Totally Transplant

Manpreet Samra

A podcast addressing all things Solid organ transplant. Dr. Samra, a transplant nephrologist, discusses all things and answers questions sent in by listeners. 

  1. 3d ago

    The Renaissance in Transplantation with Dr Satish Nadig

    Send us Fan Mail Drs' Nadig and Samra talk about the wave of invention and innovation coming up in the world of Transplantation.  Dr. Nadig shares his path to transplantation which he describes as a calling.  Has had world-class training. He has worked on Regulatory T cells as part of his his PhD and are currently in clinical trials at Northwesterm.  project.  Northwestern is also part of the first FDA trial on Xenotransplant Trial.  "Do you what you love and call it work." They 1950s- 1970s was the start/birth of Transplantaion and the Era of Immunosuppression with Cyclosporine  1980s The Era of preservation. Transplanting organs across state lines.  Then the Era of Technique -minimal invasive surgery, laparoscopic donor nephrectomy and split liver transplantation.  We became better at immunosuppression and Extending criteria for donation.  Right now we are at the era of Technology : with robotics, nanotherapeutics, xenotransplantation and CRISPR gene editing  Tolerance is on the horizon(tolerance induction protocols- getting patients off immunosuppression).  As is safely performing transplants as an outpatient procedure with spinal anesthesia and a less than 24 hour hospital stay. In selective patients, not on anticoagulation. May help in pateint who are older, who have had mandibular cancer, who have had lung tranplants, or those with allergies to anesthesia.  Xenotransplant trials as well.   Tolerance protocols: Right now it is limited to living donor kidney patients.  Stem cells from the donor go into the recipient. Recipient gets cytoablative therapy and becomes a donor chimeric and are able to maintain their graft.  Regulatory T- cell therapy trials are starting soon, to include deceased donor transplants. Donor Antigen specific regulatory T cells will be isolated,expanded and infused into patients pre- implant and perioperatively and patients are followed up with protocol biopsies.  Targeted drug delivery to the organ(rather than the recipient), using 1/10th of the dose and delivering it directly to the endothelium of organs- pretreat/precondition the organs.  End stage organ failure has hope and that hope is Transplant and that is only getting better.  Life changing  Life extending  Life saving are all applicable to Transplantaion.  https://www.nm.org/doctors/1356580187/satish-n-nadig-md-phd Please note this is not medical advice. It is meant for entertainment purposes only.

  2. Sep 22

    Cardiac Assessment and workup pre transplantation with Dr. Mallika Gupta

    Send us Fan Mail They talk about outcomes for patients with End Stage kidney disease and how much better they do after a kidney transplant as opposed to being on dialysis. Their physiologic milieu improves.  They then discuss how exhaustive the cardiac work up is while upholding a stewardship for this limited organ and long waiting list of about 100,000. The goal is to mitigate the cardiac risk so that the patient and the organ do well post-transplant. Especially reducing the risk for fatal MI.  There are now novel immunomodulators, better medical management and new medications like GLP-1 agonists.  Cardiac phenotypes were discussed including -pump issues  -valve abnormalites -Heart failure -Arrythmias The most common cause of poor outcomes post transplant is previous hx of MI, heart failure and arrythmias.  Coronary artery testing is covered with stress testing, and cardiac catheterization, angiogram as well as echocardiogram.  We should consider heart failure. Heart failure with preserved ejection fracture is one type as well as pulmonary hypertension.  Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrythmia that exists pre and post transplant. It is important to evaluate the atria on echocardiograms looking for dilation.  Heart failure assesement pre transplant: There are more studies coming by her workgroup. ESKD patients tend to have diastolic heart failure and preserved ejection fraction.  NYHA - New York Heart Association is a functional assessment commonly used to assess patients iwth heart failure.  NYHA at least 3/4 Optimized clinical symtpoms. No SOB, no leg swelling.   Balancing patient outcomes, frailty and functionality are also very important so as not to limit access to transplantation .  Factors found to place patients at higher risk include: -Longer Dialysis Vintage  -Long time with  DM -Older age  -Pulmonary HTN  -Multivessel disease  -LAD lesion -Low ef -smoking  Pulmonary HTN :Have a multidisciplinary approach include pulmonary and cardiology. ensure their volume is optimized. Early right heart catheterization, An echocardiogram.  ACS(acute coronary syndrome such as unstable angina and a myocardial infarct) vs Stable ischemic heart disease.  The goal being to prevent ACS by doing the pre transplant cardiac testing.  Goal Directed Medical therapy is the gold standard of management.  They conclude by discussing the future of cardiac testing and upcoming trials to discuss the frequency of testing.  https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.045009 https://www.kumc.edu/mgupta5.html Please note this is not medical advice. It is meant for entertainment purposes only.

  3. Aug 12

    Dr. Alicia Lichvar- How we trick our body- all faces of Immunosuppression

    Send us Fan Mail Dr. Samra interviews Dr. Lichvar, a Transplant Pharmacist at the University of Irvine, California. She shares excellent analogies as they review Immunosuppression. She describes the body as a garden we need to get ready before we implant the organ. There is induction immunosuppression which is given at the time of transplant this is usually thymoglobulin or Basiliximab. Then there is Maintenance immunosuppresion.  Which is usually a a two drug or three drug regimen which consists of a calcineurin inhibitor usually Tacrolimus or Cyclosporine, a growth inhibitor such a mycophenolate and with or without prednisone are the most common.  Personalization of IMS involves looking at Recipient risk, Immunologic risk, Donor Risk and what is the integration of of other tools in follow up. Pharmacogenomics - pharmacogenetics testing to review CYP polymorphisms. Tells us about CYP3A5 metabolism especially for Tacrolimus.  HOPE trial - No longer an active trial. Access to transplant patients for HIV positive patients.   BENEFIT trial -Showed better graft survival. Belatacept is a replacement for calcineurin inhibitors mostly Tacrolimus because of its side effects like, high serum creatinine, electrolyte abnormalities, increased risk of Diabetes and hypertension.  BEST trial- Better kidney function and also found higher risk of rejection.  How Belatcept can be used de novo at the time of transplant or later on, Belatacept conversion which is given an infusion every 4-6 weeks. They stay on prednisone because of the elevated rejection risk. Some will convert to Belatacept. DCD- Donation oafter circulatory death - not brain dead  DBD- Brain dead donor  KDPI is the kidney donor profile index- gives us an idea of the longevity of a kidney. Age,height, weight, diabetes, HTN, DCD, serum creatinine. Its a score from 0-100. > 85% KDPI donors require a special consent.  In the future, we look forward to advancements in imuunosuppresion, we might have new tools. We really need to focus on policy  that affects medication access. As well as AI assisted customization and Xenograft.  Please note this is not medical advice. It is meant for entertainment purposes only.

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A podcast addressing all things Solid organ transplant. Dr. Samra, a transplant nephrologist, discusses all things and answers questions sent in by listeners. 

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