The Cosmic Codex

Brian Scott Pauls

Living in a science fiction universe... www.thecosmiccodex.com

  1. 2d ago

    “Probability Amplitudes”: Editing in 2026

    Do you or someone you know need professional tech guidance for your author, coaching, or independent publishing business? If so, check out our sponsor Cloudessy, providing fractional Chief Technology Officer services. Simplify your tech stack, prevent launch failures, and build systems that actually support growth. https://marketing.cloudessy.com/30-minute-tech-stack-update/ Register for the 2026 Sturgeon Symposium:https://sfcenter.ku.edu/2026-sturgeon-symposiumIn 2023, with regard to Probability Amplitudes (my first science fiction collection), I shared my “intention to produce the highest quality work possible.” But I didn’t discuss what this might look like, beyond “[r]ounds of editing (by an experienced editor, not by me)” following “alpha- and beta-reading.” In the intervening three years I’ve acquired numerous tools, both physical and virtual, to make this job easier and less expensive—while letting me get the most out of paid, professional editing.Of course, the larger the number of tools, the easier it becomes for the editing process to get out-of-hand. To avoid this, I recently used Claude to create an editing/publishing outline, indicating where each tool best fits (based on Claude’s training data, as this is a subject beyond my own expertise). At this time, the process includes 14 separate tools, ranging from a method for creating character attributes that don’t all conform to my own biases (using the Dungeons & Dragons character generation system from the Moldvay Basic rules) to multiple software editing tools (AutoCrit, Hemingway, and ProWritingAid) to three different card decks—one each for story-building, character motivation, and self-editing (Sefirot Fabula, intùiti, and Edito, respectively). While complex, the purpose of this process is to allow me to put my best work in front of both editors and readers.I’m sharing the tool list and resulting outline for those readers and fellow writers who might find it helpful. It’s unlikely a large number of authors will want to use exactly the same tools, in exactly the same way. But perhaps what I’m doing will prove instructive for those who might want to create something similar for themselves. Tools Below are the tools I’ve chosen to incorporate into my process. Each is listed by name, the part of the process it addresses, and the format (website, software, card deck, etc.). AutoCrit: Dialogue ratio, adverb frequency, and pacing markers, compared with published work in the genre (website)Claude: Text indexing and search, streamlining work with Sefirot Edito (q.v.; artificial intelligence)CritiqueMatch: Critique partners and beta readers (website)Critters: Critique community (website)D&D Moldvay Basic: Characteristic generation, randomized to provide a variety of character types (ebook)Dialogue Doctor: Dialogue-based character design and growth (worksheet and ebook)Hemingway: Sentence length, adverbs, passive voice, and readability (website/software)Mind Prober: Personality profiling (software)1ProWritingAid: Line editing, grammar, and consistency (software)Scrivener: Word processor with character sketch templates (software)Sefirot Edito: Self-editing (card deck)Sefirot Fabula: Story-building (card deck)Sefirot intùiti: Character motivation (card deck)SFF Online Writing Workshop: Critique partners and possible professional review (website)Editing Process: Mixed-Length Collection (Self-Published) Flash fiction through short novel, with interstitial notes Legend: 🔴 Required · 🟡 Preferred · ⚪ Self-directed THE CHARACTER CHAIN Six steps, each feeding into the next. CC1. Character Generation (D&D: Moldvay Basic) — generate physical and mental baselines. Unexpected outcomes can produce opportunities (e.g., a high-Charisma, low-Wisdom result creates an interesting dynamic). Remember that six numbers describe a character’s capability, not who they are as a person. CC2. Personality Profile (Mind Prober) — build the character’s personality and psychology on top of CC1. CC3. Neuro-Variance — for each important character, pick a mental health category where they sit outside the expected range. Don’t treat this as a diagnosis. Use it to push the character in surprising directions. Guard against stereotyping; clinical categories make it tempting. Give the character a tendency that creates an obstacle to something they want. CC4. Sefirot intùiti — derive drives, motivations, and hang-ups from CC1–CC3. CC5. Scrivener Character Sketch — consolidate. Come back to this document while drafting. CC6. Character Voice/Growth Worksheet (Dialogue Doctor) — Five voice components, the character’s growth arc, and a list of important scenes based on these elements. Dialogue Doctor vs. Sefirot Fabula — CC6’s scene list and Fabula’s HERO’S DEVELOPMENT