Michael Talks Metal

Michlin Metals
  • 0.0 (0)
  • Business
  • Updated Daily

Can't seem to find easy to consume information about steel, aluminum and aerospace metals? You have come to the right place. Here we discuss all topics that surround metal. Specific grades, processes like heat treating and grinding plus much more! Please see more info about Michlin Metals at www.michlinmetals.com

  1. Aug 18

    Part 2: Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steels P2

    Full Transcript: What's up guys?!?! Michael with Michael Talks Metal back again for the 144th episode in our current video series; our second on PH stainless steels...  If you have not seen the first and would like to do so now . .... click here Our next classification is called semi- austenitic. Chemical composition of these alloys lead to a different set of structures during the multiple steps in heat treatment. Like all the PH stainless steels, the first step is a "solution treatment"that achieves a uniform distribution of elements in an austenitic structure. On cooling from the solution temperature, the structure of these alloys REMAINS austenitic at ambient temperature..........but only temporarily. The relatively soft and ductile austenitic structure gives us an opportunity for much more extensive fabrication prior to hardening than in the martensitic types. To enable the final hardening of the material, we need to  first make the austenitic structure transform to a martensitic structure.  Three methods can be used to trigger the formation of the martensite structure. Either: A subzero cooling to temperatures on the order of minus 100 degrees F and holding for up to 8 hrs. or Heating to about 1400 degrees F and holding up to 3 hours or cold work ( like cold rolling sheet ) Once we have produced the martensitic structure, our familiar aging treatments are able to do the final hardening. The combined two step process of  hardening in these types is indicated by a letter prefix plus the H followed by the ageing temperature . The prefix indicates the method of forming martensite. For example: RH950  indicates a sub zero refrigeration ( hence the R) followed by ageing (the H) at 950 degrees F TH1050 would indicate the Thermal  method followed by ageing at 1050 degrees F. CH900 indicates Cold work followed by ageing at 900 degrees F. Common examples of semi- austenitic grades are 17-7( AISI 631), 15-7 (632), AM-350 (633),and AM-355 (634). Applications for these types often require the premium cleanliness of vacuum melting. Precise details of the required heat treatments vary by grade and specification. Austenitic is our last classification of PH stainless steels. It is for those types that retain an austenitic structure from solution treatment through aging. Although much lower strength than the other two PH types, they are non-magnetic and have higher strength than the 300 series stainless steels. Solution treatment is typically performed at higher temperatures than for the other types. Aging is performed at temperatures of 1300 deg F  and above. Most often only a single aging treatment applies to these alloys.  With their higher aging temperature, these alloys can be used at temperatures where the other PH types would lose strength. An example of this type is grade A286...... used for aerospace engine or turbine applications. Specifications and part requirements can change what we have shown here today .... so for the 144 th time CHECK THE SPECS !!!!!!!! TWICE So this is Michael with Michael Talks Metal. Thanks for watching. More question about PH Stainless Steels? Check the website for more info www.michlinmetals.com. Still here and haven't subscribed, click here. Missed last weeks' video? Click here. Thanks for watching, see you same time, same place next week, Thursday, 10am, YouTube, I'm out!

