The Inclusive Growth Podcast - hosted by the Centre for Progressive Policy Centre for Progressive Policy

Episode 2 of the ‘Inclusive Growth Podcast: Post-COP26: how to ensure a fair transition to a green economy?  
CPP Co-Director, Zoë Billingham, discusses the fallout from the COP26 conference and where we go next to deliver a fair transition to net zero with Nick Tyrone and Professor Karen Turner. Nick Tyrone is a journalist and CPP Visiting Fellow and Professor Karen Turner is Director of the Centre for Energy Policy at the University of Strathclyde and former Scottish Just Transition Commissioner.
Episode two unpacks where the government has got to on the fair transition to net zero, starting from the premise that the cost of inaction on climate change is far more than the cost of preventative action today. In the UK, CPP estimates that 2.4 million people rely on jobs in with high greenhouse gas emissions – industries which will need to industrially transform or decline over time. In this episode, we discuss how the transition can be delivered in a way that protects those vulnerable to a change from a carbon intense to a greener economy.

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From the Industrial Revolution to the internet, capitalism has been a great engine of human progress. But, according to the Spectator business editor it now stands accused of allowing the greedy few to run riot over the rest of society, exploiting workers and suppliers and recklessly damaging the planet in pursuit of profit. Where did these accusations come from – and are they true?
Martin Vander Weyer will argue in this in-conversation with journalist Edie Lush that capitalism has indeed lost its moral compass, lost public trust and is in urgent need of repair.
This reflective end-of-year event will ask, amongst other questions: Do businesses always operate in a social context? Can a ‘good’ business in a moral sense also be a business that rewards its creators and backers? What does 21st-century capitalism look like? Can faith in entrepreneurship and private-sector investment be reinstalled as a proven path to innovation and prosperity? If so, which of the core principles of our economic systems need revived? And is reaching net zero at the heart of its revival?
This event builds on CPP’s previous work on the Role of Business in Society and on previous discussions such as the role of corporations in levelling up.

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For the last decade, stagnant real wages have squeezed living standards, wealth has become increasingly concentrated and having a job has been no guarantee of stable, secure or sufficient income. The economy is no longer producing the quality of jobs people need to support their families and opportunities vary depending on where people live and what their background is. The pandemic has exacerbated the UK’s longstanding regional inequality and the questions of how to ensure the transition to a green economy - is gaining prominence.
As inequality worsens and the capacity for communities around the world to shake off economic challenges is depleted, the case for switching to a new ‘inclusive growth’ model is intensifying.
At the heart of our work is the belief that inclusive growth can allow individuals, families and communities across the UK to contribute and benefit from shared prosperity. For this to happen, people need access to good jobs and a supportive social infrastructure, including health, skills training and childcare. Economic policy must reflect this and recognise inclusive growth as a driver of productivity, both nationally and locally.
In our first podcast, CPP’s director Charlotte Alldritt speaks with CPP’s Head of Research, Ben Franklin; the Senior Lead of the Inclusive Growth Network hosted by CPP, Annabel Smith; and Ben Lucas, Managing Director at Metro Dynamics.
Our guests will be discussing why inclusive growth has never been more important and what they would like to see in the upcoming Spending Review, Budget and Levelling up White Paper - set to be published by the UK Government. 

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One of the 100 most influential people in the world according to TIME Magazine, Dr. Dambisa Moyo is a best-selling author and economist. Her work is focussed on the future of economic growth and placing living standards at the backbone of human progress. According to Moyo, the world is facing threatening economic headwinds including income inequality, the growing risk of a jobless underclass as digitalisation takes hold, unsustainable global debt and demographics shifts. All of these challenges require tackling the economic structures of work, health and education. In her recent book ‘How Boards Work’, Moyo addresses the levers and limitations boards have to create change across the business landscape. She poses questions around their purpose, around how they should balance profit motives with growing broader expectations of society and how they should approach quotas as they look to address diversity.
Against the backdrop of a global drive for inclusive economic recovery from the pandemic, the challenges of transitioning to net zero, a rise of protectionism and new and emerging technologies, this event will consider how the future of capitalism will be shaped in the coming years and what role corporations should play when it comes to levelling up.