cards answer the same questions. Run CC6 first, then import its scenes into Fabula. Reversing this can cause Fabula’s archetypes to pull the character toward generic qualities instead of letting Dialogue Doctor differentiate them. Sefirot Edito vs. AutoCrit — Edito prompts while AutoCrit measures. Edito’s cards ask whether a scene belongs in the story; AutoCrit counts dialogue ratio, adverb frequency, and pacing markers, then compares them against published work in the genre to supply outside perspective. Where the two overlap regarding pacing, follow Edito’s process, referring to the AutoCrit report for clarification when a pacing problem is suspected but not obvious.PART ONE — PER-PIECE LOOPS TRACK A — Flash (under ~1,500 words) A1. ⚪ Premise — use Fabula: ASSETS if it helps.A2. ⚪ Character check — skip the character chain. Run CC6’s five voice components alone as a one-minute distinctness test.A3. ⚪ First Draft — draft in one sitting where possible.A4. ⚪ Drawer time — leave it a day or two.A5. ⚪ Revise and read aloud — at this length, merge these two steps. Run ProWritingAid Chapter Critique.A6. 🔴 Critique reader — or SFF Online Writing Workshop (OWW)/CritiqueMatch/Critters.A7. ⚪ Final pass — run ProWritingAid and Hemingway. TRACK B — Short story (~1,500–7,500 words) B1. ⚪ Premise — use Fabula: ASSETS selectively.B2. ⚪ Character chain — run full CC1–CC6 for the lead. Run CC1, CC2, CC5 for anyone else who matters. Keep the arc section light — many short stories turn on a change of understanding, not behavior.B3. ⚪ Minimal planning — build the CC6 scene list, then import into Fabula: CHARACTERS and EDITING cards if non-linear.B4. ⚪ First DraftB5. ⚪ Drawer time — leave it days to two weeks.B6. ⚪ Self-revision — run Edito: First revision. Read the whole story in one sitting. Run AutoCrit structural reports: pacing, dialogue ratio, show-vs-tell. Run ProWritingAid Chapter Critique.B7. 🔴 Critique group — choose OWW for turnaround time and the Editors’ Choice opportunity; choose Critters for a high volume of stories to be critiqued.B8. ⚪ Revision passB9. 🟡 Line edit — spend the most revision effort here. Run Edito: Third revision, ProWritingAid, Hemingway, AutoCrit line-level reports. Check against the CC6 voice components.B10. ⚪ Read-aloud passB11. ⚪ Self copy-edit pre-pass — run ProWritingAid. TRACK C — Novelette / Novella (~7,500–40,000 words) C1. ⚪ Premise and research — use Fabula: ASSETS.C2. ⚪ Character chain — run full CC1–CC6 for protagonist and one antagonist or foil. Run CC1, CC2, CC5 for the rest.C3. ⚪ Outlining — import CC6 scenes into Fabula: full HERO’S DEVELOPMENT. Use EDITING cards for sequencing.C4. ⚪ First DraftC5. ⚪ Drawer time — leave it weeks to months.C6. ⚪ Self-revision — run Edito: First revision. Address plot, character arc, structure, setting. Run AutoCrit structural reports. Run ProWritingAid Manuscript Analysis.C7. ⚪ Revision pass — run Edito: To Do / Thoughts / Done.C8. 🟡 Content pass — run Edito: Second revision. Read aloud chapter by chapter for pacing.C9. ⚪ Revision passC10. 🔴 Beta readers — recruit readers who will read the full piece and provide feedback. Treat OWW and Critters as supplementary at best; they cap at 7,500 words. Run ProWritingAid Virtual Beta Reader first to catch obvious problems before presenting to beta readers.C11. ⚪ Beta follow-up revision — re-run AutoCrit structural reports against the beta feedback. When readers report a pacing problem, the reports can help identify the cause in the text.C12. 🟡 Line edit — run Edito: Third revision, ProWritingAid, Hemingway, AutoCrit line-level reports. Check the CC6 voice components.C13. ⚪ Read-aloud passC14. ⚪ Self copy-edit pre-pass TRACK D — Short novel (~40,000+ words) Run the full novel pipeline. This is where the character chain really shines. D1. ⚪ Premise development and research — use Fabula: ASSETS.D2. ⚪ Character chain — run full CC1–CC6 for the protagonist and two other arc-bearing characters; that maps onto Fabula’s three CHARACTERS cards. Run CC1, CC2, CC5 for supporting cast. Refer to the CC5 sketches throughout the drafting process.D3. ⚪ Outlining — build the CC6 scene lists first. Then import them into Fabula: all 18 HERO’S DEVELOPMENT cards, three CHARACTERS cards tracking parallel arcs, EDITING cards for narrative order.D4. ⚪ First DraftD5. ⚪ Drawer time — leave it months.D6. ⚪ Self-revision / second draft — run Edito: Pre-editing, then First revision. Run AutoCrit structural reports for a baseline. Run ProWritingAid Manuscript Analysis.D7. 🟡 Alpha readers or critique partnersD8. ⚪ Revision pass — run Edito: To Do / Thoughts / Done.D9. 🟡 Manuscript assessment — get an editorial letter only. Fund this before any other paid stage on this piece.D10. 🟡 Developmental pass — run Edito: First revision. Assess against Fabula as a diagnostic. Check the CC6 arcs against the text of the draft. Run AutoCrit structural reports and genre comparison.