  2. Aug 11

    Part 2: Martensitic Stainless Steel

    Full Transcript: What's up guys?!?!?! Michael with Michael Talks Metal back for more martensitic machinations in our 2nd part on Martensitics!!!! In our video last week we talked about martensitic types that have a maximum carbon content of point 15% and maximum hardness of about 40 Rc.  If you did not check out that video .. click here Higher carbon contents allow us to achieve higher hardness and strength with heat treatment. Higher Chromium and other added elements can improve corrosion performance and / or mechanical properties. First up today are several alloy grades that are small modifications of the chemistry we saw in type 410. They have similar applications but are utilized where 410 is not quite satisfactory: Type 414 at point 15% max carbon and 11.5-13.5% Chromium has Nickel added at 1.25-2.50 % which improves its ability to harden and adds toughness that makes it more useful in the low 40's Rc hardness range than type 410 . The Nickel also improves corrosion performance in some environments. It also improves mechanical properties at modestly higher temperatures as compared to type 410. Type 431 at point 20 max carbon, 15 to 17 % Chromium and 1.25%-2.50 % Nickel has improved corrosion performance from the higher Chromium as compared to either 414 and 410. Type 418 (aka Greek Ascoloy) at point 15 to point 20% carbon, 12 to 14 % Chromium, 1.8 to 2.20 % Nickel, has 2.50 to 3.50 % tungsten for higher strength at elevated temperatures..... above those where 403 and 410 are used. Jet engine or land-based gas turbine applications would be examples. Type 422 at point 20 to point 25 % carbon, 11 to 13 % Chromium, point 5 to 1 % Nickel, point 75 to 1.25 % Molybdenum, point 15 to .30% Vanadium and point 75 to 1.25% Tungsten. Say THAT ten times fast! Also used for the complex requirements at elevated temperatures. Next up is a type that could easily be considered as its own group of alloys since type 420 is very broadly defined as point 15 MINIMUM carbon, 12 to 14% Chromium.  First time we have encountered a stainless alloy with carbon specified as minimum.  We know how important the carbon content is in martensitic stainless steels so we can expect a wide variation in hardness and strength depending on the carbon content. Hardness can range from the low 30's to middle 50's on the Rc scale. In the most common compositions, the carbon is in the range of point 3 to point 4% carbon. Common applications are in cutlery and plastic molds. There are also free machining grades indicated by the "F" suffix... 420F.  ALWAYS be looking for a further specification that defines the material to assure the final product will do what it needs to do in service. Lastly, we have a group of alloys in the highest range of carbon in the martensitic series ....... the 440's Chromium content is 16 to 18% and has three variations with differing carbon content. The higher Chromium content improves corrosion performance over type 420 or 410 and the higher carbon increases the strength and hardness capability. 440A has point 60 to point 75% carbon. 440B has point 75 to point 95% carbon. 440C has point 95 to 1.25% carbon Hardness from the low 50's for "A" and mid 50's for "B" and are commonly used in cutlery and similar applications. 440C is typically used at around 60 Rc and used in valves or bearings and  other applications where both corrosion and wear resistance are important. As usual, we caution viewers that chemical composition can be further restricted by specifications and add important additional requirements.  So for the 142nd time...CHECK THE SPECS !!!! TWICE . This is Michael with Michael Talks Metal. Michlin Metals is a full service, value added distributor of all things Martensitic Stainless and more, check the website www.michlinmetals.com for more info.

