The Cosmic Codex

Brian Scott Pauls

Living in a science fiction universe... www.thecosmiccodex.com

  1. 5d ago

    A critique of Adrian Tchaikovsky’s “Children of Time”

    Do you or someone you know need professional tech guidance for your author, coaching, or independent publishing business? If so, check out our sponsor Cloudessy, providing fractional Chief Technology Officer services. Simplify your tech stack, prevent launch failures, and build systems that actually support growth. https://marketing.cloudessy.com/30-minute-tech-stack-update/ Stream the Hugo Awards Ceremony 2026:https://www.youtube.com/@lacon-onlineGreg Bear Birthday Humble Bundle:https://www.humblebundle.com/books/greg-bear-birthday-bundle-open-road-media-books?hmb_source=&hmb_medium=product_tile&hmb_campaign=mosaic_section_1_layout_index_3_layout_type_threes_tile_index_1_c_gregbearbirthdaybundleopenroadmedia_bookbundle&_gl=1*2thjm5*_up*MQ..*_gs*MQ..&gclid=CjwKCAjwwL_UBhAjEiwAEhuT5J6I3YtOIs2Ik9j35W4nlkDiNJBpz19T17oP3Hy94Vx6r4klmG_ZwhoCdIEQAvD_BwE&gbraid=0AAAAACzVokDVr7jJ6gZ2jgVi7LtdRGu3qby Brian Scott Pauls If you put Andre Norton’s “The Stars Are Ours,” Robert A. Heinlein’s “Orphans of the Sky,” Frank Herbert’s “Dune,” David Brin’s “The Uplift War,” and Vernor Vinge’s “A Deepness In the Sky” in a blender on ‘high,’ you might get something like Adrian Tchaikovsky’s “Children of Time.” This is a description, not a criticism. “Immature poets imitate;” Eliot tells us, “mature poets steal...” Refugees from a ruined Earth escaping to the stars, a generation ship fallen into savagery, an epic sweep of future history, terrestrial species uplifted to sentience, even a culture of intelligent, spider-like “aliens”—none of this is new. After more than a century of genre science fiction, new ideas are rare. But Eliot also said “…bad poets deface what they take, and good poets make it into something better, or at least something different.” Tchaikovsky isn’t necessarily better than Norton, Heinlein, Herbert, Brin, and Vinge, but without a doubt he gives us a unique and memorable combination of these elements. In 2023, Tchaikovsky’s Children of Time series won the Hugo Award for Best Series, and this first book won the Arthur C. Clarke Award in 2016. I’ll review the following volumes, Children of Ruin and Children of Memory, over the next two months. Also, please remember Cloudessy, my consulting business providing fractional Chief Technology Officer services, is now a sponsor of this newsletter. If you or someone you know needs professional tech guidance for their author, coaching, or independent publishing business, check out the ad at the end of this post. Thank you! Thanks for reading The Cosmic Codex! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work. Children of Time begins with Dr. Avrana Kern’s plan to seed a terraformed world with monkeys, along with a nanovirus meant to accelerate their evolution. When a sabotage attack kills the monkeys, the nanovirus escapes and infects other species already on the planet, including a population of Portia labiata (“jumping spiders”.) Kern survives in suspended animation emerging at long intervals to watch over the world below. Thousands of years later, the ark ship Gilgamesh approaches the planet after fleeing a ruined Earth. This results in a confrontation with Kern, now psychologically unstable after long isolation, who is unwilling to share “her” world with the unexpected and unwelcome refugees. Tchaikovsky structures Children of Time in a back-and-forth narrative which compares and contrasts the gradual development of the “Portiid’s” spider civilization with the technological and cultural decline of the humans on their decaying starship. Of the two, the Portiids are the most fascinating. Trained in psychology and zoology, Tchaikovsky is at his scientific strongest when depicting how arthropod-type species think and behave. The real life Portia labiata ranks among the most cognitively studied arthropods. Experiments have documented specimens selecting routes before moving, executing detours that carry them out of sight of their prey, and adjusting their tactics against spitting spiders of the genus Scytodes. From this framework, Tchaikovsky constructs a believable, and (which is more important here) a believably non-human society that nevertheless piques our curiosity and sympathy. The Portiids even develop biotechnology allowing them to build computers out of ants: Each colony has been carefully trained, by subtle manipulation of punishment, reward and chemical stimulus, to perform a specific service, giving the great minds of the spiders access to a curious kind of analytical engine, using the cascading decision trees of the colony’s own governance