  2. Sep 13

    What in the worlds is dark matter?

    Do you or someone you know need professional tech guidance for your author, coaching, or independent publishing business? If so, check out our sponsor Cloudessy, providing fractional Chief Technology Officer services. Simplify your tech stack, prevent launch failures, and build systems that actually support growth. https://marketing.cloudessy.com/30-minute-tech-stack-update/ Five-sixths of the matter in the universe is a mystery to us. Now, we might have taken a step closer to figuring out what it is. Maybe. On September 1, the team running the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment searching for dark matter reported a development at a conference in Tendo, Japan. Nearly a mile underground in an old South Dakota gold mine, the team watches a tank containing ten tons of ultra-pure liquid xenon. Going through 220 days of data collected in 2023 and 2024, they found a flash of light—the signature of a xenon nucleus recoiling with 248 kiloelectronvolts of energy it picked up from a source no known background phenomenon explains. They calculated the significance of the event at 2.6 sigma—meaning the background would throw off an event like this roughly once in two hundred tries. That isn't enough to call the detection a "discovery," which typically requires five sigma or higher. They didn’t claim to have seen direct evidence of dark matter. But they saw something interesting.1If LZ, or another experiment, repeats this finding, it could have major ramifications for astrophysics and cosmology. Dark matter out-masses all the rest of the matter in our universe at a ratio of about five to one,2 and yet we don’t know what it is. In 1933, Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky determined the galaxies in the Coma cluster were moving too fast for the cluster’s visible mass to hold them together. Something else—he called it dunkle Materie3—had to be supplying the necessary gravity. The astronomy community basically ignored his finding for 40 years.4 Then in 1970, Vera Rubin and Kent Ford measured how fast the outer regions of the Andromeda galaxy rotate and found the same problem—the edges were turning nearly as fast as the middle, which Newtonian gravity flatly forbids unless the galaxy’s mass is distributed in ways that don’t match what our instruments detect.5 Fast-forward to 2006, when a team led by Douglas Clowe mapped a pair of galaxy clusters caught mid-collision. The gas in the clusters—which is where nearly all the ordinary matter lives—had piled up in the middle, slowed by the impact. But gravitational lensing showed the center-of-mass to be separated from the center of the gas by a significance of eight sigma. They called their paper: “A Direct Empirical Proof of the Existence of Dark Matter.”6 The cosmic microwave background provides additional confirmation. The Planck satellite’s measurements fix cold dark matter at roughly five times the density of ordinary matter. Everything we can identify—gas, planets, nebulae, stars, galaxies, quasars, etc.—amounts to about a sixth of the material universe.7 Everything else is invisible and intangible, detectable to us only by its gravity. So, what is it? Maybe it’s not invisible, just really hard to see… Before we dive into speculative explanations, let’s address the simplest possibility. Perhaps dark matter isn’t really exotic; it’s just faint—burnt-out stars, drifting planets, stray black holes. These are often called massive compact halo objects (MACHOs). Anything dense enough passing in front of a background star will briefly brighten it by gravitational lensing, so the idea is directly testable.8 The EROS-2 survey watched millions of stars in the Magellanic Clouds for 6.7 years. If the Milky Way’s halo were made of objects around four-tenths of a solar mass, roughly 39 lensing events should have shown up in the bright-star sample—only one did.9 The cosmic microwave background and Big Bang nucleosynthesis independently cap the total amount of ordinary matter far below what the galaxies' gravity demands—no matter how faint that matter might be.10Whatever holds the galaxies together, it isn’t made of the same stuff we are. Science fiction is on the case. Three novels in particular—Mike Brotherton’s Spider Star, John Gribbin’s The Alice Encounter, and Stephen Baxter’s Ring—each take a different approach to dramatizing the problem. WIMPs to the rescue? If dark matter isn’t just ordinary matter that’s hard to see, maybe it’s a particle no one has found yet. The favorite candidates for decades have been “weakly interacting massive particles” (WIMPs)—hypothesized to be heavy, stable particles produced in abundance in the early universe and left over when the cosmos thinned out.11 But we’ve hunted for a long time and nothing suitable has turned up. LZ published its low-mass results last December, based on 417 live days—the largest dataset any dark matter detector has ever assembled—and found nothing between three and nine proton masses.12 Meanwhile ADMX is searching for another, much lighter, proposed particle called the “axion”, with no success to-date.13 Mike Brotherton is a working astronomer, as well as a science fiction writer, and knows his physics. His novel Spider Star, a WIMP story, includes a planet made of weakly interacting matter, and a starship drive that scoops and pushes WIMPs as fuel14—a fascinating premise, and possibly even realistic, but as of now, still hypothetical. Maybe it’s a whole second world We have no good reason to conclude only one type of particle comprises dark matter. Ordinary matter has a dozen fundamental particles, multiple forces, and a periodic table. Dark matter could have the same—dark electrons, dark electromagnetism, dark chemistry—coupled to us by gravity and almost nothing else. The most elegant version is mirror matter, in which dark matter adheres to an exact copy of the Standard Model, with every particle getting a mirror twin.15 Earlier this year, theorists published predictions for electromagnetic signatures of mirror stars which have captured ordinary atoms.16Mirror matter is the driving conceit behind John Gribbin’s The Alice Encounter. Gribbin, an astrophysicist by training and a popularizer by trade, builds his novel on “Alice matter.” This is "looking glass" stuff, much more plentiful than normal matter, arranged in a roughly spherical distribution around the flat disk of our galaxy. Beings composed of Alice matter, and more advanced than we are, have noticed the “contamination” of normal matter in the universe and have decided to investigate.17 Inside the Sun? Whatever dark matter turns out to be, if it interacts with ordinary matter at all, some of it should end up in the cores of stars. Stars like our sun sweep up dark matter as they move through space, and a particle that scatters off a nucleus of normal matter along the way can lose enough speed to be stranded. Gravity does the rest, settling the captured particles into the core.18 In Stephen Baxter’s Ring, the fourth novel in his Xeelee series, the