## Short Segments ## Feature Story As autumn settles in, gardeners are urged to rethink their seasonal cleanup routines to support overwintering bees. Instead of tidying up, leaving leaf litter and uncut perennial stems can provide crucial habitats for native wild bees, which are in decline. With over 3,600 bee species native to the United States, most of which are not honey bees, the focus is shifting to the conservation of native wild bees. These include mason bees, leafcutters, mining bees, and bumble bees, among others. Unlike honey bees, these native species are mostly solitary, with each female bee building her own nest, laying eggs, and providing food before sealing the nest and dying. The offspring remain in these nests throughout the winter, emerging the following year. Matthew Shepherd from the Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation highlights that these nests are often found in gardens, utilizing hollow stems and leaf litter as protective habitats. Sam Droege, a wildlife biologist at the USGS, notes that wild bees nest both above ground and in the soil, making gardens a vital refuge. Ecological landscape designer Kim Eierman emphasizes the importance of leaving garden debris intact. This practice not only supports bee populations but also enhances the ecological health of gardens. By providing a safe overwintering environment, gardeners can help ensure that bees emerge in spring ready to pollinate plants, which is essential for food production and ecosystem balance. Pollinators, including bees, are crucial to the global food supply, with about 35% of food crops relying on them. Without pollinators, many fruits and vegetables would not be available. While honey bees are well-known, native bees and other insects like moths, butterflies, and beetles also play significant roles in pollination. To support these vital insects, experts recommend several simple actions. Leaving leaf litter acts as an insulating blanket, protecting bees from cold and moisture. Many species, such as bumble bees and mining bees, dig into the soil and rely on this cover for survival. Similarly, hollow stems provide nesting sites for small carpenter bees and mason bees. By adopting these practices, gardeners can contribute to the conservation of native bee populations, which are essential for maintaining biodiversity and supporting food systems. As awareness grows, more people are recognizing the importance of creating pollinator-friendly environments in their own backyards. Looking ahead, the continued decline of native bees poses a challenge, but also an opportunity for individuals to make a positive impact. By leaving gardens a bit messier this fall, we can help ensure a thriving bee population come spring, benefiting both our gardens and the broader ecosystem.