as gearing. Each colony is good for a very limited set of related calculations—a vastly skilled yet vastly specialized idiot savant—and retraining a community of ants is a long and painstaking task. Tchaikovsky goes to great lengths constructing a new species we’ll accept as “real.” And when the Portiids reach orbit, he drops an observation worthy of Orson Scott Card in Enders Game: “They are a species that is well made for a life of constant free-fall around a planet. They are born to climb and to orient themselves in three dimensions.” Due Tchaikovsky’s preceding work, we see this as a characterization of the Party’s established nature, not as a rip-off of Card’s “the enemy’s gate is down.” Thanks for reading The Cosmic Codex! This post is public so feel free to share it. One of the novel’s weaknesses is that, except for Kern (and by the end she’s no longer even a real exception,) none of the humans are as interesting as the Portiids. What’s worse is, they’re also often neither likeable nor memorable. Once again, Kern’s an exception—she’s memorable because she’s unlikable. Tchaikovsky may have made a rare mistake here. He uses, as one of his primary human point-of view characters, Holsten Mason, a classicist whose main role is to decipher the ancient language used by Kern, which proceeds that of the ship by thousands of years. Linguistics may make for a fascinating academic discipline, but it’s not necessarily a source of gripping drama. The predominant role of the humans, other than as a source of familiarity to the reader, is as a foil to the developing Portiid civilization. Tchaikovsky describes humanity, represented here by escapees from a planet their species itself has killed, as “…devastating the fauna of planet Earth, and then turning on its own sibling offshoots, and then at last, when no other suitable adversaries remained, tearing at itself.” He’s even more direct when he observes “[g]enocide—of other species and of their own—was ever a tool in the human kit.” This stands in stark contrast to the more harmonious, if still imperfect, approach of the Portiid species and civilization, a harmony rooted in genetics and their nanovirus-influenced evolutionary history. The inevitable confrontation between Portiids and humans centers on thought experiment in game theory known as “The Prisoner’s Dilemma.” Holsten imagines contact as such a dilemma: “We’d never be able to communicate, and even if we could, we’d still be those same two prisoners forced to trust—and risk—or to damn the other in trying to save slightly more of our own hides.” The Portiids, with a genetically engineered biology geared more toward cooperation than competition, see Holten’s Catch-22 “as a Gordian knot, to be cut through rather than be bound by.” The Portiid’s proposed solution for cutting through that knot will land differently for different readers. Some will see it as a clever way to wrap up the book’s conflicting lines of reasoning. Some may find it an affront to what it means to be human. And while both are valid points, neither may be strong enough to elevate the literary status of Children of Time from “good” to “great.” But as the introduction to a series, Children of Time works well enough. The world-building alone likely suffices to entice many readers to pick up the next volume, Children of Ruin. Recommended for: Fans of space adventure, epic future history, and compelling “alien” species. Not recommended for: anyone looking for a large cast of gripping human characters Thoughts about my critique of Children of Time? Please comment below! Artificial intelligence tools performed multiple tasks in the creation and publication of this article. This month, I’m reading Rebecca Campbell’s Ursual K. Le Guin Award-winning novel Arboreality. I’m sharing my thoughts on Club Codex, where any Cosmic Codex subscriber can follow along, comment, or ask questions.Click below to participate: Authors: Turn Tech Chaos Into Calm, Clear Systems Your email platform doesn’t talk to your course host. Your CRM doesn’t connect to your payment processor. And somewhere in that gap, you’re losing sales you’ll never be able to trace. Tech chaos is one of the most common—and costly—problems facing author businesses today. According to a study from Slack, the average business owner loses up to 96 minutes of productivity every single day to fragmented tools. That’s three full weeks of wasted time per year. Cloudessy’s fractional CTO services can help authors, coaches, and independent publishers simplify your tech stacks, prevent launch failures, and build systems that actually support growth. Ready to stop fighting your tech? This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.thecosmiccodex.com