downloaded mind of a woman named Lieserl is lowered into the Sun and abandoned there for five million years. She finds the star inhabited by “photino birds.” These are dark matter creatures that colonize stellar cores, drain the energy that drives fusion, and age the stars prematurely into white dwarfs incapable of killing the photino birds in supernovae.19 The “photino” is the proposed supersymmetric partner of the photon, and in the 1980s it was among the leading candidates for cold dark matter.20 Maybe there is nothing there at all The unfashionable possibility is that the discrepancy is real and the interpretation is wrong. Perhaps gravity behaves differently at very low accelerations, and no missing substance is required. Mordehai Milgrom’s Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND), proposed in 1983, fits galactic rotation curves with a single new constant.21 MOND detractors point to the work on colliding galaxy clusters by Douglas Clowe and his colleagues mentioned above, but MOND’s advocates were still publishing rebuttals earlier this year.22 Stories waiting to be written… Cold Company. If dark matter can lose energy, some of it may have settled into a thin disk lying in the plane of the galaxy, which the Sun crosses roughly every thirty million years.23 A geologist and a physicist argue for decades about whether the impact record is a coincidence or a timetable—and about which of them will have to be wrong in public. The Long Fog. Due to something called the “neutrino fog,”24 dark matter detectors hit a wall no practical modifications can bypass. The answer lies permanently below the noise. A story about the last generation of experimentalists, what a scientific culture does when it proves a question unanswerable, and those who refuse to accept this limitation. Alice’s Argument. An homage to Isaac Asimov’s The Gods Themselves,25 further exploring one of that book’s most provocative premises. A laboratory converts a gram of ordinary matter into mirror matter, then converts it back. But it returns changed—edited. Someone made of mirror matter is sending us a message. First contact must be conducted a gram at a time, in a medium where no one can verify anything, and the negotiators on our side cannot agree on whether the other party is a government, a machine, or a child. What comes next The Vera C. Rubin Observatory began its ten-year survey of the southern sky this summer, and will map dark matter, in part, by the way it bends light across the visible universe.26 The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope launched on August 30 and is less than three months from its post at L2, where it will pursue a similar objective.s Underground, the LZ team keeps working, waiting to learn whether their recent detection is repeatable. Maybe one of the greatest unsolved mysteries of science won’t remain unsolved for long. Th

  3. Sep 3

    John Scalzi’s Old Man’s War series wins the Hugo

    Do you or someone you know need professional tech guidance for your author, coaching, or independent publishing business? If so, check out our sponsor Cloudessy, providing fractional Chief Technology Officer services. Simplify your tech stack, prevent launch failures, and build systems that actually support growth. https://marketing.cloudessy.com/30-minute-tech-stack-update/ Greg Bear Birthday Humble Bundle:https://www.humblebundle.com/books/greg-bear-birthday-bundle-open-road-media-books?hmb_source=&hmb_medium=product_tile&hmb_campaign=mosaic_section_1_layout_index_3_layout_type_threes_tile_index_1_c_gregbearbirthdaybundleopenroadmedia_bookbundle&_gl=1*2thjm5*_up*MQ..*_gs*MQ..&gclid=CjwKCAjwwL_UBhAjEiwAEhuT5J6I3YtOIs2Ik9j35W4nlkDiNJBpz19T17oP3Hy94Vx6r4klmG_ZwhoCdIEQAvD_BwE&gbraid=0AAAAACzVokDVr7jJ6gZ2jgVi7LtdRGu3qby Brian Scott Pauls This past Sunday, the World Science Fiction Society presented the Hugo Awards at LAcon V in Anaheim—the 84th Worldcon. Fantasy continued to dominate the novel categories, with one big exception. John Scalzi won the Hugo Award for Best Series with his seven (to date) novels in the Old Man’s War cycle. Tor published the first book, Old Man’s War, in 2005, and the most recent, The Shattering Peace, in 2025.1 Just a reminder that Cloudessy, my consulting business providing fractional Chief Technology Officer services, is now a sponsor of this newsletter. If you or someone you know needs professional tech guidance for their author, coaching, or independent publishing business, check out the ad at the end of this post. Thank you! Born in 1969 in Fairfield, California, Scalzi received an AB in philosophy from the University of Chicago, where he edited the student paper and freelanced for the Chicago Sun-Times.2 In the nineties he worked as a film critic and opinion columnist at the Fresno Bee, then two years as an in-house writer and editor at AOL.3 In September 1998 he started his blog Whatever, still active today.4 Scalzi discovered the value of “shareware” marketing early on. In 1997 he wrote Agent to the Stars as an experiment, to see if he could handle writing at novel-length. In 1999 he posted it for free on his website, asking readers to mail him a dollar if they liked it. By 2004 he’d received about $4000 from satisfied fans.5Learning from this experience, Scalzi serialized Old Man’s War on the blog in 2002.6 Then he sent Tor editor Patrick Nielsen Hayden a link to an essay he’d written about the experiment. Two days later, Nielsen Hayden replied, “as the blurb cliché goes, I couldn’t put it down.” Tor published the book in 2005. The next year it received a Hugo nomination for Best Novel and won the John W. Campbell (now Astounding) Award for Best New Writer.7 The Best Series win is Scalzi’s fourth Hugo, following Best Fan Writer in 2008, Best Related Book in 2009 for Your Hate Mail Will Be Graded, and Best Novel in 2013 for Redshirts.8 In 2015 Tor signed him to a thirteen book contract over ten years.9 Scalzi lives with his wife in Bradford, Ohio.10See below for the description of Old Man’s War, the first novel in the series, from the publisher’s website: "John Perry did two things on his 75th birthday. First he visited his wife’s grave. Then he joined the army. The good news is that humanity finally made it to the stars. The bad news is that, out there, planets fit to live on are scarce—and alien races willing to fight us for them are common. So: we fight. Far from Earth, the war has been going on for decades: brutal, bloody, unyielding. Responsible for protecting humanity, the Colonial Defense Force doesn’t want young people; they want people who carry the knowledge and skills of decades of living. You’ll be taken off Earth, never to return. You’ll serve two years in combat. And if you survive, you’ll be given a homestead of your own on a hard-won planet light-years from home. John Perry is taking that deal. He thinks he knows what to expect. But the actual fight is far, far harder than he can imagine—and what he will become is far stranger.11" This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.thecosmiccodex.com