  3. Aug 11

    Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel Basics P1

    Full Transcript: What's up guys?!?! Michael with Michael Talks Metal back for the 143 rd time in this video series ......today we're dropping the first of two on the PH stainless steels. Buckle Up buttercup cause we're goin for a ride! Before we get started, if you have been watching this series and enjoying it, please consider hitting that little subscribe button. OK, back to today's topic....  PH stainless steels. High strength, excellent corrosion performance, and a simplified heat treatment are advantages of the PH types as compared to the conventional  martensitic types we discussed in the last two videos. PH is shorthand for "Precipitation Hardening" which is a heat treatment that is a bit different from that of the conventional heat treatments. An initial "solution treatment" at high temperature .....typically 1900 degrees F....  assures that all the alloy elements needed for the hardening reaction are uniformly distributed within the metal structure. At these temperatures the structure is austenitic. From this temperature, the alloy is cooled at a rate that retains the distribution of the hardening elements in solution. Depending on the chemical composition of the specific alloy, the resulting structure after the "solution treatment" is either martensitic, semi-austenitic, or austenitic. These structures contain more of the hardening elements than would be completely stable, so it's just waiting for an additional heat treatment to cause things to happen within the structure. But things are stable enough that we can choose to fabricate components prior to a final heat treatment. This additional relatively low temperature heat treatment is  called "aging". The increased temperature and time allow the elements mobility to combine and form the "precipitates" (think particles) that then strengthen the structure. Before we go further let's split the PH alloy types by the solution treated structure....... First up are the Martensitic types. They form a low carbon somewhat brittle martensite when solution treated. Alloys should not be used in the solution treated condition. When reheated to the aging temperatures the particles that form further strengthen the structure and also improve toughness and corrosion performance. The resulting heat-treated condition is designated by the letter H followed by the aging temperature.  For example:  H900 indicates that it has been solution treated and then aged at 900 degrees F.  Hardness increases and yield strength minimums of 170,000 psi are achieved with this second simple heat treatment. Conditions range from H900 thru to H1150, and even a Double H1150 (with two aging sessions at 1150 degrees F).  The higher the aging temperature the lower the strength but toughness is increased. H1150M is an overaged condition producing the lowest hardness Solution treated, solution annealed, annealed, and Cond A are synonymous in these stainless steels. Often, these types are solution treated by the producing steel mill and then the aging treatment is performed after additional fabrication to parts. If already in the required aged condition, then no further heat treatment is required.  It’s all a matter of what provides the best manufacturing plan. Common grades in this group include 17-4 (aka 630), 15-5, 13-8, 450, and 455 15-5 and 13-8 are examples of premium vacuum melted types .... the additional melting under vacuum minimizes any harmful impurities for critical applications like highly stressed aerospace components Specifications and part requirements are always critical, so for the 143 rd time we remind you to ... CHECK THE SPECS!!!!!! TWICE So this is Michael with Michael Talks Metal, thanks for watching.

  4. Aug 4

    Martensitic Stainless Steel Basics

    What's up guys?!?!? Michael with Michael Talks Metal back for more martensitic metal madness today. For the next two weeks our videos will introduce you to the martensitic stainless steels. Unlike the austenitic and ferritic types, a martensitic stainless can be hardened by conventional heat treatments....... you may be familiar with heat treating carbon and alloy steels. In very simplified terms, you heat the material up to a temperature where the structure becomes austenitic and then cool at a rate fast enough and "presto"... martensite is the resulting structure. Cool more slowly and the steel structure would become ferrite and iron carbides. With the faster cooling, the carbon atoms do not have time to form the carbides and become "stuck". Martensite is considerably harder and stronger, but can be more brittle than the other structures we have touched on in previous videos ...... the austenite and ferrite types.  The hardness that can be achieved goes up with increasing carbon content of the alloy. Here in part one we will be discussing alloys with a carbon content of .15 % and less which yield a hardness of 45 Rockwell C and below depending on the amount of carbon. At their maximum hardness, these alloys are also most resistant to general corrosion but tend to be brittle. To get a combination of corrosion performance and useful strength and hardness, the material is "tempered" to make it less brittle. Wow... so now we are balancing the hardness, strength and corrosion performance we need. These Martensitic stainless types also lose toughness in impact at low temperatures so we need to factor that in as well. Sounds complicated and best left to the engineers and designers. Anyway, let's get into some of the more common alloys in this category Type 410 at 11.5 to 13.5 Chromium has a carbon maximum of .15%. Depending on the actual carbon content, the maximum hardness it can achieve varies from the low 30's to low 40's Rc. Various specifications restrict the chemistry or require a range of hardness in standard tests to assure the higher hardness version when needed.  AMS 5612 for aircraft applications is one that requires the higher hardness in a standard test. Type 403 is a very similar chemistry and is known as "turbine quality"...  originally used for steam turbine blades, valves, and other component applications where strength and corrosion resistance is needed at operating temperatures above 800 F Type 416 has the same .15% maximum carbon and Chromium at 12 to 14% but has Sulfur added to improve machinability.  Often it has lower actual carbon content and typically is used at lower hardness than 410. Sulfur has negative effects on toughness and corrosion resistance.  This grade is used where the added machinability offsets a loss in corrosion performance and mechanical properties. 416 is used in a wide variety of applications such as screw machine parts. As we have said before, specifications often restrict the chemical composition further and add requirements for the material far beyond just the chemistry. Specifications and part requirements can alter what we have shown today so ... for the 141 st time. CHECK THE SPECS!!!!! TWICE Stay tuned for part 2....for the higher carbon - higher hardness martensitic stainless steel alloys next week. Thank you for watching. This is Micahel with Michael Talks Metal, if you need any more info on these martensitic grades, check the website for more info www.michlinmetals.com Missed last weeks' video - click here. Still here and haven't subscribed? Please help support the channel, click here. I will see you next Thursday, same time, same place. 10am - YT. I'm out!