  2. Aug 20

    “Probability Amplitudes”: Picking up where we left off

    Do you or someone you know need professional tech guidance for your author, coaching, or independent publishing business? If so, check out our sponsor Cloudessy, providing fractional Chief Technology Officer services. Simplify your tech stack, prevent launch failures, and build systems that actually support growth. https://marketing.cloudessy.com/30-minute-tech-stack-update/ Nearly half the matter in the universe is missing The ledger of particle physics doesn’t balance. Physics tells us the Big Bang should have created matter and antimatter in precisely equal amounts—which should have mutually annihilated on contact, leaving nothing in the universe but radiation. Yet, here we are, asking why.Here’s what really happened. For approximately every billion matter-antimatter annihilations, one particle of matter survived. This matter made the stars, planets, nebulae, and us. Physicists call this the “baryon asymmetry problem,” and it’s one of the greatest unsolved mysteries of science. The ratio of surviving matter particles to photons is about six in ten billion—but we can’t explain why. Science fiction has been playing with antimatter for nearly a century, but mostly as fuel and firepower. Jack Williamson's "Seetee" series puts antimatter asteroids in the Belt and sets engineers to taming them as fuel for spacecraft and power plants. E. E. Smith weaponizes antimatter as the "negasphere," a bomb of “negative matter,” in Gray Lensman. While some authors have written stories skirting the central mystery of baryon asymmetry, none seem to have tackled it directly. One quick reminder—Cloudessy, my consulting business providing fractional Chief Technology Officer services, is now a sponsor of this newsletter. If you or someone you know needs professional tech guidance for your author, coaching, or independent publishing business, check out the ad at the end of this post. Thank you! Maybe the antimatter is just hiding The simplest solution to the baryon asymmetry problem is to deny it exists. Perhaps the universe is balanced—the antimatter is simply somewhere else. This was a respectable scientific position for much of the twentieth century. Antimatter atoms would form antimatter planets, stars, and galaxies. From a distance, we wouldn’t be able to tell the difference. Light emitted by an antimatter atom is identical to light emitted by a matter atom. Larry Niven’s 1967 story “Flatlander” is an sf treatment of this idea. Beowulf Shaeffer investigates a rogue planet inbound from intergalactic space—an object so strange and lethal the mystery of its true nature drives the plot. Of course, it’s made of antimatter. This planet is a relic from the universe’s missing half, preserved for billions of years only because it stayed in the void between galaxies, where there was nothing to touch. Thanks for reading The Cosmic Codex! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work. The “hiding” hypothesis hasn’t aged well. If any substantial region of the universe were made of antimatter, gamma radiation from the annihilation of gas particles would light up its boundary with neighboring matter regions. Astronomers have looked. The sky shows no such signs, out to distances comparable to the entire observable universe. Experiments like the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) aboard the International Space Station have hunted—so far without confirmed success—for even a single heavy anti-nucleus (such as one atom of antihelium) that could only have come from an antimatter star. Sakharov’s recipe Something, very early on, treated matter and antimatter differently. In 1967, the Soviet physicist Andrei Sakharov worked out exactly what that “something” would require. To cook a matter surplus from balanced ingredients, the universe must satisfy three conditions. * A way for baryon number to change: Some process must be able to create matter without creating an equal amount of antimatter. * Violations of two symmetries called C and CP: the laws of physics must, at some level, distinguish between particles and their mirror-image antiparticles. * A departure from thermal equilibrium: a moment of rapid, one-way change—such as the first fraction of a second after the Big Bang—when reactions couldn’t run backward and erase the surplus as fast as it accumulated. It turns out our universe does satisfy these conditions—just not enough. The second condition made headlines when CP violation showed up in the laboratory. Physicists first caught nature favoring matter over antimatter in the decays of kaons in 1964, then in B mesons at the turn of the century. In 2025, the LHCb experiment at CERN added a long-sought piece: the first observation of CP violation in baryons—the family of particles that includes the protons and neutrons we’re made of—measuring a small but unmistakable difference in how a particle called the beauty-lambda and its antiparticle decay. But when we add up all the CP violation the Standard Model provides, we fall short of the observed cosmic surplus by many orders of magnitude. Something else—perhaps new particles or forces—did the real work. One possibility is a scenario called “leptogenesis,” in which an early small asymmetry among neutrinos converted into the baryon asymmetry we see today. Experiments now under construction, like the DUNE neutrino observatory, are designed to hunt for it. Thanks for reading The Cosmic Codex! This post is public so feel free to share it. Meanwhile, researchers at CERN have begun interrogating antimatter directly: in 2023, the ALPHA-g experiment dropped antihydrogen atoms and confirmed that they fall down, not up, closing off one exotic loophole. Backward in time There’s a stranger way to think about the missing antimatter. It comes from one of the most elegant ideas in physics. In the mathematics of quantum field theory—the Feynman-Stueckelberg interpretation—an antiparticle is indistinguishable from an ordinary particle traveling backward in time. A positron moving forward through time is an electron moving the other way. Seen through this lens, “Why is there more matter than antimatter?” becomes a question about time itself: why does our region of the universe have a single, consistent arrow? Greg Egan has rigorously dramatized this connection in his Orthogonal trilogy, culminating in The Arrows of Time. Egan builds an entire alternate cosmos—different geometry, different physics, worked out in loving detail—in which clusters of matter can carry opposed arrows of time, and annihilate on contact. His alien civilization faces extinction from an oncoming swarm of such matter. In the final book, the characters visit a world where time runs the other way. Egan’s characters confront their asymmetry the way our physicists confront ours—with arguments and experiments, while recognizing our existence itself may depend on imbalance. A thumb on the scale In “The New Cosmogony,” from the 1971 collection A Perfect Vacuum, Stanislaw Lem proposes what may be the most audacious answer of all. He frames it as a lecture delivered by a winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics. Its thesis is the laws of physics are not primordial. They are the accumulated moves of a game played over billions of years by civilizations so old they have stopped building things in the universe and started rebuilding the rules of the universe itself. The odd features of physics—lopsided constants, broken symmetries—are strategy, not accidents. Lem makes the sheer arbitrariness of physical law the central mystery of the plot. Faced with the problem of baryon asymmetry, his Nobel laureate might smile and tell us “It’s just another move in the game”—a fascinating spin on the fine-tuning argument. Stories waiting to be written… Antimatter isn’t the only thing missing. There’s a surprising lack of science fiction stories in which baryon asymmetry is the mystery to be solved. Consider these possibilities: The Audit. A physicist finally derives the baryon asymmetry from first principles—and the derivation works only if someone chose the number. “Saganite” encoding in the digits of the surplus holds a message: the universe’s Terms of Service, left by whomever determined the asymmetry. Now the question is, should we acknowledge receipt of the message? Past Due. Leptogenesis was real, but it wasn’t natural. A late-universe civilization discovers that the primordial antimatter wasn’t destroyed—it was borrowed against, its share of existence deferred to keep the ledger balanced. Now the deferred half is due, and the collectors experience time in the opposite direction, remembering our future, negotiating in reverse toward a settlement that must conclude at the Big Bang. The Last Anti-Star. An interstellar probe finds a single ancient antimatter star, shepherded through the void for thirteen billion years inside a containment structure. Is it a museum, a cosmic “seed vault,” or a witness under protection? Why has it been preserved? And for whom? We may learn tomorrow why matter won. Or the answer may wait, buried in neutrino data or physics we haven’t yet discovered, for a century or more. Either way, the missing half of the universe is more than an accounting problem. It’s a fundamental piece of the puzzle inherent in the question, “How did we get here?” Thoughts about the imbalance between matter and antimatter in our universe, or the stories we might write about it? Share by leaving a comment below! Artificial intelligence tools performed multiple tasks in the creation and publication of this article. This month, I’m reading Rebecca Campbell’s Ursual K. Le Guin Award-winning novel Arboreality. I’m sharing my thoughts on Club Codex, where any Cosmic Codex subscriber can follow along, comment, or ask questions. From this week’s post: “…an uncompromising look at the possible impact o

  3. Aug 14

    Where is all the antimatter?