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If the Trump era was about America First, President Joe Biden has made his administration about ‘jobs first’ – both in recovering from the greatest economic crisis since the Great Depression and in responding to climate change. Similarly, Prime Minster Boris Johnson – invigorated by a swathe of Conservative party victories in recent elections – has promised that the UK will go ‘from jab, jab, jab to jobs, jobs, jobs’. The US and the UK face the same conjuncture. The economics and politics of both countries have been driven increasingly by the salience of division and inequality – whether regional, racial, health, wealth or income related.
Upon assuming the presidency, Joe Biden set out a vision for unity to rebuild in the devastating wake of Covid-19, but it would be no mean feat against a backdrop of historic uprising in the Washington State Capitol and the Black Lives Matter protests that had swept the nation – and the world – over the previous summer. With long term stagnant to falling middle class wages, an ever-polarising city vs rural divide and Covid pushing over 2 million women out of the US workforce, the question of how to build back better, and what this could mean for different people and places will define the future of the country in decades to come. In the UK, the challenges of shaping new, post-Brexit trade links are as much about responding to the grievances of the former red wall as an exercise in foreign diplomacy. The result in the recent Hartlepool by-election typifies the scale of political dislocation from ‘traditional’ values and voting patterns, all while our very constitutional existence is under question as a United Kingdom.
Much hope on both sides of the Atlantic has been pinned on the creation of new, green jobs – simultaneously driving prosperity and reducing climate emissions. Trillions of dollars have been committed by the US President for investment in physical and – notably – social infrastructure. This investment-led approach to more sustainable, inclusive growth has been heralded by some as the timely and long overdue introduction of a firmer social safety net. Others fear the impact of this approach, overheating the economy with the sheer scale of federal financial intervention and shifting the US towards a model directly opposed to its founding 'small State’ principles. Meanwhile Boris Johnson’s Conservative Party is leading a seismic shift in UK politics in its mission to level up by tackling ingrained regional inequalities across the UK - territory previously the reserve of the Left. Investment in physical infrastructure and the quality of local high streets are high on the agenda, with the promise of a ‘skills and training revolution’ also in the offing.
What do UK and US leaders – national and local – need to do to deliver on the hope of building back better? What are the key barriers to success? What can the UK learn from its US counterparts, and vice versa? How do we prevent this moment being a missed opportunity for systemic change? Are we witnessing a more fundamental shift in the Anglo-Saxon model that has shaped the development of modern capitalism in the UK, US and beyond? What might the results of this shift be in the medium – longer term?
Panellists
Penny Abeywardena, NYC Commissioner & former Director of Girls and Women Integration (CGI)Heidi Binko, Executive Director & Co-Founder, Just Transition FundSunder Katwala, Director of British FutureBruce Katz, Founding Director of the Nowak Metro Finance Lab at Drexel University in PhiladelphiaSir John Kay, Economist

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The Centre for Progressive Policy talked to the former Chair of Ofqual, Roger Taylor, about what really happened during last year's exam debacle and what lessons we might draw on the future of algorithms, qualifications and fairness in education. Roger shared his thoughts publicly for the first time since stepping down from the regulator.
In 2020 Covid closed 90 per cent of the world's schools. In the long list of harm caused by the pandemic, the disruption to the education of a generation may prove to be long lasting. One acute aspect of this was the difficulties countries faced in administering examinations. The UK and Ireland chose the unusual route of using co teacher assessments and predictions to estimate likely results. There was widespread agreement about the viability, even desirability, of the policy amongst education leaders before the event; and wholesale rejection by the people affected by it. There is much to learn from this.
The episode has highlighted the tension between meritocracy and examinations. The Algorithm was rejected because it was intolerable that young people would have their futures determined by a prediction based on things such as which school they went to. Some were troubled by the extent to which some students would have done better than predicted. But others were equally troubled by the degree to which a child’s circumstances could account for how they would perform in exams. This year exams won’t be held because it would be unfair when children have had such different levels of access to education. But that leaves open the question of why they are fair in normal times, when pupils experience very different levels of educational support and the educational set backs that many children have suffered over the course of the pandemic will continue to affect them for years ahead.
These events undermine public trust in the fairness of exams. Many employers have similar concerns, some of whom are turning away from exam grades as an indicator of employability and are instead using their own assessments which they claim give them a better understanding of their candidates and support more diverse hiring. In the past, the temptation for politicians has been to try to diffuse these tensions by degrading the quality of educational assessment, allowing grades to inflate or adopting untrustworthy forms of assessment. Rather than allowing this to happen, we need an approach that improves and expands the range of information that young people can use to demonstrate their skills.
In this event, the former chair of Ofqual, Roger Taylor talked about fairness and quality in education and how the current system needs to change. Former Children's Commissioner Anne Longfield OBE and Chief Executive of the REC, Neil Carberry responded to the comments. The event was chaired by CPP's director Charlotte Alldritt.
Key questions included: How can we create an education and assessment system that operates as a driver of social mobility? Or do we have unfair expectations about the degree to which education can tackle wider social and economic inequalities? How can the Department for Education ensure learning and assessment enhance children’s opportunities and bridge young people’s skills and potential with employers? In what ways can employers be further involved in these policies and in practice? How can we align the needs of measuring what a young person can do and assessing their potential whilst ensuring education standards? What is the role of data and digital technology in ensuring that robust assessment complements a meritocratic education system?
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