Brownstone Journal

Brownstone Institute

Daily readings from Brownstone Institute authors, contributors, and researchers on public health, philosophy, science, and economics.

  1. 15h ago

    The Trouble with Cancer Screening in Healthy Adults References

    By Alan Cassels at Brownstone dot org. You are an otherwise healthy person, and you want to keep it that way. However, wherever you turn you are being told that your current state of 'health' is tentative; You could be sick and not know it. Maybe you have something lurking inside — possibly an early sign of cancer — so shouldn't you do something? After all, better safe than sorry, right? Consider this statement from Dr. David Sackett in The Arrogance of Preventive Medicine, CMAJ Aug 20, 2002: Preventive medicine displays all 3 elements of arrogance. First, it is aggressively assertive, pursuing symptomless individuals and telling them what they must do to remain healthy. Second, preventive medicine is presumptuous, confident that the interventions it espouses will, on average, do more good than harm to those who accept and adhere to them. Finally, preventive medicine is overbearing, attacking those who question the value of its recommendations. We have whole industries set up to discover potentially deadly cancers inside our breasts, prostates, lungs, cervixes or colons and your doctor, ever helpful and concerned about your future, suggests that you submit to screening. Guidelines recommend it, influencers push it and "survivors" preach of the benefits of screening. "Better Safe than Sorry" is not just an axiom that rules our lives, it is frequently unchallengeable. After all, only an idiot would avoid early cancer screening, especially if such screening could save their lives, right? Let me be the bearer of blunt news: Cancer screening in otherwise healthy people doesn't save lives. We've been sold a bill of goods by screening industries consistently overselling the benefits and underselling the harms. Those promoting screening boldly declare that the war on a specific cancer is being won, even though the data doesn't show that screened patients live any longer than unscreened. Looking closely at the evidence of established screening programs drawn from randomized trials and meta-analyses of thousands of healthy people, you find that screening breasts, lungs, colons, cervixes, or prostates are good at finding early signs of cancer, but that detection doesn't lead to lower overall death rates. (see table below) Let me be clear to whom I'm speaking: healthy people. If you are a person with any symptoms, or perhaps even a family history that might suggest you would be at higher risk of certain types of illness, asking for screening might make sense. But I am talking about otherwise healthy people who are living their lives perfectly well, but told that by submitting to a screening test (of whatever organ) they are going to live longer. Mammography is proven to save lives, right? Let's take the one cancer screening program that has the best, and most robust evidence from dozens of high-quality randomized trials: mammography. The most basic assumption with mammography is that it will find small, treatable cancers in the breasts of otherwise healthy, symptom-free women, and save their lives by stopping those tumors from growing into larger malignant cancers that could kill them. This is a very appealing assumption that drives the whole machinery of mammography. However, the largest screening trials repeatedly show that any reductions in breast cancer deaths are not matched by fewer deaths overall. One large trial analysis showed that the cumulative risk of breast cancer death to age 60 was 0.53% with mammography vs 0.48% without, an absolute difference of 0.05 percentage points. This means that for every 2,000 women invited for screening over 10 years, one will not die from breast cancer. There is however, no difference in death rates between screened groups and unscreened groups. Oh, and before we forget to mention, along the way, it also means that at least 10 healthy women out of those 2,000 will be treated unnecessarily. What is going on? Commentators have suggested two possibilities: the trials were too small to detect an o...