    Do you or someone you know need professional tech guidance for your author, coaching, or independent publishing business? If so, check out our sponsor Cloudessy, providing fractional Chief Technology Officer services. Simplify your tech stack, prevent launch failures, and build systems that actually support growth. https://marketing.cloudessy.com/30-minute-tech-stack-update/ Nearly half the matter in the universe is missing The ledger of particle physics doesn’t balance. Physics tells us the Big Bang should have created matter and antimatter in precisely equal amounts—which should have mutually annihilated on contact, leaving nothing in the universe but radiation. Yet, here we are, asking why.Here’s what really happened. For approximately every billion matter-antimatter annihilations, one particle of matter survived. This matter made the stars, planets, nebulae, and us. Physicists call this the “baryon asymmetry problem,” and it’s one of the greatest unsolved mysteries of science. The ratio of surviving matter particles to photons is about six in ten billion—but we can’t explain why. Science fiction has been playing with antimatter for nearly a century, but mostly as fuel and firepower. Jack Williamson's "Seetee" series puts antimatter asteroids in the Belt and sets engineers to taming them as fuel for spacecraft and power plants. E. E. Smith weaponizes antimatter as the "negasphere," a bomb of “negative matter,” in Gray Lensman. While some authors have written stories skirting the central mystery of baryon asymmetry, none seem to have tackled it directly. One quick reminder—Cloudessy, my consulting business providing fractional Chief Technology Officer services, is now a sponsor of this newsletter. If you or someone you know needs professional tech guidance for your author, coaching, or independent publishing business, check out the ad at the end of this post. Thank you! Maybe the antimatter is just hiding The simplest solution to the baryon asymmetry problem is to deny it exists. Perhaps the universe is balanced—the antimatter is simply somewhere else. This was a respectable scientific position for much of the twentieth century. Antimatter atoms would form antimatter planets, stars, and galaxies. From a distance, we wouldn’t be able to tell the difference. Light emitted by an antimatter atom is identical to light emitted by a matter atom. Larry Niven’s 1967 story “Flatlander” is an sf treatment of this idea. Beowulf Shaeffer investigates a rogue planet inbound from intergalactic space—an object so strange and lethal the mystery of its true nature drives the plot. Of course, it’s made of antimatter. This planet is a relic from the universe’s missing half, preserved for billions of years only because it stayed in the void between galaxies, where there was nothing to touch. Thanks for reading The Cosmic Codex! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work. The “hiding” hypothesis hasn’t aged well. If any substantial region of the universe were made of antimatter, gamma radiation from the annihilation of gas particles would light up its boundary with neighboring matter regions. Astronomers have looked. The sky shows no such signs, out to distances comparable to the entire observable universe. Experiments like the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) aboard the International Space Station have hunted—so far without confirmed success—for even a single heavy anti-nucleus (such as one atom of antihelium) that could only have come from an antimatter star. Sakharov’s recipe Something, very early on, treated matter and antimatter differently. In 1967, the Soviet physicist Andrei Sakharov worked out exactly what that “something” would require. To cook a matter surplus from balanced ingredients, the universe must satisfy three conditions. * A way for baryon number to change: Some process must be able to create matter without creating an equal amount of antimatter. * Violations of two symmetries called C and CP: the laws of physics must, at some level, distinguish between particles and their mirror-image antiparticles. * A departure from thermal equilibrium: a moment of rapid, one-way change—such as the first fraction of a second after the Big Bang—when reactions couldn’t run backward and erase the surplus as fast as it accumulated. It turns out our universe does satisfy these conditions—just not enough. The second condition made headlines when CP violation showed up in the laboratory. Physicists first caught nature favoring matter over antimatter in the decays of kaons in 1964, then in B mesons at the turn of the century. In 2025, the LHCb experiment at CERN added a long-sought piece: the first observation of CP violation in baryons—the family of particles that includes the protons and neutrons we’re made of—measuring a small but unmistakable difference in how a particle called the beauty-lambda and its antiparticle decay. But when we add up all the CP violation the Standard Model provides, we fall short of the observed cosmic surplus by many orders of magnitude. Something else—perhaps new particles or forces—did the real work. One possibility is a scenario called “leptogenesis,” in which an early small asymmetry among neutrinos converted into the baryon asymmetry we see today. Experiments now under construction, like the DUNE neutrino observatory, are designed to hunt for it. Thanks for reading The Cosmic Codex! This post is public so feel free to share it. Meanwhile, researchers at CERN have begun interrogating antimatter directly: in 2023, the ALPHA-g experiment dropped antihydrogen atoms and confirmed that they fall down, not up, closing off one exotic loophole. Backward in time There’s a stranger way to think about the missing antimatter. It comes from one of the most elegant ideas in physics. In the mathematics of quantum field theory—the Feynman-Stueckelberg interpretation—an antiparticle is indistinguishable from an ordinary particle traveling backward in time. A positron moving forward through time is an electron moving the other way. Seen through this lens, “Why is there more matter than antimatter?” becomes a question about time itself: why does our region of the universe have a single, consistent arrow? Greg Egan has rigorously dramatized this connection in his Orthogonal trilogy, culminating in The Arrows of Time. Egan builds an entire alternate cosmos—different geometry, different physics, worked out in loving detail—in which clusters of matter can carry opposed arrows of time, and annihilate on contact. His alien civilization faces extinction from an oncoming swarm of such matter. In the final book, the characters visit a world where time runs the other way. Egan’s characters confront their asymmetry the way our physicists confront ours—with arguments and experiments, while recognizing our existence itself may depend on imbalance. A thumb on the scale In “The New Cosmogony,” from the 1971 collection A Perfect Vacuum, Stanislaw Lem proposes what may be the most audacious answer of all. He frames it as a lecture delivered by a winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics. Its thesis is the laws of physics are not primordial. They are the accumulated moves of a game played over billions of years by civilizations so old they have stopped building things in the universe and started rebuilding the rules of the universe itself. The odd features of physics—lopsided constants, broken symmetries—are strategy, not accidents. Lem makes the sheer arbitrariness of physical law the central mystery of the plot. Faced with the problem of baryon asymmetry, his Nobel laureate might smile and tell us “It’s just another move in the game”—a fascinating spin on the fine-tuning argument. Stories waiting to be written… Antimatter isn’t the only thing missing. There’s a surprising lack of science fiction stories in which baryon asymmetry is the mystery to be solved. Consider these possibilities: The Audit. A physicist finally derives the baryon asymmetry from first principles—and the derivation works only if someone chose the number. “Saganite” encoding in the digits of the surplus holds a message: the universe’s Terms of Service, left by whomever determined the asymmetry. Now the question is, should we acknowledge receipt of the message? Past Due. Leptogenesis was real, but it wasn’t natural. A late-universe civilization discovers that the primordial antimatter wasn’t destroyed—it was borrowed against, its share of existence deferred to keep the ledger balanced. Now the deferred half is due, and the collectors experience time in the opposite direction, remembering our future, negotiating in reverse toward a settlement that must conclude at the Big Bang. The Last Anti-Star. An interstellar probe finds a single ancient antimatter star, shepherded through the void for thirteen billion years inside a containment structure. Is it a museum, a cosmic “seed vault,” or a witness under protection? Why has it been preserved? And for whom? We may learn tomorrow why matter won. Or the answer may wait, buried in neutrino data or physics we haven’t yet discovered, for a century or more. Either way, the missing half of the universe is more than an accounting problem. It’s a fundamental piece of the puzzle inherent in the question, “How did we get here?” Thoughts about the imbalance between matter and antimatter in our universe, or the stories we might write about it? Share by leaving a comment below! Artificial intelligence tools performed multiple tasks in the creation and publication of this article. This month, I’m reading Rebecca Campbell’s Ursual K. Le Guin Award-winning novel Arboreality. I’m sharing my thoughts on Club Codex, where any Cosmic Codex subscriber can follow along, comment, or ask questions. From this week’s post: “…an uncompromising look at the possible impact o

