Machine Minds

Greg Toroosian

Machine Minds - the minds behind the machines! This is the show where we dive deep into the intricate worlds of robotics, AI, and Hard Tech. In each episode, we bring you intimate conversations with the founders, investors, and trailblazers who are at the heart of these tech revolutions. We dig into their journeys, the challenges they've overcome, and the breakthroughs that are shaping our future. Join us as we explore how these machine minds are transforming the way we live, work, and understand our world. 

  1. The Future of Hardware Starts in the Browser with Matthias Wagner

    6일 전

    The Future of Hardware Starts in the Browser with Matthias Wagner

    Hardware has long lagged behind software in speed, accessibility, and iteration. But that gap is starting to close. Matthias Wagner, founder and CEO of Flux, joins Greg to unpack how AI is transforming electronics design from a slow, manual, and fragmented process into something far more collaborative, automated, and accessible. After years at Facebook and a deep frustration with legacy hardware tooling, Matthias set out to build what he calls the first AI hardware engineer. A system that can help anyone design, iterate, and manufacture electronics with the speed and flexibility of modern software. From rethinking PCB design workflows to enabling entirely new classes of builders around the world, this conversation explores what happens when hardware finally gets its GitHub moment. In this conversation, Greg and Matthias explore: Matthias’s journey from early software engineering to Facebook and ultimately founding Flux to tackle stagnant hardware design toolingWhy hardware has lagged decades behind software in collaboration, automation, and developer experienceHow Flux acts as an AI hardware engineer, guiding users from concept to schematic to manufacturing-ready designThe inefficiencies of traditional PCB design and how AI can consolidate complex systems into single, optimized boardsWhy building in the browser unlocks real-time collaboration, faster iteration cycles, and continuous product improvementHow Flux integrates supply chain data directly into the design process to avoid costly delays and redesignsThe shift from waterfall hardware development to more agile, software-like workflowsWhy democratizing hardware will unlock millions of new builders, not just make existing engineers more productiveReal-world examples of non-traditional users building hardware, including farmers creating custom automation systemsWhere AI fits across the hardware stack, from component selection to simulation and layout optimizationThe reality of building a deep tech startup, including five years with no revenue and multiple near-death momentsLessons on fundraising for long-horizon products and why operator investors matter early onHow AI is reshaping team structure, hiring, and what it means to be an effective engineer todayWhy tooling is the most underestimated lever in accelerating robotics and hardware innovationMatthias’s vision for the future where building hardware becomes so easy that “hardware is hard” disappears as a conceptIf you are building in robotics, hardware, or just thinking about how AI will reshape the physical world, this episode offers a compelling look at the tools and mindset shifts required to unlock the next wave of innovation. Website: https://www.flux.ai/ Job site: https://jobs.ashbyhq.com/flux Connect with Flux on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/buildwithflux/posts/?feedView=all Connect with Matthias Wagner on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/matthias-wagner-5220b047/ Flux X: https://x.com/BuildWithFlux Matthias' X: https://x.com/MatthiasWagner Connect with Greg on Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/gregtoroosian/

    50분
  2. Turning Infrastructure Into Data: How Gecko Robotics Is Rewriting Industrial Inspection with Ed Bryner

    3월 25일

    Turning Infrastructure Into Data: How Gecko Robotics Is Rewriting Industrial Inspection with Ed Bryner