    9 min
  2. 1d ago

    AI Doomsday Warnings Distract from More Imminent AI Concerns

    By Daniel Nuccio at Brownstone dot org. AI is everywhere. It's getting incorporated into everything. That's simply progress, we're told. And therefore we need to embrace it, lest we look like a Luddite and let China win (whatever that means). Yet, simultaneously, a lot of people also are afraid because of AI. Very afraid. And sometimes, we're told that we should be afraid too. However, in public discourse surrounding AI, there often can be a lack of detail regarding what specifically we're supposed to be afraid of. Sometimes it is not even clear what is meant by the term "AI." Technically speaking, as I have touched on previously, one could argue (as some older computer scientists do) that AI is an umbrella term for a family of algorithms based in math that sometimes dates back more than a half-century. Practically speaking, numerous programs we've been living with for years like Google Maps and Amazon's recommender system can be thought of as AI despite their lack of novelty. Yet, in public discourse, the term AI tends to refer to generative AI (e.g, ChatGPT), as well as any number of hypothetical future programs that will do everything humans can do but better, will therefore both solve all our problems while also putting most of us out of work, and also eventually just might decide to go full Skynet on us unless they decide that we're not worth the trouble. (Sounds pretty sexy. Perhaps someone should make a series of movies about it. Perhaps people will even like two out of five of them.) Unfortunately, though, these more hyperbolic, sci-fi depictions of the threat(s) posed by AI tend to get more attention than, and consequently distract from, more realistic and more imminent threats pertaining to privacy, freedom, autonomy, and even just a way of life many of us have come to enjoy. Automatic license plate readers, facial recognition, digital grandmothers, mandatory drunk and distracted driving detection programs, any of the technologies "grandson" was shouting about in "Autonomous Delivery Robot," and wearable recording devices that transcribe and process in-person conversations for the anti-social and easily distracted are just of a few of the more realistic threats that come to mind. (And this by no means is a complete list). Therefore, I tend to appreciate when members of our ruling class can take a morning to have a measured conversation about fairly well-defined threats posed by this technology (or suite of technologies), as was done at the US House of Representatives' Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Protection Subcommittee's June 4 meeting on the "AI Security Landscape." Superficially, the meeting's discussion could probably be framed in terms of "Is the greatest threat posed by AI an external one in the form of foreign hackers looking to exploit vulnerabilities in the software controlling the United States' critical infrastructure or an internal one born from the lack of regulation and accountability for AI's use at home?" From watching the discussion, however, it seemed less like a matter of "either or" and more like an uncontested response of "Yes and…" Sandra Joyce of Google, Frontier Model Forum executive director Chris Meserole, and Corridor Security Inc. CEO and co-founder Jack Cable provided testimony regarding how AI is transforming the cybersecurity landscape as digital weapons fall into the hands of the cyber-barbarians at the gates who will use those weapons to find vulnerabilities in our critical infrastructure and/or deploy ransomware attacks. "This technology has impacted cybersecurity in profound ways for both the defender and the attacker," stated Joyce. "[H]ackers have more powerful tools than ever," Cable noted, naming Mythos and GPT-5.5 specifically. "These models aren't just hype," he warned. "They are truly starting to rival or exceed humans on security tasks and do so at an unprecedented scale." Joyce suggested "threat actors" don't even need something like Mythos and can be quite capable o...

    6 min
  3. 2d ago

    The Big Picture of Extraordinary Evil in 428 Words

    By Jeffrey A. Tucker at Brownstone dot org. Life seemed to be going along pretty normally when the third month of 2020 hit and all our lives, and the lives of billions around the world, were thrown into upheaval. We've spent the last six years trying to figure it out and so have many others. The revelations are flying fast and furious, so much that we can hardly keep up. We have meetings, groups, publications, phone calls, and share as many links and data points as we can. No matter what we do, the big story continues to be elusive. There are two reasons for this. First, the national media does not care. It happened. It's over. We survived. Who cares? Second, the reality is literally incomprehensible. Too many data points. Too many institutions. Too many motivations. They all flew into motion at once. Separating prime from second movers is impossible. Those who try to make sense of it all come across like conspiracy theorists at best and babbling lunatics at worst. I don't like to sound this way. But every time I try to present what I know in a calm, rational, wholly reasonable way, I sense that I'm not capturing the fullness of it all. What I've attempted below is my best undertaking at reconstruction. It has no links so I invite you to use the AI tool on this website that has been trained by 4,000-plus site records and countless numbers of outside links. If it sounds implausible, I can only assure you that it is not. You might know more than I do and could write something better. If so, drop me an email and we might publish a compendium. The goal is short (no longer than 500 words), evocative, comprehensive, no exaggerations, and verifiably accurate. Here is my own attempt. In 2019 or before, a US-funded biolab in Wuhan, China, one of some 120 in 30 countries, made a virus and inoculation based on an American recipe that leaked and spread, causing worry that US/UK officials would be blamed. They formulated a well-rehearsed fallback: lie about the lab origins and prepare the population for the antidote based on a new gene-editing technology that otherwise would never have been approved on grounds that it was too dangerous and not effective. That scheme could turn would-be villains into saviors. That required buying time while preserving pre-leak immunity profiles of the population via lockdowns for nine months until the injection was put through perfunctory trials and available; hence the travel restrictions, stay-at-home orders, masks, distancing, and canceled events. During this time there had to be mass censorship of people who caught on, a manufactured panic, widespread trauma, school closures, a removal of other therapeutic options, millions of business failures, a shutdown of the arts and religious practice, plus various technical manipulations along the way like redefining exposures as cases, running PCR tests at high cycle rates, and paying for death misclassifications. This was essentially cosplaying a level of severity that did not exist – despite inevitably rising seroprevalence and natural immunity – in order to ramp up demand for the incoming pharmaceutical product. There was also a political coattail rider: infectious disease panic enabled a new experiment in mail-in ballots, encouraged by the CDC even before the lockdowns began, thus unleashing mass ballot fraud designed to defeat the rise of populism in all countries and creating conditions for closer citizen surveillance and digital identification systems necessitating mass data centers. The scheme also required a printing/spending binge to paper over vast economic damage, policies that would hack off a third of the value of the dollar, leaving vast carnage, but permitting an indemnified pharmaceutical experiment on the whole population, meaning that mass injury would have no recourse in law. When the shot finally appeared, uptake was too low to create the expected profit windfall, plus government had a surplus it needed to dump before expiration, thus tri...