  4. Aug 7

    A critique of "The Hieros Gamos of Sam and An Smith," by Josephine Saxton

    Do you or someone you know need professional tech guidance for your author, coaching, or independent publishing business? If so, check out our sponsor Cloudessy, providing fractional Chief Technology Officer services. Simplify your tech stack, prevent launch failures, and build systems that actually support growth. https://marketing.cloudessy.com/30-minute-tech-stack-update/ Text of original article: In 2023, Josephine Saxton won the Cordwainer Smith Rediscovery Award, which elevates the work of deserving, but lesser known, science fiction and fantasy writers.When Saxton’s The Hieros Gamos of Sam and An Smith hit bookstore shelves in 1969, it did in fact carry the imprint name “Doubleday Science Fiction.” It’s not science fiction. Not by today’s standards, at least. If this book were published in 2026, the publisher would almost certainly label it “magical realism.” Ostensibly, what we have here is a post-apocalyptic narrative. A boy (but no dog, sorry) makes his way through the countryside of a nearly deserted England. So far so good. And at first the world seems very post-apocalyptic indeed. In the first few pages we learn the boy is traveling alone and on foot. The environs through which he walks are very quiet. So quiet, in fact, that the song of a bird causes him to cry with joy. “This morning he had seen a bird, and it had been singing, and the sound had excited him until he had tears running down his face, and he had been very happy. It was a long time since he had heard anything at all, except the sounds that he himself made.” What sort of apocalypse is this, that leaves a country so barren even sound is all but extinguished? We might think a boy stranded in such a situation would be seeking help—perhaps an adult who could offer food and shelter. But the opposite is true. “…if he ever saw another human being, and sometimes he did, he would avoid contact, and he knew that this was right, for in this way, trouble was avoided.” What do we have here? A plague? Perhaps a zombie plague? George Romero’s original Night of the Living Dead came out just a year before this book. Soon the boy hears a sound he attributes to some sort of animal—perhaps a rabbit. At least we know there are animals (other than the occasional bird) left in this strange world! But Saxton quickly minimizes even this slight consolation: “…it might be a rabbit although he knew this was a remote possibility, as he had only had one rabbit in his whole life.” Thanks for reading The Cosmic Codex! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work. In any case, the “rabbit” turns out to be a newborn baby girl, umbilical cord still attached to her dead mother. Here we get some insight into the boy’s response to mortality. “Death and the dead must at all costs be avoided,” he thinks, and backs away “full of shock and distress.” Then Saxton throws us a curve ball. “The boy was fourteen years old. He had been walking alone now for ten years…” Wait…this kid has been walking through a nearly silent world, avoiding people whenever possible, since he was four years old? Subsequent events increase our perplexity. Against his better judgement, based on “rules” he’s learned (apparently at the age of three and four) from someone, the boy chooses to rescue the baby—even though he has no idea how to care for her. He carries her to an empty town, finding a grocery store with an automatic door (that still functions after a decade) and shelves still stocked with soda water and condensed milk. Later, he locates a bathhouse with functioning toilets and a pool still filled with chlorinated water heated to “a temperature of about eighty-three degrees Farenheit.” Eventually he discovers an indoor shopping mall (also fully stocked) where the heat and even a coffee machine still work. This is a very odd apocalypse. That’s because we aren’t reading a science fiction novel. We’ve been hoodwinked by Doubleday’s late-60s marketing department. Instead of a literal end-of-civilization scenario, this apocalypse is a stand-in for something else. The Hieros Gamos of Sam and An Smith is about the differences between boys and girls on the one hand, and women and men on the other. The empty world, seemingly devoid (or nearly so) of adults is more a representation of how the grown-up world is largely invisible to children, who are primarily the inhabitants of their own needs, desires, and imaginations. Thanks for reading The Cosmic Codex! This post is public so feel free to share it. This is symbolized by a monument the boy finds in the empty village. “...he came upon a statue of a man on horseback, with an inscription beneath it. The inscription thus: “’To the memory of those brave men of the town of Thingy, who gave their lives in the First World War.’” Here it’s important to understand the meaning of the word “thingy” in British English: “a person or thing whose name one has forgotten, does not know, or does not wish to mention.” You are unlikely to find the name “Thingy” on any map of Great Britain. Saxton is telling us we’re reading an allegory or parable, not a narrative to be interpreted literally. In service of this project, she not only chooses to call her protagonist “the boy” in this part of the book, but gives him preferences and qualities readers in the 60s would have associated primarily with girls. He abhors being dirty, constantly longing for a bath and shampoo to wash his luxurious gold curls. He loves nail polish, and at one point enthuses over painting his nails a particularly eye-catching shade of red. He spends an inordinate amount of time picking out clothes, and on another occasion selects: “…a bottle of nail varnish, an orange-to-pink shade that would go nicely with the grey silk of his shirt…and a spray of cologne that excited his senses, with the word ‘Femme’ written on it.” While this could be considered queer coding, both in 1969 and today, I think Saxton is up to something else. I think she’s implying boys and girls are much more similar than men and women, and the boy has yet to experience this transformation. She also gives the boy a strong aversion to death. We’ve already seen how he reacts when encountering the baby’s dead mother. Another example is his response to reading the plaque on the war memorial: “The boy knelt down, and, not knowing why, howled with uncontrollable grief.” Generally speaking, children in a first-world country like England are socially protected from, and don’t understand, death. It’s alien to them. Confronted with its existence, they might react in a variety of ways. But for a teenage boy, sadness, depression, and even fear aren’t unreasonable possibilities. Children, as represented by the boy, are inherently selfish. And Saxton seems to believe having children of our own is how many of us grow out of this selfishness. At one point in the shopping mall, the boy leaves the baby sleeping by herself so he can pick out a new outfit. This is a process that takes a lot of time, as he is very particular about how he looks. He only remembers the baby when it’s nearly dark—and only then because she starts crying somewhere on a floor below. He tries to find his way back, but becomes confused and then lays down and goes to sleep—even though he knows she could suffer a horrible fate. We realize this when he wakes in the night and hears the baby crying. “He thought…of the baby, attacked by rats; hungry, hard-jawed rats, alone in the chemist’s department, and in the morning, nothing. Nothing left but their stinking droppings.” Yet, despite this knowledge, the boy stays where he is rather than going to help a infant in obvious distress and possible danger. But at the same time, its this same infant which prys open the boy’s soul and makes room in his life for more than himself. We see this when he finally returns to the baby in the morning. “He clasped her to him, and fed her, and immediately she began to respond to the food, and his presence, and she changed as he watched her; all the tension eased from her, she nestled into him, and he planned to wash and change her, make her entirely comfortable, right the wrong he had done. “‘I will never leave you alone again, baby,’ he murmured several times, and in his heart he meant it as a promise, and hoped that the baby understood.” Finally, Saxton depicts a vital interdependence between the sexes, in which we raise one another to maturity. To say much more would stray into spoiler territory. Suffice it to say the boy and the baby girl live together in their shopping-mall-as metaphor for many years, with him acting as her protector and teacher. How their relationship changes when the girl reaches maturity will shock the sensibilities of many contemporary readers who insist on interpreting the story literally. But for Saxton it’s all part of the parable. The girl, who has become a young woman, now takes on the role of teacher for the boy, who in large part has remained emotionally stunted. It is she who guides him into what, in her estimation, it means to be a man who is prepared to take on the responsibilities that label implies in the modern society of Saxton’s 1969. Only when they have both been prepared for, and accepted, their roles, does the metaphor around them dissolve and usher them into the adult world waiting to welcome them. This is not a book I would have read if it had not been presented as science fiction. But I’m glad I read it. Some of the ideas seem dated, even antique by today’s standards. Yet Saxton presents a female character stronger than her male counterpart, who eventually rises to the challenge of completing the formation of his character as a responsible adult. Not recommended for someone who is expecting a post-apocalyptic adventure tale, or for anyone shocked by metaphors that come a

