Markus' Academy

MarkusAcademy
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Princeton University's Markus Brunnermeier hosts conversations with leading academics and policymakers on the global economy, global politics, and artificial intelligence.

  1. 3일 전

    A Mini-Series on AI for Economic Theorists & Mathematicians, Part 4: Promtps and Agent Swarms | Markus' Academy | Ep. 166-4

    Follow the link for the full summary: https://markusacademy.substack.com/p/ai-for-economic-theorists-and-mathematicians Link to sign up for the webinar series: https://markusacademy.substack.com/ Pietro Ortoleva and Fedor Sandomirskiy joined Markus' Academy for a mini-series on AI for economic theorists and mathematicians. This is episode 4. Both are economic theorists at Princeton University.The value has shifted from prompt engineering to context engineering: specify the task. Write a lazy two-line prompt, ask the same model that will do the work to expand it. Never let one session grade its own work, but run a separate verifier and, if the two disagree, a third instance as a judge. Fedor dissected the prompt OpenAI published for the cycle double cover proof - 64 agents, running at least eight hours, a supervisor eliminating agents that converge on the same route. And in his work adds tricks of his own.Timestamps:[0:00] Is prompt engineering still a thing?[3:40] Prompt expansion: let the model write the prompt[9:45] Prover versus verifier, LaTeX not PDF, and when to restart[16:43] Agent swarms, and AI proofreading

  2. 3일 전

    A Mini-Series on AI for Economic Theorists & Mathematicians, Part 3: Which Model to Use | Markus' Academy | Ep. 166-3

    Follow the link for the full summary: https://markusacademy.substack.com/p/ai-for-economic-theorists-and-mathematicians Link to sign up for the webinar series: https://markusacademy.substack.com/ Pietro Ortoleva and Fedor Sandomirskiy joined Markus' Academy for a mini-series on AI for economic theorists and mathematicians. This is episode 3. Both are economic theorists at Princeton University.An AI's intelligence and stamina are substitutes. A slightly shallower model that grinds all day often gets further than a deeper one you can only afford to run for twenty minutes. Pietro compared the models available today: their preference, narrowly, is GPT-5.6, since it has more stamina than Fable. Pietro also argues that agents are fundamental in empirical work, but that for theory the browser is still enough for brainstorming.Timestamps:[0:00] The frontier since June: Fable 5, GPT-5.6, Opus 5[4:13] Intelligence and stamina are substitutes[8:53] The verdict, and what to run on a Pro, $20, or free budget[11:10] Browser or agents?

  3. 3일 전

    A Mini-Series on AI for Economic Theorists & Mathematicians, Part 2: Can AI Be Creative? | Markus' Academy | Ep. 166-2

    Follow the link for the full summary: https://markusacademy.substack.com/p/ai-for-economic-theorists-and-mathematicians Link to sign up for the webinar series: https://markusacademy.substack.com/ Pietro Ortoleva and Fedor Sandomirskiy joined Markus' Academy for a mini-series on AI for economic theorists and mathematicians. This is episode 2. Both are economic theorists at Princeton University.In this video, Fedor asks whether models can actually generate new ideas. In economic theory this is hard to settle because a model's quality is subjective, while in math a proof either holds or it does not. AI is poor at attribution, but superb at aggregation of knowledge.Timestamps:[0:00] Can models be creative, and why the evidence comes from math[2:20] The ten Erdős problems episode, and Terence Tao's ledger[5:19] The unit distance conjecture falls[8:44] Jacobian, cycle double cover, and what it means for theory

  4. 3일 전

    A Mini-Series on AI for Economic Theorists & Mathematicians, Part 1: Core Uses of AI for Economic Theory | Markus' Academy | Ep. 166-1