    4 min
  4. 2d ago

    The Courage to Remain Uncertain A Room Full of Questions Medicine's Long Lesson in Humility The Privilege of Being Wrong The Modern Obsession with Certainty Curiosity as a Virtue Why Uncertainty Matters The Questions That Remain

    By Joseph Varon at Brownstone dot org. A few days ago, I spent time with a remarkable group of people from many professions and backgrounds, the Brownstone Fellows and Scholars. Some were physicians, others were scientists, economists, historians, attorneys, writers, and scholars. They often disagreed, sometimes strongly. But as I listened, I noticed something rare these days: people felt comfortable asking questions without needing immediate answers. That moment stayed with me after the gathering. On my flight home, I thought about why the atmosphere felt so refreshing. It was not because everyone was brilliant, though many were, or because they all agreed. In fact, it was the opposite. What stood out was their willingness to explore uncertainty without feeling threatened. No one rushed to settle debates, simplify complex topics, or force every discussion to a final answer. This experience reminded me of a lesson I have learned many times in medicine. The most important questions often do not have easy answers. As I get older, I am less impressed by certainty and more by curiosity. Certainty can feel safe, but curiosity is what helps us grow. It keeps us learning, questioning, and most of all, humble. Today, people often confuse certainty with wisdom. Confidence is rewarded in public discussions, on television, and on social media. The person who sounds most sure is often seen as the expert. But in my experience, confidence and wisdom do not always go together. Some of the wisest people I know are quick to admit what they do not know. I have spent much of my adult life working in intensive care units. Critical care teaches lessons that no textbook can fully explain. At first, every physician thinks knowledge is the key to success. We study, memorize facts, and learn protocols. Knowledge is important, but medicine eventually teaches us something else: knowledge alone is not enough. The ICU is a tough teacher. It shows us that people are more complex than any model or algorithm. Some patients arrive very sick and recover when we least expect it. Others seem stable but get worse. Every experienced ICU doctor has stories that stay with them for years, cases that seemed simple but were not, diagnoses that changed with new information, treatments that failed, and recoveries that seemed impossible. When I started my career, I thought experience would eventually remove uncertainty. I believed that with enough years, I could predict outcomes more accurately. In some ways, this is true. Experience does improve judgment and helps us spot warning signs. But it also brings something else: humility. The more years I spent in medicine, the more I saw how much we still do not know. Experience did not erase uncertainty; it showed me how often it remains. Good doctors learn to make decisions even when they do not have all the facts. They act with confidence but admit they might not see the whole picture. This balance is one of the most important and least recognized parts of medicine. I often tell medical students that medicine is not about certainty, but about probability. We look at evidence, weigh risks, and make the best choices we can with what we know. Patients sometimes think doctors are more certain than we really are. In truth, much of medicine is about working in the gray areas. The real challenge is not getting rid of uncertainty but learning to work with it. Over time, I have grown wary of people who seem completely certain about complex topics. This does not mean they are always wrong, but life has taught me to be careful when someone acts as if a complicated issue is fully settled. Reality is rarely that simple, and people are not either. One of the most valuable lessons medicine teaches is something that sounds counterintuitive. I am specifically talking about learning that being wrong can be a privilege, even if it sounds surprising. Otherwise, a clinician is either fooling himself/herself or attempting to fool everyone else...