  5. 05/01/2025

    INTERVIEW: Charles Tyra launches new science fiction magazine "Goblins & Galaxies"

    My novelette, An Illicit Mercy, is part of a new promotion in May: FREE Sci-fi & Fantasy. Over 165 stories, novels, samples and excerpts, available at no cost. A heroic, humorous, and inspirational space opera! Get your FREE copy of Showdown at Jupiter's Edge: A Maxo Magnaveer Adventure by Daniel P. Douglas. Space cop Maxo Magnaveer, desperate for a major career boost, takes a wild left turn at Mercury to pursue a greedy pirate, setting himself onto a collision course with destiny! In the year 2247, Detectant Maxo Magnaveer yearns for an opportunity to prove himself in the Cosmic Law Force so he can be promoted to squad captain. When a greedy privateer, Colonel Zaza D'Rump, brazenly hijacks a shipment of synthetic foods on its way to Mars with plans to starve the colony to death unless he is given control of Earth's shipping lanes, Maxo sees his opportunity to rise above, save the day, and finally move up in rank and prestige.Fooled by those he thought were allies, Maxo stumbles on the slippery edge of failure more than once as he races to what could be a catastrophic battle above Jupiter near D'Rump's secret base, Porto Blago. With his career and so many lives at stake, Maxo gains the help of old and new friends, and begins to realize his quest may not be about proving himself to anyone, but about discovering himself and rising to his true purpose in the universe.First, however, he'll have to survive the showdown at Jupiter's edge... by Brian Scott Pauls This article introduces what I hope will be the first of many interviews with those who work in the science fiction field, and perhaps readers as well. My inaugural guest is Charles Tyra, Publisher at Randolph Literary Press, which currently publishes Cosmic Horror Monthly, and will soon publish a new magazine, Goblins & Galaxies. Click below to watch the interview, or continue reading for a transcript of our conversation I’ve edited for clarity and readability. Brian Scott Pauls: You’ve described Cosmic Horror Monthly as a love letter to Weird Tales, one of the original fantastical pulp magazines. How do you define “weird fiction?” Newer readers who aren't steeped in the pulps may not know what that means and how to differentiate other types of science fiction and fantasy from weird fiction. Thanks for reading The Cosmic Codex! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work. Charles Tyra: With CHM, it did kind of start out as trying to pay tribute and homage to a magazine I loved growing up. And when it comes to weird fiction, you could probably ask ten publishers or editors, and they might all have a different answer. But for me, it's kind of like taking one of the sub genres like horror or science fiction or fantasy, and then you have something that's off with the world. And it's specifically unexplained. We just experience this distortion through the mind and the eyes of the main character. Brian: The triad of weird fiction authors, to me at least, seems to be the “acronyms”: H.P. Lovecraft, Clark Ashton Smith, and Robert E. Howard. All three wrote—in addition to fantasy and horror—science fiction. Do you find in weird fiction a blending of genres that tend to be more distinct when they don't carry that label? Charles: That's a good observation. They can be blended in all different ways as well as standing alone. And those three writers like had their own distinct style with doing that. Clark Ashton Smith took weird fiction in the direction of fantasy, Lovecraft in the direction of cosmic horror, and Robert E. Howard in the direction of sword and sorcery. Brian: Clark Ashton Smith has a small segment of his bibliography that is science fiction. But what do you think characterizes Clark Ashton Smith as a science fiction writer compared more modern writers? Charles: That's a writer that I really enjoy, but I haven't read [all] his works, compared to like Lovecraft. So how he differentiates in terms of science fiction is hard to say. Brian: Why don't you take the same question with Lovecraft? What makes a Lovecraft science fiction story different from an Isaac Asimov science fiction story? Thanks for reading The Cosmic Codex! This post is public so feel free to share it. Charles: The real difference is the science fiction is not really at the forefront. It's definitely there. You have characters that are scientists and that are trying to discover things. And rather than being enlightened, like a lot of characters in Asimov stories, they find something, and they're horrified, and their lives changed forever in a bad way. Brian: Do you have a favorite weird fiction science fiction story? Charles: It's gonna kind of depend on what era we're talking about. One of my favorites that combines weird fiction and science fiction is “The Diamond Lens”, by Fitz-James O'Brien. That's a super old one. Brian: But it's very good. James Gunn put it in one of his collections in The Road to