  5. Aug 4

    Ferritic Stainless Steal

    Full Transcript: What's up guys?!?!?! It's Michael with Michael Talks Metal and we’re back for the 140th time and our topic today is the basics of the ferritic types of stainless steels. When enough Chromium is added to iron it creates a stainless steel. If no other alloying element is added, its metallurgical structure is "ferritic" at all temperatures it would encounter in fabrication and use.  Ferritic types are magnetic at temperatures below the Curie point and are used in some applications where magnetic properties come into play. Very simply, the amount of Chromium determines the degree of general corrosion resistance. More Chromium is more corrosion and oxidation resistant, but would also be more costly. As Chromium increases, ductility and toughness decrease, particularly at low temperature. For these reasons, applications specify the lowest Chromium containing alloy with adequate performance. Ferritic grades are relatively low strength among the stainless steels and are not as easily welded or formed as the Austenitic types. Some examples help illustrate the kinds of applications where the Ferritic types are most commonly found. Type 409 at 10.5 -11.75% CR is used in applications like automotive exhaust systems where appearance is not important. Corrosion / oxidation will be visually apparent but not to a degree that would affect lifetime performance. Modern automotive exhaust and pollution control equipment typically require corrosion resistance exhibited by grades of this level of Chromium content. Type 430 at 16-18 % Chromium is used for automotive and appliance appearance applications in normal environmental conditions or when the environment is a bit more corrosive than acceptable for the lower Chromium grades described above. Free machining grade 430 F........F designation used here for Free machining using sulfer as the additive ..... and 430F Se (using Selenium as the adder) are more costly but are specified when the lower machining costs provide the benefit that outweighs a loss of some toughness and corrosion performance. Selenium is used when the ductility loss needs to be minimized. Types 434 and 436 have .75 -1.25 %Molybdenum added to increase corrosion performance as compared to 430. Type 442 at 18-23 % chromium and Type 446 at 23-27 % chromium have the additional oxidation resistance required at even higher temperatures for applications like industrial pollution control exhaust systems. Specifications and part requirements can alter what we have shown you today, so for the 140th time…. So this is Michael with Michael Talks Metal thanks for watching. For more on any ferritic stainless steels or other metals, visit our website www.michlinmetals.com. Missed last weeks' video, click here. Still here and haven't subscribed, condiser doing so now, please. See you next week, same time, same pleace. 10am YT Thursday. I'm out!We’re back for the 140th time and our topic today is the basics of the ferritic types of stainless steels.