    9 min
  5. 3d ago

    Finding American Integrity

    By Joe Murphy at Brownstone dot org. Last week, Dr. Steven Quay published recommendations to improve the integrity of the nation's biosecurity research following the Covid-19 crisis. Dr. Quay is a prominent figure in the resistance to the Covid-19 origins coverup in addition to his medical and academic pedigrees. His recommendations complement those of James Erdman, an Office of the Director of National Intelligence and CIA professional, who articulated before Congress in April that the government's biosecurity apparatus is convoluted, clumsy, and unaccountable. I echoed similar comments in a prior piece from my perspective as a military officer also involved in countering the coverup. In the vein of Dr. Quay and Mr. Erdman's recommendations, I offer further comments towards America's Covid-19 post-mortem. Dr. Quay makes five recommendations, two of which I'll expand upon. 1. Review high-risk research through a federal "Life Sciences Research Security Board." Any such board should include military officers (non-doctors) who are familiar with the overarching threat picture to the United States (to the highest classification), especially if the researchers propose to do this research for national security reasons, which is commonly the pitch. Uniformed officers can provide a degree of measure to the rationale for the research as compared to the entire threat picture. In the case of Covid, they would have assessed whether it was worth applying resources to risky research like that of the DEFUSE proposal in lieu of resourcing capabilities to counter China's anti-access/area denial capability so the military can actually operate inside the first island chain in the Pacific. We do not need a SARS-related-CoV vaccine for troops in the western Pacific if we cannot even get our troops inside the threat ring to fight China. In hindsight, placing biodefense beneath NIAID in the early 2000s isolated it from uniformed military rigor, realism, and accountability. This board representation is probably the Joint Staff J3 himself or the J3 staff. Before a new board is considered, perhaps placing biodefense back inside the military with military officer corps (not civilian DOW employee) oversight will be a more effective instrument. A comparable matter is that of autonomous weapons, which must be approved through the chain of command and ultimately by the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff before operational use is authorized. This process ensures that uniformed officers are the decision-makers and also that there is ultimately a single decision-maker who owns the decision, owns the risk, is responsible for execution, and is accountable if there are screwups. Like the Covid-19 response, where there is no single individual decision-maker responsible for the response (in violation of the nation's principle of Unity of Command and every other intelligence and military operation that the United States conducts), a board cannot be held accountable if there are mistakes made with the approved research. This especially applies if the intelligence community intends to leverage foreign research for collections, which again raises the appropriate resourcing questions, as well as induces operational risk to assess (in the case of Covid, the risk being that the IC contributes to the coverup possibly because it is so intertwined with the research it leveraged but failed to supervise). 2. Build targeted surveillance where risk concentrates: airports, seaports, city wastewater systems, live-animal markets, and communities near high-containment laboratories. I do not disagree with this point. I do disagree with the biosecurity community's near-obsession with doing surveillance everywhere. We do not need to know everywhere the pathogen is. We need to know how to treat it. The problem is not that it exists and spreads. The problem is that it can potentially make some people sick. Spread is not a tangible thing and therefore cannot be a tangible threat...