  4. Aug 27

    A critique of Adrian Tchaikovsky’s “Children of Time”

    Do you or someone you know need professional tech guidance for your author, coaching, or independent publishing business? If so, check out our sponsor Cloudessy, providing fractional Chief Technology Officer services. Simplify your tech stack, prevent launch failures, and build systems that actually support growth. https://marketing.cloudessy.com/30-minute-tech-stack-update/ Stream the Hugo Awards Ceremony 2026:https://www.youtube.com/@lacon-onlineGreg Bear Birthday Humble Bundle:https://www.humblebundle.com/books/greg-bear-birthday-bundle-open-road-media-books?hmb_source=&hmb_medium=product_tile&hmb_campaign=mosaic_section_1_layout_index_3_layout_type_threes_tile_index_1_c_gregbearbirthdaybundleopenroadmedia_bookbundle&_gl=1*2thjm5*_up*MQ..*_gs*MQ..&gclid=CjwKCAjwwL_UBhAjEiwAEhuT5J6I3YtOIs2Ik9j35W4nlkDiNJBpz19T17oP3Hy94Vx6r4klmG_ZwhoCdIEQAvD_BwE&gbraid=0AAAAACzVokDVr7jJ6gZ2jgVi7LtdRGu3qby Brian Scott Pauls If you put Andre Norton’s “The Stars Are Ours,” Robert A. Heinlein’s “Orphans of the Sky,” Frank Herbert’s “Dune,” David Brin’s “The Uplift War,” and Vernor Vinge’s “A Deepness In the Sky” in a blender on ‘high,’ you might get something like Adrian Tchaikovsky’s “Children of Time.” This is a description, not a criticism. “Immature poets imitate;” Eliot tells us, “mature poets steal...” Refugees from a ruined Earth escaping to the stars, a generation ship fallen into savagery, an epic sweep of future history, terrestrial species uplifted to sentience, even a culture of intelligent, spider-like “aliens”—none of this is new. After more than a century of genre science fiction, new ideas are rare. But Eliot also said “…bad poets deface what they take, and good poets make it into something better, or at least something different.” Tchaikovsky isn’t necessarily better than Norton, Heinlein, Herbert, Brin, and Vinge, but without a doubt he gives us a unique and memorable combination of these elements. In 2023, Tchaikovsky’s Children of Time series won the Hugo Award for Best Series, and this first book won the Arthur C. Clarke Award in 2016. I’ll review the following volumes, Children of Ruin and Children of Memory, over the next two months. Also, please remember Cloudessy, my consulting business providing fractional Chief Technology Officer services, is now a sponsor of this newsletter. If you or someone you know needs professional tech guidance for their author, coaching, or independent publishing business, check out the ad at the end of this post. Thank you! Thanks for reading The Cosmic Codex! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work. Children of Time begins with Dr. Avrana Kern’s plan to seed a terraformed world with monkeys, along with a nanovirus meant to accelerate their evolution. When a sabotage attack kills the monkeys, the nanovirus escapes and infects other species already on the planet, including a population of Portia labiata (“jumping spiders”.) Kern survives in suspended animation emerging at long intervals to watch over the world below. Thousands of years later, the ark ship Gilgamesh approaches the planet after fleeing a ruined Earth. This results in a confrontation with Kern, now psychologically unstable after long isolation, who is unwilling to share “her” world with the unexpected and unwelcome refugees. Tchaikovsky structures Children of Time in a back-and-forth narrative which compares and contrasts the gradual development of the “Portiid’s” spider civilization with the technological and cultural decline of the humans on their decaying starship. Of the two, the Portiids are the most fascinating. Trained in psychology and zoology, Tchaikovsky is at his scientific strongest when depicting how arthropod-type species think and behave. The real life Portia labiata ranks among the most cognitively studied arthropods. Experiments have documented specimens selecting routes before moving, executing detours that carry them out of sight of their prey, and adjusting their tactics against spitting spiders of the genus Scytodes. From this framework, Tchaikovsky constructs a believable, and (which is more important here) a believably non-human society that nevertheless piques our curiosity and sympathy. The Portiids even develop biotechnology allowing them to build computers out of ants: Each colony has been carefully trained, by subtle manipulation of punishment, reward and chemical stimulus, to perform a specific service, giving the great minds of the spiders access to a curious kind of analytical engine, using the cascading decision trees of the colony’s own governance as gearing. Each colony is good for a very limited set of related calculations—a vastly skilled yet vastly specialized idiot savant—and retraining a community of ants is a long and painstaking task. Tchaikovsky goes to great lengths constructing a new species we’ll accept as “real.” And when the Portiids reach orbit, he drops an observation worthy of Orson Scott Card in Enders Game: “They are a species that is well made for a life of constant free-fall around a planet. They are born to climb and to orient themselves in three dimensions.” Due Tchaikovsky’s preceding work, we see this as a characterization of the Party’s established nature, not as a rip-off of Card’s “the enemy’s gate is down.” Thanks for reading The Cosmic Codex! This post is public so feel free to share it. One of the novel’s weaknesses is that, except for Kern (and by the end she’s no longer even a real exception,) none of the humans are as interesting as the Portiids. What’s worse is, they’re also often neither likeable nor memorable. Once again, Kern’s an exception—she’s memorable because she’s unlikable. Tchaikovsky may have made a rare mistake here. He uses, as one of his primary human point-of view characters, Holsten Mason, a classicist whose main role is to decipher the ancient language used by Kern, which proceeds that of the ship by thousands of years. Linguistics may make for a fascinating academic discipline, but it’s not necessarily a source of gripping drama. The predominant role of the humans, other than as a source of familiarity to the reader, is as a foil to the developing Portiid civilization. Tchaikovsky describes humanity, represented here by escapees from a planet their species itself has killed, as “…devastating the fauna of planet Earth, and then turning on its own sibling offshoots, and then at last, when no other suitable adversaries remained, tearing at itself.” He’s even more direct when he observes “[g]enocide—of other species and of their own—was ever a tool in the human kit.” This stands in stark contrast to the more harmonious, if still imperfect, approach of the Portiid species and civilization, a harmony rooted in genetics and their nanovirus-influenced evolutionary history. The inevitable confrontation between Portiids and humans centers on thought experiment in game theory known as “The Prisoner’s Dilemma.” Holsten imagines contact as such a dilemma: “We’d never be able to communicate, and even if we could, we’d still be those same two prisoners forced to trust—and risk—or to damn the other in trying to save slightly more of our own hides.” The Portiids, with a genetically engineered biology geared more toward cooperation than competition, see Holten’s Catch-22 “as a Gordian knot, to be cut through rather than be bound by.” The Portiid’s proposed solution for cutting through that knot will land differently for different readers. Some will see it as a clever way to wrap up the book’s conflicting lines of reasoning. Some may find it an affront to what it means to be human. And while both are valid points, neither may be strong enough to elevate the literary status of Children of Time from “good” to “great.” But as the introduction to a series, Children of Time works well enough. The world-building alone likely suffices to entice many readers to pick up the next volume, Children of Ruin. Recommended for: Fans of space adventure, epic future history, and compelling “alien” species. Not recommended for: anyone looking for a large cast of gripping human characters Thoughts about my critique of Children of Time? Please comment below! Artificial intelligence tools performed multiple tasks in the creation and publication of this article. This month, I’m reading Rebecca Campbell’s Ursual K. Le Guin Award-winning novel Arboreality. I’m sharing my thoughts on Club Codex, where any Cosmic Codex subscriber can follow along, comment, or ask questions.Click below to participate: Authors: Turn Tech Chaos Into Calm, Clear Systems Your email platform doesn’t talk to your course host. Your CRM doesn’t connect to your payment processor. And somewhere in that gap, you’re losing sales you’ll never be able to trace. Tech chaos is one of the most common—and costly—problems facing author businesses today. According to a study from Slack, the average business owner loses up to 96 minutes of productivity every single day to fragmented tools. That’s three full weeks of wasted time per year. Cloudessy’s fractional CTO services can help authors, coaches, and independent publishers simplify your tech stacks, prevent launch failures, and build systems that actually support growth. Ready to stop fighting your tech? This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.thecosmiccodex.com