    From climbing robots inspecting boiler tubes to AI-powered platforms optimizing the world’s most critical assets, Gecko Robotics is redefining how we understand and maintain the infrastructure that powers modern society. Ed Bryner, Chief Technology Officer at Gecko Robotics, joins Greg to unpack how his journey from hands-on engineer to technical leader has been shaped by a deep focus on applied engineering, mission-driven teams, and building technology directly in the real world. With roots in robotics competitions, defense work, and industrial systems, Ed brings a uniquely grounded perspective on what it takes to move from prototype to production in some of the harshest environments on earth. We explore how Gecko is building a vertically integrated stack from robot to cloud, why infrastructure health data is the missing layer in industrial decision-making, and how continuous inspection is unlocking entirely new ways to operate, maintain, and extend the life of critical assets. In this conversation, Greg and Ed get into: Ed’s path into robotics, from a family of engineers to high school competitions that sparked a passion for building at the intersection of hardware and softwareThe founding story of Gecko Robotics, starting with a wall-climbing robot designed to inspect boiler tubes and eliminate dangerous manual inspectionsHow Gecko evolved from a robotics company into a data and AI platform creating “health records” for industrial infrastructureWhy infrastructure inspection has historically been so challenging, from scale and complexity to reliance on manual, high-risk human laborThe power of multimodal data collection, combining ultrasound, LiDAR, and visual data to create high-fidelity digital twins of critical assetsWhat it means to build and deploy robots in extreme environments like power plants, submarines, and refineries and why lab-only development fails in the real worldHow continuous data collection, even while assets are operating, is transforming maintenance cycles, planning, and operational availabilityA real-world example of reducing unplanned outages from 12 to zero using Gecko’s inspection and analytics platformThe shift from static reports to interactive, software-driven decision tools that connect operators, engineers, and executives around a shared source of truthThe challenge of reliability in robotics and what it takes to build systems that survive dirty, high-risk industrial environmentsHow Gecko structures its teams around vertical integration, bringing hardware, software, and domain experts together to accelerate innovationWhy “orientation” and getting engineers into the field is critical to shortening development cycles and building products that actually workThe balance between experimentation and scaling and Gecko’s philosophy of proving value with a few customers before expanding broadlyHow advances in AI and developer tools are accelerating experimentation and enabling engineers to work across the full stackEd’s long-term vision of improving the health, lifespan, and sustainability of the world’s built infrastructureFor anyone building in robotics, industrial automation, or physical AI, this episode is a deep dive into what it really takes to deploy technology in the real world and create lasting impact on the systems society depends on every day. Learn more about Gecko Robotics: https://www.geckorobotics.com/ Connect with Ed Bryner: https://www.linkedin.com/in/edwardbryner/ Connect with Greg Toroosian: https://www.linkedin.com/in/gregtoroosian/

    51분
  3. The Universal Layer for Robot Fleets with Aldus von der Burg

    3월 18일

    The Universal Layer for Robot Fleets with Aldus von der Burg

    Mobile robots are rapidly spreading across warehouses, hospitals, factories, and beyond. But as fleets grow and companies deploy robots from multiple vendors, a new challenge has emerged. The robots often cannot communicate with each other. Founder and CEO Aldus von der Burg joins Greg to discuss the “interoperability gap” in robotics and why solving it could unlock the next wave of automation. Aldus shares the unconventional journey that led him into robotics. After studying automotive engineering and working at startups in Denmark, he explored drone delivery before regulatory hurdles forced a pivot. That experience led to the founding of Meili Robots in 2019, and eventually to a realization that the biggest barrier to scaling robotics was not hardware capability, but the software infrastructure needed to coordinate diverse robot fleets. Today, Meili Robots is building a universal fleet management platform that allows robots from different manufacturers to operate together seamlessly. By taking a hardware-agnostic approach, the company aims to remove friction for operators, integrators, and manufacturers deploying robots across industries. In this conversation, Greg and Aldus explore: Aldus’s path from automotive engineering and drone startups to founding Meili RobotsThe “interoperability gap” preventing robots from different manufacturers from collaborating effectivelyReal-world examples of robot gridlock and how poor coordination creates downtime, safety risks, and lost productivityWhy many robotics companies build great hardware but ship weak or outdated software stacksHow Meili’s platform enables vendor-agnostic fleet management across industries like warehousing, healthcare, agriculture, and miningThe importance of operator independence through configurable tools and no code interfacesWhy lab demonstrations of autonomy rarely survive real-world deployment environmentsLessons learned selling into enterprise and industrial automation markets, including the slow pace of procurement and complianceAldus’s hiring philosophy for early stage robotics teams, focusing on personality, curiosity, and strong engineering cultureHis candid take on the robotics hype cycle, including why humanoids may be overhyped compared to practical automation solutionsThis episode is a deep dive into the invisible infrastructure layer that will determine whether robots remain isolated tools or become collaborative systems that scale across entire facilities and industries. Learn more about Meili Robots: https://www.meilirobots.com Connect with Meili Robots on Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/company/meilirobots/ Connect with Aldus on Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/aldusvdb/ Connect with Greg on Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/gregtoroosian/

