In June 1834, Joseph Smith's Zion's Camp climbed a burial mound above the Illinois River and uncovered a skeleton he called Zelph: a Lamanite warrior who fought under a prophet named Onandagus. Archaeologists have since excavated that very mound. So what does the dig actually tell us about Zelph, and about the Book of Mormon? Jasmin Rappleye, Neal Rappleye, and Stephen Smoot are joined by Jerry Grover, a Book of Mormon researcher and geologist, to walk through his study "A Scientific Evaluation of the Zelph Revelation," published in Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship (vol. 69, 2026). ===Informed Saints Credits=== Produced by The Ancient America Foundation Producer: Spencer Clark Hosts: Stephen Smoot, Neal Rappleye, Jasmin Rappleye Further Readings: Primary source Jerry D. Grover Jr., "A Scientific Evaluation of the Zelph Revelation," Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship 69 (2026): 49–60. https://interpreterfoundation.org/journal/a-scientific-evaluation-of-the-zelph-revelation Jerry D. Grover Jr., A Scientific Evaluation of the Zelph Revelation (book). Book of Mormon Scientific and Linguistic Research, https://bmslr.org Historical documents discussed Joseph Smith, Letter to Emma Smith, 4 June 1834. The Joseph Smith Papers. https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/letter-to-emma-smith-4-june-1834/1 History, 1838–1856, vol. A-1 [23 Dec. 1805–30 Aug. 1834], pp. 482–483 (the Zelph entry, with struck words). The Joseph Smith Papers. https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-1838-1856-volume-a-1-23-december-1805-30-august-1834/488 History of the Church (the seven-volume documentary history), vol. 2, entry for 3 June 1834 Wilford Woodruff's journal account of Zelph. Wilford Woodruff Papers. https://wilfordwoodruffpapers.org/subjects/zelph-bofm Zion's Camp journal accounts (Woodruff, Heber C. Kimball, George A. Smith, Levi Hancock, Reuben McBride, Moses Martin, Sylvester Smith), as compiled in Godfrey, below Scripture references Doctrine and Covenants 103 Mormon 1:10–12 Mormon 4:16 Mormon 5:6 Mormon 6:2–6 4 Nephi 1:17, 20 Helaman 3:3–8 Alma 63:4–9 Alma 22:30–31 3 Nephi 16:1–3 Scholarly sources mentioned in the episode Kenneth W. Godfrey, "The Zelph Story," BYU Studies 29, no. 2 (1989). https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/byusq/vol29/iss2/3 Kenneth B. Farnsworth and Karen A. Atwell, Excavations at the Blue Island and Naples-Russell Mounds and Related Hopewellian Sites in the Lower Illinois Valley, ISAS Research Report 34 (Champaign: Illinois State Archaeological Survey, 2015) Kenneth B. Farnsworth, "Lamanitish Arrows and Eagles with Lead Eyes: Tales of the First Recorded Explorations in an Illinois Valley Hopewell Mound," Illinois Archaeology 22, no. 1 (2010): 25–48 Mark Alan Wright, "Heartland as Hinterland: The Mesoamerican Core and North American Periphery of Book of Mormon Geography," Interpreter 13 (2015). https://scho... Chapters (00:00:00) - Introducing Jerry Grover and the Zelph Mystery(00:00:34) - The Story of Zion's Camp and Zelph's Discovery(00:03:29) - Sourcing the Vision: Primary Documents and Manuscript Edits(00:05:43) - Key Agreed-Upon Facts About Zelph and Onondagus(00:10:27) - Testing the Vision Against Hopewell Culture Archaeology(00:13:41) - Excavating the Mound: Burial Evidence and Radiometric Dating(00:19:33) - Dating Conflicts: Zelph vs. the Book of Mormon Timeline(00:21:07) - Why Zelph's Story Doesn't Fit Book of Mormon Lands(00:24:37) - Possible Northward Migrations and Lineage Theories(00:26:18) - Geography Problems: Distance to Cumorah and Heartland Maps(00:28:32) - Timeline of Nephite Conflicts and the 'Last Battles'(00:31:06) - Balancing Faith, Science, and Epistemic Humility(00:33:38) - Closing Thoughts and Where to Find More Research