Science Fiction. He called it a good candidate for the first modern science fiction story. In the 1860s, I think, pre-Civil War. Charles: Unfortunately, we didn't get more writing from him because of the Civil War. Brian: There are a lot of science fiction writers where we could have enjoyed a lot more from them. But life got cut short, or got in the way. Tell me about Goblins & Galaxies. You already have a successful magazine, Cosmic Horror Monthly. And you decided to start Goblins & Galaxies. It's going to combine three different sub genres. Charles: It's going back to my my same love. For the older pulp magazines, Weird Tales was foundational for cosmic horror and sword and sorcery (about a hundred years ago.) This is me doing the same thing, applying the same treatment we did with CHM, to this other genre that I really love. But asking to take that pretty niche subgenre in new directions. Hopefully we can see it combined with dark fantasy, and also see sword and sorcery combined with science fiction. There are some rules with sword and sorcery, but I think the setting, while awesome when it's a high fantasy, medieval setting, I don't think that should be a hard rule. Brian: The 1970s was a heyday of sword and sorcery, but a lot of writers in the 60s and 70s—I'm thinking here, in particular, of Michael Moorcock—had no compunction about combining science and magic in a sword and sorcery tale. It gives those stories a feel, a vibe, that you don't get from a lot of modern fantasy. If Cosmic Horror Monthly is reminiscent of Weird Tales, do you see Goblins & Galaxies as something in the same vein as The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction? Charles: I definitely hope to draw some inspiration there. Brian: What kind of stories are you hoping to get? Are you already taking submissions? Charles: The Kickstarter is still going for another week. On May 7th we'll open submissions for the first time. Brian: On another interview you said--perhaps surprisingly, because this is not always the case with editors--you enjoy reading the slush pile. Do you read everything that gets submitted for one of your magazines? Charles: Early on I definitely did read everything, but as time wore on and the responsibilities increased, I wasn't able to continue doing that. I still read as much as possible. That's one of the things I haven't grown tired of. Reading new stuff is just so exciting to me. I don't read every manuscript, but I try to read as much as possible—usually like half of the pile. Brian: What kind of range do you see? Just in terms of writing ability for people that submit a magazine. Charles: I think that it ebbs and flows with each open call. At this point I'm taking submissions four times a year, and our last couple of open calls the writing was really strong. Brian: That's awesome. With platforms like Wattpad, for instance, I feel there's a real desire out there for people to write and be able to send it somewhere and get somebody to look at it. [It’s] encouraging that people are sending in to your magazines. Well known science fiction editor, John W. Campbell, Jr., if he saw a story he wasn't going to accept, but he saw a spark of promise in the writer, he would write them back—sometimes voluminous feedback, “Here's all the things wrong with your story. You should fix these on your next story.” Do you do anything like that? Charles: We try to respond to every one we can. Unfortunately, we're not able to respond to all the manuscripts that come in. But if we have a story, it’s solid, it's promising, it was enjoy[able] to read, but it's not quite there…We're talking about maybe thirty-five spots out of a slush pile that's got 700 manuscripts in it. So a lot of great stories maybe don't make it. We try to respond to those as well as we can. Brian: A lot of new writers, in particular, would find it encouraging to know you do some of that. It can be demoralizing when you're sending in your manuscript—even though you no longer have to type it out, put it in an envelope, send it off. But even when you log into the portal and upload it, it's kind of like, “Am I ever gonna hear anything other than, hey—no, thanks.” I'm sure some people will take encouragement from [knowing] there's a better-than-zero chance [you’ll] respond. You mentioned Kickstarter. Did you learn anything from your launch of Cosmic Horror Monthly that informed what you did with the launch of Goblins & Galaxies? Charles: Oh, endless lessons. I have been doing Cosmic Horror Monthly for about five years, and I just jumped into that project, not knowing a whole lot about the specific processes and what all goes into it. I've built what I do as I go, and whenever we learn about something that works, now that's the thing that we do. So there's a lot of things I won't have to learn a second time. I'm excited about hitting the ground running with this magazine. Brian: Does [Cosmic Horror Monthly] run advertising in addition to selling subscriptions? Charles: I decided early o

