This is the very first episode of Present Parallels, a podcast that examines current events through the lens of history. This week: Fake News and Pandemics. Fake news has been present throughout history, and it has had a huge effect on the fate of the world, especially in vulnerable times like during a pandemic. So in the time of the COVID-19 epidemic, what can we learn from the past? Sources Adeline, Stephanie, Connie Hanzhang Jin, Alyson Hurt, Thomas Wilburn, Daniel Wood, and Ruth Talbot. “Tracking The Pandemic: Are Coronavirus Cases Rising Or Falling In Your State?” NPR. NPR, June 27, 2020. https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/03/16/816707182/map-tracking-the-spread-of-the-coronavirus-in-the-u-s. Boghardt, Thomas. “Soviet Bloc Intelligence and Its AIDS Disinformation Campaign.” Studdies in Intelligence , 4, 53 (2009). Cartwright, Mark. “Byzantine Empire.” Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, June 24, 2020. https://www.ancient.eu/Byzantine_Empire/. “FAKE NEWS: Definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary.” FAKE NEWS | definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary. Accessed June 27, 2020. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/fake-news. Korte, Nadine Elizabeth. “Procopius' Portrayal Of Theodora in the Secret History: ‘Her Charity Was Universal.’” The McGill Journal of Classical Studies III (2005): 109–30. https://mcgill.ca/classics/files/classics/2004-09.pdf. Kramer, Mark. “Lessons From Operation ‘Denver," the KGB's Massive AIDS Disinformation Campaign.” The MIT Press Reader. MIT , May 29, 2020. https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/operation-denver-kgb-aids-disinformation-campaign/. LePan, Nicholas. “Visualizing the History of Pandemics.” Visual Capitalist, June 22, 2020. https://www.visualcapitalist.com/history-of-pandemics-deadliest/. Mark, Joshua J. “Procopius on the Plague of Justinian: Text & Commentary.” Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, June 26, 2020. https://www.ancient.eu/article/1536/procopius-on-the-plague-of-justinian-text--comment/. Schneier, Bruce. “We Must Prepare for the Next Pandemic.” The New York Times. The New York Times, June 17, 2019. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/17/opinion/pandemic-fake-news.html. “A Timeline of HIV and AIDS.” HIV.gov. Minority HIV/AIDS Fund, June 29, 2020. https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/history/hiv-and-aids-timeline. Walker, Jay. “Civil Society's Role in a Public Health Crisis.” Issues in Science and Technology. Issues in Science and Technology, June 20, 2019. https://issues.org/civil-societys-role-in-a-public-health-crisis/. “Where Did HIV Come from?” Where did HIV come from? | The AIDS Institute, 2011. https://www.theaidsinstitute.org/education/aids-101/where-did-hiv-come-0. “WHO Timeline - COVID-19.” World Health Organization. World Health Organization, 2020. https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/27-04-2020-who-timeline---covid-19.