这期我们探讨两个概念 - 非传递性竞争&负频率依赖选择 - 时间戳： 00:00 Intro 01:53 关于演化机制的解读 13:16 关于三个具体的案例 25:48 Outro - 流苏鹬的三种雄性形态，从左到右分别是A（独立型/Independent）、B（卫星型/Satellite ）、C（拟雌型/Faeder ）。图片来自Loveland et al. 雕刻拟尖水虱的三种雄性形态，从左到右分别是A（α/阿尔法型）、C（β /拟雌型）、B（γ/拟幼型）。图片来自Stephen Shuster. 侧斑犹他蜥的三种雄性形态，从左到右分别是A（橙喉型/超领地型/usurper）、B（蓝喉型/配偶守护型/mate-guarder）、C（黄喉型 / 潜入型 / 拟雌型/sneaker）。图片来自Corl et al. - 参考资料： 鸮鹦鹉新闻 《垂直迁徙》 04 三宝鸟不存在 & 观测已灭绝的物种 17 听见黑脸噪鹛，就算到家了。 随便聊点鸟｜我想当一根海带 流苏鹬（Calidris pugnax） Loveland, J. L., et al. (2025). A single gene orchestrates androgen variation underlying male mating morphs in ruffs. Science, 387(6732), 406-412. Küpper, C., et al. (2016). A supergene determines highly divergent male reproductive morphs in the ruff. Nature Genetics, 48(1), 79–83. Lamichhaney, S., et al. (2016). Structural genomic changes underlie alternative reproductive strategies in the ruff (Philomachus pugnax). Nature Genetics, 48(1), 84–88. Lank, D. B., et al. (1995). Genetic polymorphism for alternative mating behaviour in lekking male ruff Philomachus pugnax. Nature, 378, 59–62. Jukema, J., & Piersma, T. (2006). Permanent female mimics in a lekking shorebird. Biology Letters, 2(2), 161–164. Rohr-Bender, V. A., et al. (2025). Sex and morph variation in activity from early ontogeny to maturity in ruffs (Calidris pugnax). Ethology, 131, e13543. 雕刻拟尖水虱（Paracerceis sculpta） Shuster, S. M. (1987). Alternative reproductive behaviors: Three discrete male morphs in Paracerceis sculpta, an intertidal isopod from the northern Gulf of California. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 7(2), 318–327. Shuster, S. M. (1989). Male alternative reproductive strategies in a marine isopod crustacean (Paracerceis sculpta): The use of genetic markers to measure differences in fertilization success among α-, β-, and γ-males. Evolution, 43(8), 1683–1698. Shuster, S. M. (1992). The reproductive behaviour of α-, β-, and γ-male morphs in Paracerceis sculpta, a marine isopod crustacean. Behaviour, 121(3/4), 231–258. Shuster, S. M., & Wade, M. J. (1991). Female copying and sexual selection in a marine isopod crustacean, Paracerceis sculpta. Animal Behaviour, 42(6), 1071–1078. 侧斑犹他蜥（Uta stansburiana） Corl, A., et al. (2026). The genetics, evolution, and maintenance of a biological rock-paper-scissors game. Science, 391(6780), 69–74. Corl, A., et al. (2010). Alternative mating strategies and the evolution of sexual size dimorphism in the side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana: A population-level comparative analysis. Evolution, 64(1), 79–96. Gilman, C. A., et al. (2019). Genital morphology associated with mating strategy in the polymorphic lizard, Uta stansburiana. Journal of Morphology, 280(2), 184–192. Corl, A., Lancaster, L. T., & Sinervo, B. (2012). Rapid formation of reproductive isolation between two populations of side-blotched lizards, Uta stansburiana. Copeia, 2012(4), 593–602. Araya-Donoso, R., et al. (2025). Behavioral and phenotypic constraint belie deep genomic divergence and seasonal adaptation in a widespread desert lizard. bioRxiv, preprint doi:10.1101/2025.09.29.679313. Ferguson, G. W., & Fox, S. F. (1984). Annual variation of survival advantage of large juvenile side-blotched lizards, Uta stansburiana: Its causes and evolutionary significance. Evolution, 38(2), 342–349. Fox, S. F. (1975). Natural selection on morphological phenotypes of the lizard Uta stansburiana. Evolution, 29(1), 95–107. - 采样： 这期使用的音乐均来自专辑《鳥鳥鳥》，很早很早以前我被这个名字吸引。 deca joins. (2020). Intro. On 鳥鳥鳥 (Bird and Reflections) [Album]. Airhead Records. deca joins. (2020). 黑暗之中閉上眼 [Eyes Closed in the Dark]. On 鳥鳥鳥 (Bird and Reflections) [Album]. Airhead Records. deca joins. (2020). 霧 [Fog]. On 鳥鳥鳥 (Bird and Reflections) [Album]. Airhead Records. deca joins. (2020). 多完美的一天 [Such a Perfect Day]. On 鳥鳥鳥 (Bird and Reflections) [Album]. Airhead Records. - 封面是雕刻拟尖水虱的三种雄性形态，从左到右分别是BCA。照片来自Stephen Shuster。 - 制作：湖鸦 视觉：Ren 在小宇宙查看该单集文稿