    12 min
  6. 4d ago

    The Infectious Disease Frenzy

    By David Bell at Brownstone dot org. In our enlightened age the public seems tirelessly bombarded with warnings of existential threat from infectious disease. Another distant outbreak is spreading, this time it could be Disease X! "…and there is no vaccine …!" How, one might ask, is our species still extant? A few decades ago, life was less torn by impending doom. Public health officials were investigating diarrhoea outbreaks linked to the local café. The Woodstock festival happened during the last large influenza pandemic, and no one really noticed, let alone wore a mask. They just listened to the music, lived as their ancestors had, and somehow managed to expand the species. Medical technology and biotech innovation have blossomed since Woodstock. If you had a heart attack in the 1960s, you got some morphine for pain and a firm mattress, a bit of nitroglycerin under the tongue or some basic drugs to steady an erratic heartbeat. Now you will be rushed into a maze of tubes and monitors, clot-dissolving drugs and pacing wires, multiple modes of imaging followed perhaps by rapid surgery to remove a persisting blockage. Far fewer people die; it's all good and considered worth the money. The world of infectious diseases is very different. It faces an intrinsic market failure. While an increasingly old and fat population ensures a growing cardiac disease market, infectious diseases are on an inexorable decline. Biotech innovation has churned out all manner of new tests to allow us to distinguish pathogens, strains of pathogens, and variants of strains, but from a declining background of illness. Germs develop resistance but we keep developing new antibiotics to replace those failing, imperfectly but sufficient to maintain the decline. Vaccine development in this context is a bright spot amidst a dismal outlook – the golden egg that can be sold to the healthy rather than a declining market of the sick. Modified-RNA genetic therapeutics, reclassified as vaccines, now allow companies to virtually print new vaccines in months. But it's still necessary to convince people who are under no imminent threat to become consumers. Additionally, while some vaccines such as those for measles can effectively reduce circulation of pathogens, most mortality decline even from measles occurred before the availability of vaccines for these "vaccine-preventable diseases." Nutrition, sanitation, and better living conditions removed up to 98% of measles deaths in wealthy countries. The marketing term 'vaccine preventable diseases' has helped, as has sponsorship of medical colleges, but the public is less readily bought than doctors and are increasingly aware that former scourges such as plague, typhus, and scarlet fever, for which no vaccines exist, have declined at much the same rate. Vaccines for the classic vaccine-preventable diseases are also mostly beyond the 15-year window at which intellectual property commonly expires and potential for return on investment declines accordingly. This creates a challenge. Companies must replace existing vaccines with new technologies such as modRNA and claim they are somehow better, or find new diseases. History has shown that very little is beyond the ability of humans to adapt. As Covid-19 further demonstrated, it is fear of infectious disease that matters – you don't need bodies in the street. So, you don't need bad new diseases, which would be difficult, but just stuff the public has never paid attention to before. Locking down young and middle-aged people and wrecking their businesses, then coercing vaccination as a way back to 'freedom,' would have been impossible at the time of Woodstock in 1969, or even in 1999. It is too obviously egregiously fascist, and people then still retained memories of mid-20 century Europe. The SARS outbreak in 2003 changed things, kindling possibilities for investment, and a lot of legwork went into behavioural science techniques afterward. Prepping of media and the public im...

    8 min
  7. 5d ago

    Aaron Siri's Book: Vaccines, Amen The Burden of Proof The Placebo Problem Crediting Vaccines for Miracles What about Polio? The Altruism Claim Baptised Science and Buried Evidence When Evidence Becomes Inconvenient Sure, There Were Also Moments of Anger

    By Maryanne Demasi at Brownstone dot org. For decades, vaccines have been treated as the sacred cow of modern medicine. I was taught that they were the holy grail. To question them was heresy. To raise concerns about safety was to risk professional exile. Aaron Siri makes it clear in Vaccines, Amen: The Religion of Vaccines that the story we've been told about vaccine science rests far more on belief than proof. "No child should be sacrificed on the altar of the religion of vaccines," Siri writes, as he turns his focus to America's overcrowded childhood immunisation schedule. I assumed little in this book would surprise me. I've spent years reporting on drug safety, regulatory capture, and the corruption of science. But Siri showed me how wrong I was. Siri is not a doctor or a scientist. He is an attorney, and this, he says, is his advantage. In court, rhetoric won't save you. Evidence does. As he puts it, he doesn't get to say "trust me" the way many doctors do. "I need to prove claims with real data." And he does. He has lived this work for years — representing vaccine-injured families, fighting Freedom of Information battles, and suing government agencies. The book reads like a cross-examination — precise, uncompromising, and hard to dismiss. One of Siri's sharpest points is also the simplest. He asks, who bears the burden of proof? "The onus is not on you to show that a product someone wants to inject into you or your baby is unsafe," he writes. "The onus is on that person to prove to you it is safe. It is their burden." That principle should be uncontroversial, yet vaccine policy often flips it. Parents who ask questions are treated as obstacles, even threats. Siri's argument is basic: the burden rests with the party making the claim. He traces that inversion to 1986, when Congress passed the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act, insulating vaccine manufacturers from liability. I've reported on how this shifted incentives away from proving safety and towards expanding the schedule without fear of legal consequence. Once accountability was removed, the obligation to rigorously demonstrate safety eroded alongside it. Siri dismantles the myth of placebo-controlled vaccine trials in painstaking detail. A placebo, he writes, should be inert — saline, or something biologically inactive. And yet, as he argues, "when it comes to children, every vaccine on the schedule was tested against a placebo control group, right? Sadly, that virtually never occurs." Instead, many vaccines were tested against other vaccines, or against aluminium adjuvants — substances specifically designed to provoke an immune response. Siri calls this what it is: a corruption of science. Without a true placebo, you cannot reliably determine whether adverse events are caused by the vaccine itself. I've reported on this same sleight of hand in the Gardasil trials, where young women were told they received a saline placebo when, in fact, they were given aluminium adjuvant — an active comparator with known biological effects. There's another claim that comes up constantly in medicine — and in the interest of full disclosure, I've said versions of it myself. People don't value vaccines because they don't see the diseases anymore. Measles, diphtheria, whooping cough — gone. "The evidence is clear," I used to say, "and we can thank vaccines for that." Reading Siri's chapters on this, I felt a growing discomfort. He takes the belief apart slowly, drawing on historical mortality data I hadn't previously sat with in any depth. What struck me wasn't a single chart, but the consistency of the pattern. For measles, deaths had already fallen dramatically before a vaccine was introduced. The same was true for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. In each case, mortality had declined by more than 90% prior to vaccination. What changed during that period was sanitation, clean water, nutrition, housing, and advances in acute medical care. Deaths from infectious disease fel...

