Executive Affairs Director for the Nation. The bank stayed engaged throughout years of planning, helping the tribe blend tax credits with grant funding and tribal contributions to create a financing model that minimized debt while maximizing impact. Now nearly complete, the center will provide culturally informed addiction treatment and mental health services while demonstrating that tribal nations of any size can build sovereign infrastructure with the right financial partners. As Joel Smith of Native American Bank puts it: "This is replicable. And we're here to help other tribes make it happen." Difference Makers highlights how Native community development financial institutions (CDFIs) work alongside their small business clients to accelerate change and create economic opportunities in Native communities. Join the Native CDFI Network and Tribal Business News as they shine a spotlight on the people accelerating economic change in Indian Country.

    21 min

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Difference Makers is a podcast series from the Native CDFI Network and Tribal Business News that explores how Native community development financial institutions (CDFIs) are reshaping the future of tribal economies — one loan, one partnership, one bold idea at a time.