  6. Jul 28

    Austenitic Stainless Steel Basics

    Full Transcript: What's up guys?!?!?! Michael with Michael Talks Metal back for the 139 th time continuing our series on stainless steels. This video is focused on the most commercially popular of the austenitic types or grades…… the 300 series of alloys. What are the 300 series alloys? Well in this case we'll talk about 303, 304, 316, and 317. Plus all their variants. There are more grades but for today, that's what's on the docket. From our introduction to stainless steels video last week, you know that Chromium is primarily what makes these "stainless'' steels corrosion resistant.  Other elements also affect the properties of the commercial standard alloys.  In addition to the three digits in the alloy designation, there may be a suffix that indicates a modification of the basic alloy.....  a suffix of "L" indicates a low carbon version of the grade.   A suffix of "F" indicates a free machining modification.  "S" indicates Sulfur added   "Se" for Selenium added.  Whenever we mention a % in the chemistry of an alloy, we mean percent by weight. So in an 18% Cr alloy, there would be 18 pounds of Cr in 100 pounds of the alloy. When Chromium is added to Iron it tends to stabilize a ferritic structure. Molybdenum is also a ferrite stabilizing element. Nickel and Manganese act to stabilize an austenitic structure and are present in various proportions in all the common austenitic types. Other elements present promote either austenite or ferrite in the metallurgical structure. In this family of standard grades, type 304 is the most popular of the "18-8" grades. Now, do you remember what 18-8 stands for? In this case, I'll tell you :) 18% nominal Chromium content and 8% nominal nickel content. General corrosion performance is very good. The low carbon 304 "L" grade is recommended for applications involving welding or heat cycles above 900 deg. F. Type 303 (or sometimes shown as 303S) has .15 % minimum Sulfur added which aids in the machining characteristics but with some loss of corrosion performance. 303 Se substitutes Selenium for S to achieve the improved machining with less impact on some other properties but is much less commonly used and much more costly. In case you ever need to BUY any 303Se (I know a guy) ;) It's a secret (this guy) :) Type 316 has 2-3% Molybdenum which raises the corrosion performance, particularly in chloride environments. Nickel content is increased to keep the austenitic structure.  317 has yet higher Cr, Ni and 3-4% Molybdenum for another step higher in corrosion performance. 317 "L" for welding applications.  Specifications and part requirements can alter what we have shown you today, so for the 139th time we remind you to   CHECK THE SPECS !!!   TWICE So this is Michael with Michael Talks Metal. Thank you so much for tuning in! Michlin Metals is a full service, value added distributor and supplier of all things related to and contained in the austenititic 300 series stainless steels. Check the website for more info www.michlinmetals.com. Still here and haven't subscribed? Click here. Missed last weeks' video? Click here. Thanks for watching, this is Michael with Michael Talks Metal. I will see you next week, same time, same place, 10am YT! I'm out!

  7. Jul 28

    Stainless Steel Basics

    We see that steel corrodes. Steel, with moisture & oxygen forms rust. Rust that is porous & will continue to grow &flake until ultimately consuming all the steel. But if we add enough Chromium to steel, it has the effect of allowing only a thin layer of an oxide to form that does not allow the corrosion to continue.  A “stain less” steel.The degree of corrosion resistance depends on the amount of Chromium in the alloy & the effects of some other elements. Various compositions have been established as standard alloys. So which alloy do we use?Specific environment, temperature, strength required, fabricability, & ultimately cost are all involved in selecting which stainless steel is used in any given application.Stainless steels are classified as Austenitic, Ferritic, Martensitic, Precipitation Hardening or Duplex based on their metallurgical structure.Austenitic stainless steels the AISI 200 & 300 series of alloys are not hardenable by heat treatment. These grades are austenitic from over 1900 ° F to minus 300 ° F. There is little or no response to a magnet under normal conditions. Cold working this material can make it slightly magnetic. Common types known generically as 18-8 are 303, 304 & 316. 316 also has Molybdenum added which boosts the corrosion performance as compared to 304 in many environments. In addition, 316 has more oxidation resistance at higher temperatures. Type 303 has Sulfur added which improves the machining characteristics but sacrifices some corrosion performance. The annealed condition is the most corrosion resistant & most used. All exhibit good strength & toughness in cryogenic applications.Ferritic stainless steels some of the AISI 400 series alloys are not hardenable by heat treatment as these grades remain ferritic over the critical temperature range. These grades respond to a magnet much like ordinary steel. AISI types 405 & 409 are relatively low in Cr & are used in auto exhaust applications where appearance is not important. Higher Cr alloys like type 430 resist corrosion at higher temperatures. They maintain better cosmetic appearance for applications like automotive or appliance trim at lower cost than the austenitic grades. Annealed condition is most corrosion resistant.Martensitic stainless steels which consists of the balance of the AISI 400 series are hardenable by conventional heat treatment. Heat treatment is similar to heat treating alloy steels. They have an austenitic structure at high temperature & will transform with rapid cooling to a martensitic structure. They are typically used in a fully hardened condition for best corrosion performance in addition to having high strength &hardness. Depending on type, hardness can be from mid 30's Rc (rockwell c) hardness for types 410 &416 to 60 Rc for type 440c.Heat treated hardness is dependent on Carbon content. Maximum hardness increases with carbon content. These types also respond to a magnet like the ferritic.PH stainless steels the AISI 600 series. PH stands for "Precipitation Hardening". That means they are hardenable by heat treatment. They also typically respond to a magnet. Most common alloy is type 630 commonly known as 17-4. Heat treatment consists of a high temperature "solution treatment" (annealed or solution annealed) followed by an aging at temperatures between 900° F &1150° F. Strength & general corrosion performance is higher with aging at 900°. Strength is reduced with higher aging temperature but toughness increases. Corrosion performance also improves for some specific environments. Strength & corrosion performance are both considerations in applications for these grades.Duplex stainless steels steels with a mixed structure of austenite & ferrite have characteristics of each type. Most common alloy of this type is 2205. Don’t forget to check the specs and michlinmetals.com for more.