    13 min
  8. 6d ago

    RIP Warner Mendenhall

    By Lucia Sinatra at Brownstone dot org. There are people who enter your life not by chance, but by purpose — who arrive precisely when the world feels most confusing and frightening, and who hand you the courage to build something you know will help other families who feel as you do during tumultuous and uncertain times. Warner Mendenhall was that person for me, and for so many others who had the privilege of knowing him. He passed away on June 8, 2026 from complications related to his advanced colon cancer. I came to know Warner in 2021 through fellow advocates in the health freedom movement at a time when college students across the country were being stripped of their right to informed consent. Covid-19 vaccine mandates were descending on campuses with little scientific justification, and families were left uncertain about whether their students could return to in-person learning without being coerced to take these experimental medical treatments. From the earliest days of the pandemic, Warner could see the writing on the wall before many others could. He had already built a successful law firm defending individual freedom and protecting constitutional rights for clients who had nowhere else to turn. He took great pride in helping those who felt hopeless, and he built a legacy on it which will carry on in his name. At the time that I met Warner, he was one of the only attorneys in the country who had filed lawsuits against four Ohio colleges for their sweeping and unjustified pandemic policies — policies that were discriminatory, disruptive, and wrong on every level. In our heads and in our hearts, many of us knew these policies were wrong, but when we found one of the only lawyers fighting them, it gave us back the hope we had lost. To meet Warner was to be immediately disarmed. Outwardly, he was jovial, kind, and gentle — extraordinarily well-spoken on individual freedoms and the law, yet always warm and approachable. He had the rare gift of making you feel that your fight mattered as much to him as it did to you. But beneath that warmth lived a fierce and unyielding advocate, a man with the strongest moral compass I have ever encountered. He had an acute sense of right and wrong, and once he decided something was unjust, nothing could stop him from working towards making it right. What made Warner truly extraordinary, beyond his legal brilliance, was his boundless generosity of spirit. He spent countless hours on Clubhouse and X Spaces, speaking with me as co-founder of No College Mandates, with frightened parents, confused students, and overwhelmed professors — all of us trying to make sense of policies that simply made no sense. He never accepted a dollar for that time. He wouldn't have. He was there because he believed it was right to be there, and that was enough for him. I remember so clearly how many of us — myself especially — feared stepping forward to challenge academic institutions. We were neither scientists nor public health experts, but it didn't matter. It was Warner who told us, plainly and with absolute conviction, to rise to the challenge. He reminded us that if the policies were not backed by reliable safety and efficacy data — and no college has ever provided such data, then or now — we had not only the right but the responsibility to push back. His words gave so many of us wings. He gave me the confidence to continue building No College Mandates, especially our resources, which helped thousands of families navigate institutional pressure during the pandemic. Every step of that work, Warner was there — encouraging us, sharing our data, introducing us to other advocates, and elevating our efforts so we could reach more families. Warner invited me to speak at every Freedom Counsel conference he organized because he understood the importance of the work. On the hard days — and there were many — he never let me give up. He lifted my spirits with a quiet certainty that what we were doing mattered and wou...

    6 min

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Daily readings from Brownstone Institute authors, contributors, and researchers on public health, philosophy, science, and economics.

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