  5. Aug 20

    “Probability Amplitudes”: Picking up where we left off

    Do you or someone you know need professional tech guidance for your author, coaching, or independent publishing business? If so, check out our sponsor Cloudessy, providing fractional Chief Technology Officer services. Simplify your tech stack, prevent launch failures, and build systems that actually support growth. https://marketing.cloudessy.com/30-minute-tech-stack-update/ Nearly half the matter in the universe is missing The ledger of particle physics doesn’t balance. Physics tells us the Big Bang should have created matter and antimatter in precisely equal amounts—which should have mutually annihilated on contact, leaving nothing in the universe but radiation. Yet, here we are, asking why.Here’s what really happened. For approximately every billion matter-antimatter annihilations, one particle of matter survived. This matter made the stars, planets, nebulae, and us. Physicists call this the “baryon asymmetry problem,” and it’s one of the greatest unsolved mysteries of science. The ratio of surviving matter particles to photons is about six in ten billion—but we can’t explain why. Science fiction has been playing with antimatter for nearly a century, but mostly as fuel and firepower. Jack Williamson's "Seetee" series puts antimatter asteroids in the Belt and sets engineers to taming them as fuel for spacecraft and power plants. E. E. Smith weaponizes antimatter as the "negasphere," a bomb of “negative matter,” in Gray Lensman. While some authors have written stories skirting the central mystery of baryon asymmetry, none seem to have tackled it directly. One quick reminder—Cloudessy, my consulting business providing fractional Chief Technology Officer services, is now a sponsor of this newsletter. If you or someone you know needs professional tech guidance for your author, coaching, or independent publishing business, check out the ad at the end of this post. Thank you! Maybe the antimatter is just hiding The simplest solution to the baryon asymmetry problem is to deny it exists. Perhaps the universe is balanced—the antimatter is simply somewhere else. This was a respectable scientific position for much of the twentieth century. Antimatter atoms would form antimatter planets, stars, and galaxies. From a distance, we wouldn’t be able to tell the difference. Light emitted by an antimatter atom is identical to light emitted by a matter atom. Larry Niven’s 1967 story “Flatlander” is an sf treatment of this idea. Beowulf Shaeffer investigates a rogue planet inbound from intergalactic space—an object so strange and lethal the mystery of its true nature drives the plot. Of course, it’s made of antimatter. This planet is a relic from the universe’s missing half, preserved for billions of years only because it stayed in the void between galaxies, where there was nothing to touch. Thanks for reading The Cosmic Codex! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work. The “hiding” hypothesis hasn’t aged well. If any substantial region of the universe were made of antimatter, gamma radiation from the annihilation of gas particles would light up its boundary with neighboring matter regions. Astronomers have looked. The sky shows no such signs, out to distances comparable to the entire observable universe. Experiments like the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) aboard the International Space Station have hunted—so far without confirmed success—for even a single heavy anti-nucleus (such as one atom of antihelium) that could only have come from an antimatter star. Sakharov’s recipe Something, very early on, treated matter and antimatter differently. In 1967, the Soviet physicist Andrei Sakharov worked out exactly what that “something” would require. To cook a matter surplus from balanced ingredients, the universe must satisfy three conditions. * A way for baryon number to change: Some process must be able to create matter without creating an equal amount of antimatter. * Violations of two symmetries called C and CP: the laws of physics must, at some level, distinguish between particles and their mirror-image antiparticles. * A departure from thermal equilibrium: a moment of rapid, one-way change—such as the first fraction of a second after the Big Bang—when reactions couldn’t run backward and erase the surplus as fast as it accumulated. It turns out our universe does satisfy these conditions—just not enough. The second condition made headlines when CP violation showed up in the laboratory. Physicists first caught nature favoring matter over antimatter in the decays of kaons in 1964, then in B mesons at the turn of the century. In 2025, the LHCb experiment at CERN added a long-sought piece: the first observation of CP violation in baryons—the family of particles that includes the protons and neutrons we’re made of—measuring a small but unmistakable difference in how a particle called the beauty-lambda and its antiparticle decay. But when we add up all the CP violation the Standard Model provides, we fall short of the observed cosmic surplus by many orders of magnitude. Something else—perhaps new particles or forces—did the real work. One possibility is a scenario called “leptogenesis,” in which an early small asymmetry among neutrinos converted into the baryon asymmetry we see today. Experiments now under construction, like the DUNE neutrino observatory, are designed to hunt for it. Thanks for reading The Cosmic Codex! This post is public so feel free to share it. Meanwhile, researchers at CERN have begun interrogating antimatter directly: in 2023, the ALPHA-g experiment dropped antihydrogen atoms and confirmed that they fall down, not up, closing off one exotic loophole. Backward in time There’s a stranger way to think about the missing antimatter. It comes from one of the most elegant ideas in physics. In the mathematics of quantum field theory—the Feynman-Stueckelberg interpretation—an antiparticle is indistinguishable from an ordinary particle traveling backward in time. A positron moving forward through time is an electron moving the other way. Seen through this lens, “Why is there more matter than antimatter?” becomes a question about time itself: why does our region of the universe have a single, consistent arrow? Greg Egan has rigorously dramatized this connection in his Orthogonal trilogy, culminating in The Arrows of Time. Egan builds an entire alternate cosmos—different geometry, different physics, worked out in loving detail—in which clusters of matter can carry opposed arrows of time, and annihilate on contact. His alien civilization faces extinction from an oncoming swarm of such matter. In the final book, the characters visit a world where time runs the other way. Egan’s characters confront their asymmetry the way our physicists confront ours—with arguments and experiments, while recognizing our existence itself may depend on imbalance. A thumb on the scale In “The New Cosmogony,” from the 1971 collection A Perfect Vacuum, Stanislaw Lem proposes what may be the most audacious answer of all. He frames it as a lecture delivered by a winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics. Its thesis is the laws of physics are not primordial. They are the accumulated moves of a game played over billions of years by civilizations so old they have stopped building things in the universe and started rebuilding the rules of the universe itself. The odd features of physics—lopsided constants, broken symmetries—are strategy, not accidents. Lem makes the sheer arbitrariness of physical law the central mystery of the plot. Faced with the problem of baryon asymmetry, his Nobel laureate might smile and tell us “It’s just another move in the game”—a fascinating spin on the fine-tuning argument. Stories waiting to be written… Antimatter isn’t the only thing missing. There’s a surprising lack of science fiction stories in which baryon asymmetry is the mystery to be solved. Consider these possibilities: The Audit. A physicist finally derives the baryon asymmetry from first principles—and the derivation works only if someone chose the number. “Saganite” encoding in the digits of the surplus holds a message: the universe’s Terms of Service, left by whomever determined the asymmetry. Now the question is, should we acknowledge receipt of the message? Past Due. Leptogenesis was real, but it wasn’t natural. A late-universe civilization discovers that the primordial antimatter wasn’t destroyed—it was borrowed against, its share of existence deferred to keep the ledger balanced. Now the deferred half is due, and the collectors experience time in the opposite direction, remembering our future, negotiating in reverse toward a settlement that must conclude at the Big Bang. The Last Anti-Star. An interstellar probe finds a single ancient antimatter star, shepherded through the void for thirteen billion years inside a containment structure. Is it a museum, a cosmic “seed vault,” or a witness under protection? Why has it been preserved? And for whom? We may learn tomorrow why matter won. Or the answer may wait, buried in neutrino data or physics we haven’t yet discovered, for a century or more. Either way, the missing half of the universe is more than an accounting problem. It’s a fundamental piece of the puzzle inherent in the question, “How did we get here?” Thoughts about the imbalance between matter and antimatter in our universe, or the stories we might write about it? Share by leaving a comment below! Artificial intelligence tools performed multiple tasks in the creation and publication of this article. This month, I’m reading Rebecca Campbell’s Ursual K. Le Guin Award-winning novel Arboreality. I’m sharing my thoughts on Club Codex, where any Cosmic Codex subscriber can follow along, comment, or ask questions. From this week’s post: “…an uncompromising look at the possible impact o

  6. Aug 14

    Where is all the antimatter?