    50분
  4. Automating the Mundane: The Team Rewriting Everyday Work with Theo Nash

    3월 11일

    Automating the Mundane: The Team Rewriting Everyday Work with Theo Nash

    Humanoid robots are dancing, backflipping, and going viral. But are they ready to do real work? Theo Nash, founder and CEO of Mundane, joins Greg to challenge the hype cycle and refocus the conversation on what robots are actually for: eliminating dull, dirty, and dangerous work while amplifying human capability. From growing up around London auto garages to studying at Stanford and building teams across Palo Alto, Shenzhen, and Vancouver, Theo shares how his path shaped a mission centered on safety, embodiment, and human–robot collaboration. Mundane is not chasing flashy demos. Instead, the team is rebuilding the robotics stack from first principles, with a bold bet on telepresence, tactile sensing, and intuitive control systems that feel less like a video game and more like becoming the robot. This is a deep dive into embodiment, reliability, vertical integration, and why scaling too fast could be the biggest mistake in robotics today. In this conversation, Greg and Theo explore: Why most humanoid demos miss the real question: can the robot do economically valuable work reliably?Mundane’s founding principle that robots should eliminate drudgery, not replace human fulfillmentThe embodiment gap and why teleoperation must feel like true presence, not remote controlProprioception in robotics and what it means to “feel” where a robot’s limbs are in spaceWhy wiping a table is harder for a robot than playing chessThe hidden challenge of reliability, from operator accuracy to hardware consistency between unitsLessons from China’s advanced manufacturing ecosystem and how speed and supply chains shape hardware startupsWhy scaling slowly, even in a hype cycle, may be the smartest long term strategyTelepresence as infrastructure and the vision for a VP of TeleportationHow robots can reduce workplace injuries and remove humans from hazardous environments like oil rigs and disaster zonesWhy Theo believes AI and robotics are collaborators, not replacements for human workersBuilding a team culture that works hard, plays hard, and debates openly without hierarchyIf you are building physical AI, deploying robots in the field, or thinking about the future of human labor in an automated world, this episode is a thoughtful and ambitious look at what it will actually take to make robots useful at scale. Connect with Theo Nash: https://www.linkedin.com/in/theo-nash/ Connect with Greg Toroosian: https://www.linkedin.com/in/gregtoroosian/

    1시간 15분
  5. Why the Future of AI Won’t Live in the Cloud with Sam Fok

    3월 4일

    Why the Future of AI Won’t Live in the Cloud with Sam Fok

    What happens when a neuroscientist stops asking why the brain works the way it does and starts building his own version in silicon? Sam Fok, co-founder and CEO of femtoAI, joins Greg to explore the journey from studying neurons to designing ultra efficient AI chips for real world devices. Growing up in a household of scientists, Sam was drawn early to questions about intelligence and consciousness. That curiosity eventually led him from neuroscience labs to Stanford’s Brains in Silicon Lab and into the world of neuromorphic engineering. Today, femtoAI is building brain inspired hardware and software that brings AI out of massive data centers and into everyday products such as wearables, appliances, robotics, and consumer electronics. The goal is simple but ambitious: make AI run efficiently in the real world without straining power grids, supply chains, and balance sheets. Greg and Sam dive into the technical, commercial, and personal pivots required to turn deep research into a scalable company, including the hard decision to rebuild their core platform from the ground up. Highlights: Sam’s path from neuroscience and recording brain signals to building neuromorphic chips at StanfordThe founding story of femtoAI and why timing mattered as AI crossed from research curiosity to commercial forceHow femtoAI enables AI to run directly on devices like glasses, earbuds, appliances, and robots instead of relying on the cloudWhy sparse computation and localized processing, inspired by biology, are key to unlocking efficient edge AIThe massive pivot from PhD era technology to a commercially viable platform built for manufacturability and scaleThe tension between academic incentives and commercial realities, from benchmarks and novelty to reliability and reproducibilityTwo distinct customer profiles: companies that want turnkey AI features and those that want full stack tools to build their own modelsWhy ease of use and integration often matter more than technical eleganceLessons on earning credibility in deep tech by delivering real, testable results rather than selling grand visionsBuilding highly technical teams with intellectual curiosity and cross stack awarenessThe importance of trust and empowerment when leading engineers across silicon, firmware, compilers, and AI toolingWhy Sam believes today’s dominant AI approaches alone will not be enough to reach truly general roboticsWhat the next three to five years could look like as intelligence spreads across devices and environmentsIf you are building AI powered hardware, deploying robots, or thinking about how to bring intelligence out of the cloud and into physical products, this conversation offers a grounded look at what it really takes to make AI usable, efficient, and scalable in the real world. Learn more about femtoAI: https://femto.ai/ Developer portal: https://developer.femto.ai/ Connect with Sam Fok: https://www.linkedin.com/in/sam-fok/ Connect with Greg Toroosian: https://www.linkedin.com/in/gregtoroosian/

