Off-Grid Augmented Reality as a Method for First-Time Performance of Orthopaedic Procedures by Novice Medical Learners in a Rural Environment

Orthopaedic care is limited in rural U.S. regions and globally. While telemedicine has improved access, barriers remain when clinicians must perform orthopaedic procedures without prior experience or in-person guidance. Off-grid augmented reality (AR) offers real-time visual feedback and support, potentially expanding orthopaedic care in underserved areas.