  8. Jul 21

    Part 2: How to Read an MTR 321

    Full Transcript: What's up guys?!?!?! It's Michael with Michael Talks Metal back for part 2 of our series' 2nd installment of How to Read a Material Test Report. We're back for the one hundred and twenty second time, picking up where we left off last week in the middle of a type 321 stainless steel certification. If you have not yet seen last week's video, click here..... Our next section requires a bit of explanation about a corrosion test, so here goes Type 321 and its higher carbon version..321H, use an addition of Titanium to preferentially form carbides that otherwise would form with Chromium at grain boundaries.  If Chromium carbides were allowed to form, it would have a negative effect on the corrosion performance of this alloy.  In order to confirm that this alloy has the desired corrosion resistance, it is subjected to an intergranular corrosion test. A sample is first "sensitized"..... a heat treatment that would promote the formation of any harmful chromium carbides at grain boundaries. The sample is then exposed to a very aggressive corrosive  media of boiling sulfuric acid and copper sulfate to attack the sample at the grain boundaries. The sample is then  bent 180 degrees and examined for any evidence that the acid had initiated cracks due to corrosion. When no cracks are observed under magnification, the sample has satisfactory resistance to corrosion under these extreme conditions. Our next section contains various statements documenting that the material was solution annealed and verified free of harmful grain boundary carbides. Macro and micro etch testing confirms a sound structure. The reduction ratio is the cross section area of the cast size to the area of the hot rolled bar size. Last in this section we have a statement that the material is DFARS compliant. Next section indicates that each piece of the material has been verified as the correct alloy prior to shipping from the mill. Page 3 continues with additional statements indicating all manufacture was in Italy, no weld repair was made on material, and that it has not been contaminated with Mercury or by any radioactive substance. Last we have additional certification to the EU Pressure Equipment Directive and a Fraud and Falsification statement. That's gonna wrap us up for today as it looks like we are out of time so please don't forget, ever, NEVER forget to CHECK THE SPECS!!!! This is Michael with Michael Talks Metal, Michlin Metals is a full service supplier and distributor of all things metal and steel check  our website www.michlinmetals.com for more details. Thanks again for watching. Missed last weeks' video? Click here. Still here and haven't subscribed? Click here to help support the channel. Thanks for watching, this is Michael with Michael Talks Metal, see you next Thursday same time, same place. I'm out.

See All (35)

About

Can't seem to find easy to consume information about steel, aluminum and aerospace metals? You have come to the right place. Here we discuss all topics that surround metal. Specific grades, processes like heat treating and grinding plus much more! Please see more info about Michlin Metals at www.michlinmetals.com

Information

  • Creator
    Michlin Metals
  • Years Active
    2021 - 2026
  • Episodes
    35
  • Rating
    Clean
  • Copyright
    © Michlin Metals
  • Show Website
    Michael Talks Metal