    Do you or someone you know need professional tech guidance for your author, coaching, or independent publishing business? If so, check out our sponsor Cloudessy, providing fractional Chief Technology Officer services. Simplify your tech stack, prevent launch failures, and build systems that actually support growth. https://marketing.cloudessy.com/30-minute-tech-stack-update/ Nearly half the matter in the universe is missing The ledger of particle physics doesn’t balance. Physics tells us the Big Bang should have created matter and antimatter in precisely equal amounts—which should have mutually annihilated on contact, leaving nothing in the universe but radiation. Yet, here we are, asking why.Here’s what really happened. For approximately every billion matter-antimatter annihilations, one particle of matter survived. This matter made the stars, planets, nebulae, and us. Physicists call this the “baryon asymmetry problem,” and it’s one of the greatest unsolved mysteries of science. The ratio of surviving matter particles to photons is about six in ten billion—but we can’t explain why. Science fiction has been playing with antimatter for nearly a century, but mostly as fuel and firepower. Jack Williamson's "Seetee" series puts antimatter asteroids in the Belt and sets engineers to taming them as fuel for spacecraft and power plants. E. E. Smith weaponizes antimatter as the "negasphere," a bomb of “negative matter,” in Gray Lensman. While some authors have written stories skirting the central mystery of baryon asymmetry, none seem to have tackled it directly. One quick reminder—Cloudessy, my consulting business providing fractional Chief Technology Officer services, is now a sponsor of this newsletter. If you or someone you know needs professional tech guidance for your author, coaching, or independent publishing business, check out the ad at the end of this post. Thank you! Maybe the antimatter is just hiding The simplest solution to the baryon asymmetry problem is to deny it exists. Perhaps the universe is balanced—the antimatter is simply somewhere else. This was a respectable scientific position for much of the twentieth century. Antimatter atoms would form antimatter planets, stars, and galaxies. From a distance, we wouldn’t be able to tell the difference. Light emitted by an antimatter atom is identical to light emitted by a matter atom. Larry Niven’s 1967 story “Flatlander” is an sf treatment of this idea. Beowulf Shaeffer investigates a rogue planet inbound from intergalactic space—an object so strange and lethal the mystery of its true nature drives the plot. Of course, it’s made of antimatter. This planet is a relic from the universe’s missing half, preserved for billions of years only because it stayed in the void between galaxies, where there was nothing to touch. Thanks for reading The Cosmic Codex! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work. The “hiding” hypothesis hasn’t aged well. If any substantial region of the universe were made of antimatter, gamma radiation from the annihilation of gas particles would light up its boundary with neighboring matter regions. Astronomers have looked. The sky shows no such signs, out to distances comparable to the entire observable universe. Experiments like the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) aboard the International Space Station have hunted—so far without confirmed success—for even a single heavy anti-nucleus (such as one atom of antihelium) that could only have come from an antimatter star. Sakharov’s recipe Something, very early on, treated matter and antimatter differently. In 1967, the Soviet physicist Andrei Sakharov worked out exactly what that “something” would require. To cook a matter surplus from balanced ingredients, the universe must satisfy three conditions. * A way for baryon number to change: Some process must be able to create matter without creating an equal amount of antimatter. * Violations of two symmetries called C and CP: the laws of physics must, at some level, distinguish between particles and their mirror-image antiparticles. * A departure from thermal equilibrium: a moment of rapid, one-way change—such as the first fraction of a second after the Big Bang—when reactions couldn’t run backward and erase the surplus as fast as it accumulated. It turns out our universe does satisfy these conditions—just not enough. The second condition made headlines when CP violation showed up in the laboratory. Physicists first caught nature favoring matter over antimatter in the decays of kaons in 1964, then in B mesons at the turn of the century. In 2025, the LHCb experiment at CERN added a long-sought piece: the first observation of CP violation in baryons—the family of particles that includes the protons and neutrons we’re made of—measuring a small but unmistakable difference in how a particle called the beauty-lambda and its antiparticle decay. But when we add up all the CP violation the Standard Model provides, we fall short of the observed cosmic surplus by many orders of magnitude. Something else—perhaps new particles or forces—did the real work. One possibility is a scenario called “leptogenesis,” in which an early small asymmetry among neutrinos converted into the baryon asymmetry we see today. Experiments now under construction, like the DUNE neutrino observatory, are designed to hunt for it. Thanks for reading The Cosmic Codex! This post is public so feel free to share it. Meanwhile, researchers at CERN have begun interrogating antimatter directly: in 2023, the ALPHA-g experiment dropped antihydrogen atoms and confirmed that they fall down, not up, closing off one exotic loophole. Backward in time There’s a stranger way to think about the missing antimatter. It comes from one of the most elegant ideas in physics. In the mathematics of quantum field theory—the Feynman-Stueckelberg interpretation—an antiparticle is indistinguishable from an ordinary particle traveling backward in time. A positron moving forward through time is an electron moving the other way. Seen through this lens, “Why is there more matter than antimatter?” becomes a question about time itself: why does our region of the universe have a single, consistent arrow? Greg Egan has rigorously dramatized this connection in his Orthogonal trilogy, culminating in The Arrows of Time. Egan builds an entire alternate cosmos—different geometry, different physics, worked out in loving detail—in which clusters of matter can carry opposed arrows of time, and annihilate on contact. His alien civilization faces extinction from an oncoming swarm of such matter. In the final book, the characters visit a world where time runs the other way. Egan’s characters confront their asymmetry the way our physicists confront ours—with arguments and experiments, while recognizing our existence itself may depend on imbalance. A thumb on the scale In “The New Cosmogony,” from the 1971 collection A Perfect Vacuum, Stanislaw Lem proposes what may be the most audacious answer of all. He frames it as a lecture delivered by a winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics. Its thesis is the laws of physics are not primordial. They are the accumulated moves of a game played over billions of years by civilizations so old they have stopped building things in the universe and started rebuilding the rules of the universe itself. The odd features of physics—lopsided constants, broken symmetries—are strategy, not accidents. Lem makes the sheer arbitrariness of physical law the central mystery of the plot. Faced with the problem of baryon asymmetry, his Nobel laureate might smile and tell us “It’s just another move in the game”—a fascinating spin on the fine-tuning argument. Stories waiting to be written… Antimatter isn’t the only thing missing. There’s a surprising lack of science fiction stories in which baryon asymmetry is the mystery to be solved. Consider these possibilities: The Audit. A physicist finally derives the baryon asymmetry from first principles—and the derivation works only if someone chose the number. “Saganite” encoding in the digits of the surplus holds a message: the universe’s Terms of Service, left by whomever determined the asymmetry. Now the question is, should we acknowledge receipt of the message? Past Due. Leptogenesis was real, but it wasn’t natural. A late-universe civilization discovers that the primordial antimatter wasn’t destroyed—it was borrowed against, its share of existence deferred to keep the ledger balanced. Now the deferred half is due, and the collectors experience time in the opposite direction, remembering our future, negotiating in reverse toward a settlement that must conclude at the Big Bang. The Last Anti-Star. An interstellar probe finds a single ancient antimatter star, shepherded through the void for thirteen billion years inside a containment structure. Is it a museum, a cosmic “seed vault,” or a witness under protection? Why has it been preserved? And for whom? We may learn tomorrow why matter won. Or the answer may wait, buried in neutrino data or physics we haven’t yet discovered, for a century or more. Either way, the missing half of the universe is more than an accounting problem. It’s a fundamental piece of the puzzle inherent in the question, “How did we get here?” Thoughts about the imbalance between matter and antimatter in our universe, or the stories we might write about it? Share by leaving a comment below! Artificial intelligence tools performed multiple tasks in the creation and publication of this article. This month, I’m reading Rebecca Campbell’s Ursual K. Le Guin Award-winning novel Arboreality. I’m sharing my thoughts on Club Codex, where any Cosmic Codex subscriber can follow along, comment, or ask questions. From this week’s post: “…an uncompromising look at the possible impact o

