Views Expressed Podcast

Joseph Chapa

Short, accessible audio essays at the intersection of philosophy and technology and lots of other stuff, too. chapainsights.substack.com

  1. 12/11/2025

    Moral Injury and War

    Many years ago, we stood up a new M-1B Predator squadron—the 20th Reconnaissance Squadron. The last time the squadron had been activated was during the Vietnam War, when US Air Force pilots flew O-1s, O-2s, and the mighty OV-10 Bronco in the 20th Tactical Air Support Squadron. For the squadron stand-up event, we tracked down as many veterans of the original Vietnam-era squadron as we could. Thirteen such members descended upon Whiteman Air Force Base to celebrate with us. For us, it was the re-activation of an old squadron. For them, it was a reunion. We affectionately called that baker’s dozen “the old guys.” My commander told us in no uncertain terms that part of our job that weekend was to listen to the old guys’ stories; and so, we did. On Saturday, late into the night at a visiting officers’ quarters room our guests called “the old guy hooch,” we listened to their war stories. Most our guests—and indeed most members of our squadron—had long since gone home. Five of them and two of us remained. Long after the sun had set, as the solo cups were emptied and refilled, and as voices lowered, the tenor of the conversation changed. No doubt, the day’s talk of throttle settings and aerial tactics drew the old guys into a headspace they hadn’t often occupied. Memories turned to their aircraft and their war. As forward air controllers - airborne, they didn’t carry heavy bombs or missiles. Instead, they carried white smoke rockets. Flying aircraft with longer loiter times at slower speeds, the pilots of the 20th identified targets and marked them with smoke and then directed the heavier aircraft—often F-105 Thunderchiefs (or “Thuds”)—onto those targets. To a person, each one of those five who remained that night had a story about a target mark and a weapons employment that still raises questions deep in their memories and in their consciences. One veteran in particular, John, told the story of a man in local attire riding his bicycle toward the friendly forward operating base (FOB). He said he didn’t have any reason to suspect the bicyclist of being a member of the Viet Cong, but the rules of engagement were clear: if a person got within a certain range of the FOB and continued toward the FOB, he was to be identified as hostile. John marked the target and the Thuds did the rest. Moral injury, as a field of study, is relatively young. But as a phenomenon, it is as old as war. ... This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit chapainsights.substack.com/subscribe

    8 min
  2. 11/27/2025

    Thanksgiving

    I got bit by the publishing bug in 2013. I was applying to graduate schools and I didn’t have a writing sample from my undergraduate days that I was happy with. So, I decided to write a new paper. With the help of a philosopher from the US Air Force Academy (Dr. Leonard Kahan, in whose debt I remain), I wrote an academic paper on the ethics of remotely piloted aircraft. As a matter of procedure, I had to share the paper with my commander before sharing it more widely. Not only did he like the paper, but he also thought I should try to publish it. He happened to know the editor of the Spanish language edition of our professional journal, The Air and Space Power Journal, so, that’s where I sent it. It was published in 2013. That was a profound moment for me. I realized for the first time that I, a fairly junior officer (a young captain at that time) might be able to shape the way people—maybe even senior people in my own organization—think about the world. I was hooked. Views Expressed is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. That article-as-writing-sample (among other things) was enough to earn my matriculation into Boston College’s MA program in philosophy. There, my interests ranged widely. But one point of consistency was that every time a class required me to write a long (6-10k word) final paper, I decided I’d try to get that paper published. I was successful only a few times; but those few successes resulted in a published paper on Soren Kierkegaard, one on C. S. Lewis, and one on virtue ethics called, “The Martial Virtues: A Role Morality for Soldiers?” I published the Martial Virtues paper in a journal called Social Theory and Practice. At that time, it was the most competitive outlet in which I had published and I was, frankly, very proud to have written something worthy of that journal. As a philosophical writer, I’ve come a long way since then and that 2018 article leaves me a little embarrassed now. At the time, though, it was easily the best thing I had ever written and I remain convinced that that publication had an impact my admission to Oxford’s PhD program. I don’t expect you to care about any of these details except for this one: Social Theory and Practice, for better or worse, keeps a running tally of how many times each article has been downloaded. Today, in 2025, seven years since publication, my article, “The Martial Virtues: A Role Morality for Soldiers,” has been downloaded (wait for it) Eighteen times. Think about that for a moment. The best thing I had ever written, published in a high-end philosophy journal, has been enough to motivate 18 people to download and (maye even to) read it. Earlier this year, I created Views Expressed. It’s reach is limited and its growth glacial. But every week, 100-150 people open up an email from me to read what I have to say about philosophy and AI. As a friend put it to me recently, 120 people is just about Dunbar’s number. That’s a person’s entire social circle. Each week I reach nearly ten times the number of people who have downloaded that scholarly paper. I might even get to impact the way some of those people think about philosophy and AI; and what a great privilege that is. In addition to the weekly reports of people reading my work, there are, of course, also the “in real life” conversations in which many of you have reach out to tell me that something that I said informed you of something, or resonated with you, or meant something to you. For those interactions, I am especially grateful. This Thanksgiving, my family will gather around a turkey (cooked on the grill as is the Chapa way) and share what we’re thankful for. I hope you’ll have a similar opportunity. In the meantime, I mean this will all sincerity: I am thankful that you’re a Views Expressed reader. From my family to yours: Happy Thanksgiving. Views Expressed is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit chapainsights.substack.com/subscribe

    5 min
  3. 11/20/2025

    Hallucinations Are in The Air

    Glen Powell hosted SNL last weekend. It was one of the best episodes I’ve seen in awhile. (Beware, spoilers). In Powell’s opening monologue, he tells the story of the first time he was supposed to host the venerated sketch comedy show. When he received the phone call inviting him to host back then, there happened to be a UPS delivery guy named mitch delivering a package just as the family was on the porch receiving the call. Mitch got wrapped up in the celebration and, no doubt, told his friends and family members that he met Glen Powell and that Powell would be hosting on such-and-such a date. Well, that wasn’t to be. COVID delayed the opening of Top Gun: Maverick and SNL gave Powell’s slot to someone else. When Powell got the word that he would finally be hosting the show for real, the Powell family did what any normal people would have done: They tracked down Mitch the UPS driver and invited him to be in the studio audience. It was a very well done bit. The quality of SNL waxes and wanes with time and I’m sure each fan has his or her favorite cast or favorite era of the show’s fifty year history. But we can probably all agree that SNL can act as a kind of barometer of cultural import. A pop culture reference has to rise above a certain threshold of common knowledge before we can expect to see it on SNL. Why does SNL prioritize impressions of Presidents, Vice Presidents, Presidential Candidates, and Speakers of the House? It’s because so many Americans know who those people are and know the circumstances under which those people appeared in the news that week. So, here’s my thesis: If SNL highlights a topic, that topic is probably already pretty pervasive in our society. In the very first sketch after Powell’s monologue, several cast members create a scene in which four young people introduce their aging grandmother to AI-enabled technology that brings old photos to life. ... This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit chapainsights.substack.com/subscribe

    6 min

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Short, accessible audio essays at the intersection of philosophy and technology and lots of other stuff, too. chapainsights.substack.com