    Follow the link for the full summary: https://markusacademy.substack.com/p/ai-for-economic-theorists-and-mathematicians Link to sign up for the webinar series: https://markusacademy.substack.com/ Pietro Ortoleva and Fedor Sandomirskiy joined Markus' Academy for a mini-series on AI for economic theorists and mathematicians. This is episode 1. Both are economic theorists at Princeton University.In this first video, Pietro sets out where AI fits into theory research. Unlike mathematics, a theory paper does not set out to prove a stated conjecture; it searches for a fixed point between defensible assumptions, interesting statements, and proofs that certify them. AI changes the cost of each loop of that search. Pietro lists seven use cases for AI in theory, and argues that sketching is the most underused of them. On proofs, frontier models can now generate reliable proofs of the kind of model economists typically write. The higher-value uses are attack (a hostile referee hunting for weak steps), repair (which assumption rescues a false statement) and inspiration: even a wrong proof can point to the right route.Timestamps:[0:00] Introduction, and economic theory as a fixed point[5:12] Seven use cases, and why sketching is the most underused[8:46] Proofs: attack, repair, and inspiration[15:12] Extensions, microfoundations, simplifications

  5. 3일 전

    The Second China Shock, Part 2: Why Europe is the Front Line | Markus' Academy | Ep. 165-2

    Follow the link for the full summary: https://markusacademy.substack.com/p/the-second-china-shock-implications Link to sign up for the webinar series: https://markusacademy.substack.com/ For our latest episode, Brad Setser joined Markus’ Academy for a two-part conversation on the second China shock and the second coming of global imbalances. This video is the second part. Setser is a Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations and a former official at the US Treasury and the Office of the US Trade Representative.Timestamps:[0:00] Europe sandwiched, Germany in the crosshairs[17:52] China’s imbalance will not fix itself[22:20] How Europe should act[39:00] Implications for the rest of Asia

  6. 3일 전

    The Second China Shock, Part 1: How This Time Is Different with Brad Setser | Markus Academy | Ep. 165-1

    Follow the link for the full summary: https://markusacademy.substack.com/p/the-second-china-shock-how-this-time Link to sign up for the webinar series: https://markusacademy.substack.com/ For our latest episode, Brad Setser joined Markus’ Academy for a two-part conversation on the second China shock and the second coming of global imbalances. This video is the first part. Setser is a Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations and a former official at the US Treasury and the Office of the US Trade Representative. Timestamps:[00:00] Markus’ Introduction[05:17] China’s unprecedented surpluses[21:00] An export boom bolted to a stalled economy[35:11] This time the surpluses are not recycled[50:11] China’s statistical puzzles and the undervalued yuan

  7. 3일 전

    AI and Messy Jobs with Luis Garicano | Markus' Academy | Ep. 164

    Follow the link for the full summary: https://markusacademy.substack.com/p/ai-and-messy-jobs Link to sign up for the webinar series: https://markusacademy.substack.com/For our latest episode, Luis Garicano joined Markus’ Academy to discuss his new book with Jin Li and Yanhui Wu, Messy Jobs. Garicano is a Professor at the London School of Economics and a former Member of the European Parliament.Timestamps:[02:43] Tasks are not jobs: the autonomy threshold[12:48] Three tiers of jobs, three kinds of AI impact[30:06] Hierarchies and which jobs will survive[46:33] The value of organization[1:00:57] Three tiers, three economies

  8. 3일 전

    Neglected Risks in Private Markets with Martin Schmalz | Markus' Academy | Ep. 163

    Follow the link for the full summary: https://markusacademy.substack.com/p/neglected-risks-in-private-equity Link to sign up for the webinar series: https://markusacademy.substack.com/ For our latest episode, Martin Schmalz joined us for a conversation on the neglected risks in private markets. Schmalz is a Professor of Finance, Economics, and Real Estate at Oxford's Saïd Business School.Timestamps:[05:24] Returns aren't what they used to be[15:25] Reported vs. realized returns[26:47] Diversification myths and concentration risk[37:00] Opaque fee structures[46:45] Liquidity, systemic, and agency risks

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Princeton University's Markus Brunnermeier hosts conversations with leading academics and policymakers on the global economy, global politics, and artificial intelligence.

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    MarkusAcademy
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    2026년
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