Pegor Papazian is Chief Development Officer at the TUMO Center for Creative Technologies, the innovative after-school programme for teenagers that was founded in Armenia and has now become a global phenomenon. He trained and practised as an architect before switching to computer science at MIT, where he was a member of the AI Lab. He founded a Barcelona firm doing computational GIS and urban planning, was a partner in a California software company, and went on to serve as CEO of the National Competitiveness Foundation of Armenia and Head of Program Development at USAID Armenia. He moved to Armenia twenty years ago with his wife, Marie Lou Papazian — TUMO's founding CEO — and their five children. Watching those children enter the Armenian school system became part of the inspiration behind TUMO. Fifteen years on, TUMO teaches over 35,000 teenagers on a weekly basis across more than 25 centres in 15 countries — including centres in Paris, Berlin, Lisbon, Amsterdam, Los Angeles, Buenos Aires, Takasaki, Astana, Kutaisi, Mumbai, Luanda and Beirut — free of charge, with no grades, no exams, no diplomas and no teachers. In November 2025 TUMO won first place in the WISE Prize for Education for its AI "colearner" platform, which had already taken a top prize in the Learning Engineering Tools Competition. Pegor co-authored "Frankenstein Curricula" with Zachary Pardos for MIT Open Learning's AI + Open Education Initiative, and co-authored TUMO's July 2026 strategy paper, "Making, thinking and learning when capability is no longer scarce." In this episode, Pegor talks with Svenia Busson about: Why capability — writing, coding, illustration — is now commoditised, and why authorship and connection are what became scarce"Walk-away pedagogy": the thought experiment behind TUMO — if teenagers could walk away from school without consequence, what would bring them back?The AI colearner that deliberately lags behind and asks the student for help — learning by teaching, built into softwareWhy TUMO rejected AI tutors, and why the colearner breaks the fourth wall to remind teens it is not a friendWhy the colearner made students go deeper rather than faster — and what that says about the "two-hour learning" promiseTUMO's partnership with Anthropic to test the model on maths and reading in Brazil, India and Kenya, and where national curricula may break itWhy he is against gamification — "Do Not Gamify", his UNESCO Digital Learning Week talk — and the sugar-high problem with streaks and badgesWhat 90 teenagers said at ai/teens, the 24-hour conference they ran themselves across 16 cities: AI as a cheat code you use without letting go of the controllerThe licensing-plus-philanthropy model that keeps TUMO free, from Forum des Images in Paris to the State of California in Los AngelesThe paradox he leaves us with: as AI gets better at teaching something, your reason to learn it from AI disappears Links mentioned TUMO — https://tumo.orgTUMO's AI work / colearner — https://tumo.ai"Making, thinking and learning when capability is no longer scarce" — https://tumo.org/authorship-and-connectionai/teens report — https://tumo.ai/teens/report (PDF: https://tumo.ai/assets/pdf/ai_teens.pdf)WISE Prize — https://www.wise-qatar.org · Tools Competition — https://tools-competition.org