Why do we enjoy being scared? For this year's Halloween special, I catch up with Holly Helprin to explore the psychology of fear. We start with what happens in the brain and body when we encounter a threat, before turning to a bigger question: why do some of us actively seek out frightening experiences? We discuss the amygdala, the fight-or-flight response, adrenaline, cortisol, dopamine and the limits of what we can actually measure about fear. We also consider how people can respond differently to frightening stimuli, including the fascinating case of a woman known as SM, who had damage to her amygdala and showed a reduced behavioural response to fear. We then work through several theories about why people enjoy fear, including: Sensation seeking – Marvin Zuckerman's theory that some people seek out novel, varied and intense experiences.Excitation transfer – Dolf Zillmann's theory that the physiological arousal associated with suspense and fear can contribute to enjoyment when a threat is resolved.The philosophy of horror – Noël Carroll's theory that horror attracts us partly because monsters represent violations of our culturally defined categories and norms.Recreational fear – Andersen and Clasen's theory that fear and enjoyment can coexist, with an optimal level of fear producing a kind of "sweet spot" for enjoyment.Morbid curiosity – Coltan Scrivner's theory that our interest in potentially dangerous things may help us learn about threats and their possible consequences.We also discuss what might be missing from these theories, including feminist approaches to horror from scholars such as Carol Clover, Barbara Creed and Julia Kristeva. Want to find out what kind of scary stuff you're into? Before recording the episode, Holly completed a couple of the measures we discuss and shares her results during our conversation: Zuckerman's Sensation-Seeking Scale – measures different aspects of sensation seeking, including thrill and adventure seeking, experience seeking, disinhibition and boredom susceptibility.Scrivner's Morbid Curiosity Test – measures different aspects of morbid curiosity, including interest in dangerous people, violence, bodily injuries and paranormal dangers.About Holly HelprinHolly Helprin is a researcher with expertise in youth mental health, program evaluation and culturally responsive methods. Outside of work and study, her special interest is horror films. Cite this episode MacDonald, J. B. & Helprin, H. (2026, October 27). Halloween Special (Part 1): Why Do We Enjoy Fear? (No. 33) [Audio podcast episode]. In Psych Attack. www.psychattack.com TranscriptThe transcript for this episode was developed using transcription software and may contain errors. Acknowledgements Psych Attack is created and hosted by Dr Jasmine B. MacDonald. The video and audio for this episode was edited by Morgan McRae. Special thanks to Holly Helprin for sharing your time and expertise. Sources: BiologyAdolphs R. (2013). The biology of fear. Current Biology, 23(2), R79–R93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2012.11.055 Cannon, W. B. (1915). Bodily changes in pain, hunger, fear and rage: An account of recent researches into the function of emotional excitement. D Appleton & Company. https://doi.org/10.1037/10013-000 Feinstein, J. S., Adolphs, R., Damasio, A., & Tranel, D. (2011). The human amygdala and the induction and experience of fear. Current biology, 21(1), 34–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2010.11.042 Steimer T. (2002). The biology of fear- and anxiety-related behaviors. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 4(3), 231–249. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2002.4.3/tsteimer Sources: Theories of why we enjoy fear Andersen, M. M., Schjoedt, U., Price, H., Rosas, F. E., Scrivner, C., & Clasen, M. (2020). Playing With Fear: A Field Study in Recreational Horror. Psychological science, 31(12), 1497–1510. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797620972116 Clasen, M., Kjeldgaard-Christiansen, J., & Johnson, J. A. (2018). Horror, Personality, and Threat Simulation: A Survey on the Psychology of Scary Media. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences, 14(3), 213–230. https://doi.org/10.1037/ebs0000152 Hoffner, C. A., & Levine, K. J. (2005). Enjoyment of Mediated Fright and Violence: A Meta-Analysis. Media Psychology, 7(2), 207–237. https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532785XMEP0702_5 Martin G. N. (2019). (Why) Do You Like Scary Movies? A Review of the Empirical Research on Psychological Responses to Horror Films. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 2298. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02298 Scrivner, C. (2021). The psychology of morbid curiosity: Development and initial validation of the morbid curiosity scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.111139 Tudor, A. (1997). Why Horror? The Peculiar Pleasures of a Popular Genre. Cultural Studies, 11(3), 443–463. https://doi.org/10.1080/095023897335691