    48분
  6. Beyond the Demo: Building Robotics That Actually Work with Jennifer Kwiatkowski

    2월 25일

    Beyond the Demo: Building Robotics That Actually Work with Jennifer Kwiatkowski

    From aerospace engineering to tactile sensing and physical AI, Jennifer Kwiatkowski’s path into robotics was driven by a simple but powerful motivation: taking math and physics off the whiteboard and making them work in the real world. Now an AI Specialist at Robotiq, Jennifer works at the intersection of hardware, software, and customer reality. In this conversation, she joins Greg to unpack what it actually takes to deploy robots that deliver ROI, why integration is often harder than the robot itself, and how the industry can avoid getting lost in hype cycles. Jennifer brings a research background in robotic manipulation and tactile sensing, along with firsthand experience navigating the fragile complexity of physical systems. Her perspective cuts through buzzwords and focuses on what matters: reliability, safety, usability, and long term value for customers. In this conversation, Greg and Jennifer explore: Jennifer’s journey from mechanical engineering at McGill to a decade deep in robotics and AIWhy engineers, not just scientists, are the ones who bring theory into the physical worldThe hidden challenge in robotics: integration can account for 50 to 80 percent of total automation costLessons from building automated pick and place systems for data collection and the real data barriers in physical AIWhat separates shiny robotics demos from systems that actually deploy and scaleWhy vertical focus and application specific reliability win over general purpose promisesThe hard truth about automation: if a human still has to supervise it, you have not automated anythingHow AI meaningfully adds value in unstructured environments, and when it simply adds unnecessary complexityThe importance of setting the right expectations with customers and practicing real customer empathyWhy supply chain and support operations become major bottlenecks when robotics companies scaleUsing OKRs to align teams without creating decision making bottlenecksSafety and privacy concerns as robots move into unconstrained human environmentsThe current hype cycle around humanoids and where Jennifer sees sustainable growth in robotics adoptionWhy she is excited about “weird robots” and unconventional form factors that move beyond human imitationFor founders, engineers, and operators building physical AI systems, this episode offers a grounded look at what it takes to move from prototype to production, and from hype to durable impact. Learn more about Robotiq: https://robotiq.com/ Connect with Jennifer Kwiatkowski on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jenniferkwiatkowski/ Connect with Greg Toroosian on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/gregtoroosian/

    49분
  7. Scaling Robots Beyond the Safety Cage with Andrew Singletary and Amir Sharif

    2월 18일

    Scaling Robots Beyond the Safety Cage with Andrew Singletary and Amir Sharif

    As robots move out of cages and into shared human environments, safety is no longer just about stopping motion. It is about enabling systems to keep moving productively without increasing risk. 3Laws Robotics is tackling one of the hardest problems in autonomy: how to guarantee safety while machines remain in motion. Andrew Singletary, co-founder and CEO, and Amir Sharif, COO of 3Laws Robotics, join Greg to unpack how a decade of academic research in safety critical control evolved into a commercial platform for dynamic safety across robotics, vehicles, and autonomous systems. From warehouse robots and mobile manipulators to aircraft and automobiles, their work aims to make autonomy scalable, certifiable, and trusted in the real world. Andrew traces his path from high school robotics competitions to nuclear engineering at Georgia Tech, a PhD at Caltech, and ultimately founding 3Laws to productize safety technology that companies repeatedly asked him to integrate. Amir brings the operator’s lens shaped by multiple startups and exits, focusing on product discipline, execution, and building an organization that values getting it right over being right. Together, they explore what it actually takes to move beyond academic proofs into functional safety that survives broken sensors, real world uncertainty, and regulatory scrutiny. Highlights: The origin of 3Laws Robotics and the influence of Isaac Asimov’s Three Laws on the company’s philosophyWhy traditional industrial safety equates safety with stopping and why that breaks down for mobile robots, vehicles, and aircraftThe concept of dynamic safety and how robots can remain in motion while maintaining established safety guaranteesHow safety events, gridlock, and human resets quietly destroy productivity across robot fleetsThe gap between academic definitions of safety and industry expectations for functional safetyWhy safety must be designed in early rather than bolted on at the end of developmentHow 3Laws works with both established robot form factors and emerging systems like mobile manipulators and humanoidsThe role of exposure and scale in redefining safety risk as robot fleets growLessons from hiring early team members and why skepticism is often a signal of deep understandingHow Andrew and Amir divide responsibilities between vision, product, and operations without rigid boundariesWhy culture, values, and hiring standards act as long term accelerants rather than speed bumpsThe challenge of focus when a single safety platform can apply to logistics, automotive, aerospace, and beyondWhat founders often get wrong about changing industries versus working within existing frameworksWhy certification and third party validation are critical to trust in autonomous systemsFor founders, operators, and engineers building robots that must operate alongside people, this conversation offers a grounded look at how safety, productivity, and autonomy intersect and why the future of robotics depends on systems that can move intelligently, not just stop. Learn more about 3Laws Robotics: https://3laws.io Connect with Andrew Singletary on Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrewsingletary/ Connect with Amir Sharif on Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/asharif/ Connect with Greg Toroosian on Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/gregtoroosian