  7. Aug 7

    A critique of "The Hieros Gamos of Sam and An Smith," by Josephine Saxton

    Do you or someone you know need professional tech guidance for your author, coaching, or independent publishing business? If so, check out our sponsor Cloudessy, providing fractional Chief Technology Officer services. Simplify your tech stack, prevent launch failures, and build systems that actually support growth. https://marketing.cloudessy.com/30-minute-tech-stack-update/ Text of original article: In 2023, Josephine Saxton won the Cordwainer Smith Rediscovery Award, which elevates the work of deserving, but lesser known, science fiction and fantasy writers.When Saxton’s The Hieros Gamos of Sam and An Smith hit bookstore shelves in 1969, it did in fact carry the imprint name “Doubleday Science Fiction.” It’s not science fiction. Not by today’s standards, at least. If this book were published in 2026, the publisher would almost certainly label it “magical realism.” Ostensibly, what we have here is a post-apocalyptic narrative. A boy (but no dog, sorry) makes his way through the countryside of a nearly deserted England. So far so good. And at first the world seems very post-apocalyptic indeed. In the first few pages we learn the boy is traveling alone and on foot. The environs through which he walks are very quiet. So quiet, in fact, that the song of a bird causes him to cry with joy. “This morning he had seen a bird, and it had been singing, and the sound had excited him until he had tears running down his face, and he had been very happy. It was a long time since he had heard anything at all, except the sounds that he himself made.” What sort of apocalypse is this, that leaves a country so barren even sound is all but extinguished? We might think a boy stranded in such a situation would be seeking help—perhaps an adult who could offer food and shelter. But the opposite is true. “…if he ever saw another human being, and sometimes he did, he would avoid contact, and he knew that this was right, for in this way, trouble was avoided.” What do we have here? A plague? Perhaps a zombie plague? George Romero’s original Night of the Living Dead came out just a year before this book. Soon the boy hears a sound he attributes to some sort of animal—perhaps a rabbit. At least we know there are animals (other than the occasional bird) left in this strange world! But Saxton quickly minimizes even this slight consolation: “…it might be a rabbit although he knew this was a remote possibility, as he had only had one rabbit in his whole life.” Thanks for reading The Cosmic Codex! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work. In any case, the “rabbit” turns out to be a newborn baby girl, umbilical cord still attached to her dead mother. Here we get some insight into the boy’s response to mortality. “Death and the dead must at all costs be avoided,” he thinks, and backs away “full of shock and distress.” Then Saxton throws us a curve ball. “The boy was fourteen years old. He had been walking alone now for ten years…” Wait…this kid has been walking through a nearly silent world, avoiding people whenever possible, since he was four years old? Subsequent events increase our perplexity. Against his better judgement, based on “rules” he’s learned (apparently at the age of three and four) from someone, the boy chooses to rescue the baby—even though he has no idea how to care for her. He carries her to an empty town, finding a grocery store with an automatic door (that still functions after a decade) and shelves still stocked with soda water and condensed milk. Later, he locates a bathhouse with functioning toilets and a pool still filled with chlorinated water heated to “a temperature of about eighty-three degrees Farenheit.” Eventually he discovers an indoor shopping mall (also fully stocked) where the heat and even a coffee machine still work. This is a very odd apocalypse. That’s because we aren’t reading a science fiction novel. We’ve been hoodwinked by Doubleday’s late-60s marketing department. Instead of a literal end-of-civilization scenario, this apocalypse is a stand-in for something else. The Hieros Gamos of Sam and An Smith is about the differences between boys and girls on the one hand, and women and men on the other. The empty world, seemingly devoid (or nearly so) of adults is more a representation of how the grown-up world is largely invisible to children, who are primarily the inhabitants of their own needs, desires, and imaginations. Thanks for reading The Cosmic Codex! This post is public so feel free to share it. This is symbolized by a monument the boy finds in the empty village. “...he came upon a statue of a man on horseback, with an inscription beneath it. The inscription thus: “’To the memory of those brave men of the town of Thingy, who gave their lives in the First World War.’” Here it’s important to understand the meaning of the word “thingy” in British English: “a person or thing whose name one has forgotten, does not know, or does not wish to mention.” You are unlikely to find the name “Thingy” on any map of Great Britain. Saxton is telling us we’re reading an allegory or parable, not a narrative to be interpreted literally. In service of this project, she not only chooses to call her protagonist “the boy” in this part of the book, but gives him preferences and qualities readers in the 60s would have associated primarily with girls. He abhors being dirty, constantly longing for a bath and shampoo to wash his luxurious gold curls. He loves nail polish, and at one point enthuses over painting his nails a particularly eye-catching shade of red. He spends an inordinate amount of time picking out clothes, and on another occasion selects: “…a bottle of nail varnish, an orange-to-pink shade that would go nicely with the grey silk of his shirt…and a spray of cologne that excited his senses, with the word ‘Femme’ written on it.” While this could be considered queer coding, both in 1969 and today, I think Saxton is up to something else. I think she’s implying boys and girls are much more similar than men and women, and the boy has yet to experience this transformation. She also gives the boy a strong aversion to death. We’ve already seen how he reacts when encountering the baby’s dead mother. Another example is his response to reading the plaque on the war memorial: “The boy knelt down, and, not knowing why, howled with uncontrollable grief.” Generally speaking, children in a first-world country like England are socially protected from, and don’t understand, death. It’s alien to them. Confronted with its existence, they might react in a variety of ways. But for a teenage boy, sadness, depression, and even fear aren’t unreasonable possibilities. Children, as represented by the boy, are inherently selfish. And Saxton seems to believe having children of our own is how many of us grow out of this selfishness. At one point in the shopping mall, the boy leaves the baby sleeping by herself so he can pick out a new outfit. This is a process that takes a lot of time, as he is very particular about how he looks. He only remembers the baby when it’s nearly dark—and only then because she starts crying somewhere on a floor below. He tries to find his way back, but becomes confused and then lays down and goes to sleep—even though he knows she could suffer a horrible fate. We realize this when he wakes in the night and hears the baby crying. “He thought…of the baby, attacked by rats; hungry, hard-jawed rats, alone in the chemist’s department, and in the morning, nothing. Nothing left but their stinking droppings.” Yet, despite this knowledge, the boy stays where he is rather than going to help a infant in obvious distress and possible danger. But at the same time, its this same infant which prys open the boy’s soul and makes room in his life for more than himself. We see this when he finally returns to the baby in the morning. “He clasped her to him, and fed her, and immediately she began to respond to the food, and his presence, and she changed as he watched her; all the tension eased from her, she nestled into him, and he planned to wash and change her, make her entirely comfortable, right the wrong he had done. “‘I will never leave you alone again, baby,’ he murmured several times, and in his heart he meant it as a promise, and hoped that the baby understood.” Finally, Saxton depicts a vital interdependence between the sexes, in which we raise one another to maturity. To say much more would stray into spoiler territory. Suffice it to say the boy and the baby girl live together in their shopping-mall-as metaphor for many years, with him acting as her protector and teacher. How their relationship changes when the girl reaches maturity will shock the sensibilities of many contemporary readers who insist on interpreting the story literally. But for Saxton it’s all part of the parable. The girl, who has become a young woman, now takes on the role of teacher for the boy, who in large part has remained emotionally stunted. It is she who guides him into what, in her estimation, it means to be a man who is prepared to take on the responsibilities that label implies in the modern society of Saxton’s 1969. Only when they have both been prepared for, and accepted, their roles, does the metaphor around them dissolve and usher them into the adult world waiting to welcome them. This is not a book I would have read if it had not been presented as science fiction. But I’m glad I read it. Some of the ideas seem dated, even antique by today’s standards. Yet Saxton presents a female character stronger than her male counterpart, who eventually rises to the challenge of completing the formation of his character as a responsible adult. Not recommended for someone who is expecting a post-apocalyptic adventure tale, or for anyone shocked by metaphors that come a

About

Living in a science fiction universe... www.thecosmiccodex.com