  6. 04/24/2025

    "Probability Amplitudes": Incremental progress and a new prospective story

    My novelette, An Illicit Mercy, is part of a new promotion in April: FREE Adventures in Sci-fi & Fantasy. Over 150 stories, novels, samples and excerpts, available at no cost. My latest novelette, “Fire From Heaven,” now appears in Boundary Shock Quarterly 29: First Contact. In the shadows of an alien world, terror awaits. On the radiation-blasted planet Janus, a team of explorers descends into Abbadon—an ancient mountain facility hiding unimaginable secrets. As they navigate bizarre chambers filled with cryptic carvings, they unleash a nightmare. But the true horror lies not in the alien ruins, but in the chilling implications of the team’s discovery. Fire From Heaven is the sequel to my previous novelette, “Nasty, Brutish, and Short.” by Brian Scott Pauls Writing a book, I’m finding, is all about getting the words out. I’m grateful I continue making headway on Probability Amplitudes, my first collection of science fiction short stories. Since I last reported my progress in February, I’ve edged ahead from 43% in the “New Material Required” category, to 42%. While this represents only about 1600 of my 160,000 word goal for the pre-edited manuscript, they are 1600 words in the right direction. Like the tortoise who keeps moving, I’ll get there sooner or later. Thanks for reading The Cosmic Codex! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work. In the meantime, I’m pleased to add the title of a new prospective story to the list I revealed last month. “Guan Tayen and the Spirit of Quantum Chaos” As the youngest member of a free trader’s crew, fifteen-year-old Tayen feels like the rest of her family doesn’t take her seriously. Her elder sister and brother treat her like she’s in the way, her dad doesn’t have time for her, and her mom thinks all she can do is take care of her baby brother. If only she had some way to prove she’s a grown-up, just as valuable as anyone else on the ship. Thanks for reading The Cosmic Codex! This post is public so feel free to share it. Disaster strikes when a mysterious influence wreaks havoc on the quantum network linking the worlds and vessels of Tayen’s star system. As ships go offline and governments teeter on the edge of collapse, can she succeed where everyone else has failed? Can she draw on the inspiration of her Objibwe and Chinese heritage to confront and defeat the destructive presence threatening to destroy them all? This feels like it will be a fun story to write. I’m excited to see how it turns out! New Material Required: 67,463 words First Draft: 85,123 words Final Draft: 7414 words TOTAL: 160,000 Questions about Probability Amplitudes? Please comment below! This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.thecosmiccodex.com

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