    49분
  8. Building the Brain Behind the Next Generation of Robots with Nikita Rudin

    2월 11일

    Building the Brain Behind the Next Generation of Robots with Nikita Rudin

    From academic breakthroughs in legged locomotion to building a horizontal AI platform for millions of robots, Flexion Robotics is taking on one of the hardest problems in the field: how to make robots learn, adapt, and scale in the real world. Nikita Rudin, co-founder and CEO of Flexion Robotics, joins Greg to share his journey from growing up in Switzerland with dreams of space exploration, to pioneering reinforcement learning for robots during his PhD, to helping shape NVIDIA’s simulation tools, and ultimately to founding a company aimed at becoming the “brain” behind general purpose robots. Nikita brings a rare perspective that spans deep research, real-world demos, and early-stage company building. He explains why hand-engineered behaviors and teleoperation do not scale, how reinforcement learning and simulation unlock robustness, and what it really takes to move robotics from impressive demos to economically viable deployments. In this conversation, Greg and Nikita explore: Nikita’s path from physics to engineering to robotics, and why he has always been drawn toward faster real-world impactEarly breakthroughs in neural network controlled quadrupeds and why reinforcement learning became the only scalable path forwardThe hidden human effort behind robotics demos, and why that model cannot support general purpose robotsHow Flexion Robotics is building a horizontal AI software platform to serve as the brain across many robot typesThe role of simulation, reinforcement learning, and the sim-to-real gap in training robots safely and at scaleWhy reinforcement learning leads to more robust systems that can recover from failure rather than collapseThe limits of simulation, where real-world data still matters, and why mixing both is essentialWhy demand for humanoid and general purpose robots is already strong across logistics, manufacturing, and material handlingThe tension between customer engagement and long-term platform development in a frontier technology startupWhat Nikita looks for in exceptional roboticists, including action-oriented thinking, healthy stubbornness, and strong collaborationUnderappreciated roles in robotics startups, from infrastructure engineers to data and deployment pipelinesHow Nikita’s leadership style has evolved as the team scaled to more than 40 engineersWhere the robotics industry risks over-promising, especially around consumer and home robotsWhy hype can be healthy if expectations and timelines remain honestAdvice for founders on underestimating team size, timelines, and the operational realities of company buildingFlexion’s near-term milestones, including moving from demos to real industrial deployments and making the economics work at scaleHow a successful horizontal robotics platform could accelerate the entire ecosystemIf you are building robots, investing in them, or trying to understand what it will take to move from research breakthroughs to real-world impact, this episode offers a grounded, deeply technical, and forward-looking view of where robotics is headed. Learn more about Flexion Robotics: https://flexion.ai Follow Flexion Robotics on LinkedIn and X for updates and technical insights Connect with Nikita Rudin on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nikita-rudin Connect with Greg Toroosian on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/gregtoroosian

    46분
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Machine Minds - the minds behind the machines! This is the show where we dive deep into the intricate worlds of robotics, AI, and Hard Tech. In each episode, we bring you intimate conversations with the founders, investors, and trailblazers who are at the heart of these tech revolutions. We dig into their journeys, the challenges they've overcome, and the breakthroughs that are shaping our future. Join us as we explore how these machine minds are transforming the way we live, work, and understand our world. 

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