The Public History in Greece Παναγιωτάρας Παναγιώτης

Παναγιωτάρας Παναγιώτης
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  1. 07/22/2020

    COLLECTIVE - INDIVIDUAL-INVENTED MEMORY PRACTICES OF INVENTION AND IMPOSITION OF MEMORY

    ndividual and collective memory coexist in time, correlate and interact. There are different memories in each generation, depending on age, social class, gender, occupation and other variables. According to Aguilar Fernandez, "Collective memory can be defined as the memory that a community has of its own history, as well as the lessons and lessons that, more or less consciously, it draws from this memory." Collective memory enables us to understand and interpret the present. The official memory of each country is decisive as through constructed traditions and memories as well as through real oblivion, national identities are built. These fabricated traditions and their recollection may be about highlighting glorious events or negative examples to avoid. In order to achieve a political stability, the individual and collective memory of individual social groups must coincide with the formal one. In any case where there is a serious contradiction and contradiction and in the event of a conflict of memories, then, to avoid conflict, whether you are looking for a formal memory in the story itself that satisfies everyone or the whole, whether a suitable memory is invented or constructed, or controversial facts that would lead to future disputes are concealed. In this context, the invention of traditions is one of the basic practices of the state power for its consolidation and legitimacy. As Hobsbawm points out, the invention of tradition is the way of legitimizing current power relations and classes in social life. He defined the invention of tradition as "a set of practices normally governed by overtly or implicitly accepted rules and of a ritual or symbolic nature which seek to enforce certain values ​​and rules of conduct by repetition which automatically implies continuity with the past".

  2. 07/19/2020

    MEMORY - MEMORY-HISTORY

    Jacques Le Goff describes memory as a property of the mental function of the human brain, where the brain can retain certain functions, which it can activate in the future as they are past processes. Memory is subject to conscious or unconscious manipulation which is affected by emotion, desire, suspension, censorship on individual memory. In this context, collective memory is a major stake between state power and societies. The purpose of power is to manipulate memory and oblivion to legitimize its state choices. According to Pierre Nora, memory and history are in fundamental contrast. Memory is experienced in living societies in life. It remains constantly evolving open to the dialectic of remembrance and oblivion, vulnerable to manipulation and appropriation. History, on the other hand, is constantly being reconstructed with a problematic and incomplete interpretation. Memory is our bond with the present and history is a representation of the past. Memory, to the extent that it is emotional, hosts only those events that match and feed the memories. History is a spiritual and secular production, it requires analysis and interpretation. The transition from memory to history has required every social group to redefine its identity through the revitalization of its history. The task of memory makes everyone tell their own story. The demand for history has surpassed the circle of professional historians. Those who have long been marginalized by traditional history feel the need to recover their buried past. Following the example of ethnic groups and social minorities, each established group, intellectual or not, feels the need to seek its own origin and identity. Jacques Le Goff states that "in the same way that the past is not history itself, but its object, so inan is not history, but one of its objects." The present determines how we perceive the past. The culture also depending on the perceptions and knowledge it has acquired over time will integrate the past accordingly. As Liakos states, the perception of the past depends on the cultural availability of the present. Which elements of the past will be utilized by memory and which will not. According to Liakos, this process is called "cultural note of the historical past". Culture is the environment in which the message of history emerges. "The historian comes into contact with the past through the successive approaches of the present to the past, as they are embedded in the mnemonic and historical tradition."

  3. 07/19/2020

    COLLECTIVE MEMORY AND SPACE

    One of the means of manifestation of the collective memory is the phenomenon of commemoration that began to be applied at the end of the 19th century after the end of the A.P.P and concerned the erection of monuments for the dead of the war. Monuments of the unknown soldier began to be erected in many countries with the aim of instilling the framework of common memory in the name of national cohesion through the boundaries between memory and anonymity. In the following years, the monuments and the space play a decisive role in the formation of the collective and individual memory as the traces of an important and at the same time traumatic event such as the B.P.P that followed have been imprinted in the space. Maurice Haldwachs was the first to systematically address the issue of collective memory. The central meaning in his thinking is based on the logic that the past is a social construction that is shaped by the needs of the present. So the past is reconstructed in the present. He argues that memory is a social practice, clearly oriented away from any form of individual and psychological explanation. To him, history is an organic and overly rationalized version of the past, as opposed to memory, which is closely linked to collective experience. He first used the term "collective memory", separating it from individual memory. Maurice Halbwachs's work on collective memory was the first attempt to define the concept of collective memory. For Halbwachs, collective or social memory was rooted in the belief that individuals only as members of a social group, family, religious community, and class are able to locate, acquire, and recall memories. Memory is a way in which a social group can maintain its community identity and through the social group individuals recall these memories. Collective memory is constructed, shared and transmitted by the social group to which each person belongs and not individually. When a group enters the space, it shapes it according to its "wants", but at the same time it adapts to the material objects that resist the changes. In this way the group remains fixated on the influence of material nature and bears characteristics of its balance. The stable relationship of the team with the space shapes and the idea it has for itself, it essentially regulates its evolution. Space plays a crucial role in shaping the collective memory of the team. The site has accepted the team footprint and vice versa. Spatial frames of memory are of two types: The "familiar", local frame consisting of objects, houses, streets, stones, trees that are vulnerable to change, and the second type of spatial frame of memory is the "symbolic memory" acquired during the life span of a man who is difficult to change. Space is one of the social frameworks of memory, forming an interaction between individual memory and collective memory.

  4. Episode 2 Trailer

    PUBLIC HISTORY

    Public history examines the many ways in which history operates in multiple spaces - in museums, monuments and public and private cultural heritage sites, on the internet. Public history also looks at ways of preserving history in archives and other heritage institutions and forms of communication about the past used in film and television documentaries. Public history explores history beyond the conventional classroom and brings together oral history, digital storytelling, and critical thinking archival practices through shared memory, family history, and institutional historical works. Academic and institutionalized versions of history often obscure and soften the voices of many, and public history seeks to retrieve and document these narratives in order to create a more democratic detailed account of our past. The practice of public history is to make historical records consisting of documents, photographs, and recordings readily available on many historical sites and cultural heritage museums. Public history also tries to communicate stories through virtual experiences on the internet. In the future, the internet will continue to grow, offering opportunities to explore the connections between history, culture and archival practices through critical readings in this emerging field.

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