The Sanna family of Chicago saw the end of the milkman and needed adapt their dairy business for the future. Hello Swiss Miss. Dave Young: Welcome to the Empire Builders Podcast, teaching business owners the not so secret techniques that took famous businesses from mom and pop to major brands. Stephen Semple is a marketing consultant, story collector, and storyteller. I’m Stephen’s sidekick and business partner, Dave Young. Before we get into today’s episode, a word from our sponsor, which is, well, it’s us, but we’re highlighting ads we’ve written and produced for our clients. So here’s one of those. [Seaside Plumbing Ad] Dave Young: Welcome back to the Empire Builders Podcast. I’m Dave Young and Stephen Semple sitting here. And he just told me what the topic is. And it took me back to, gosh, it took me back to my young teens sitting in a ski lodge drinking some hot chocolate. Stephen Semple: There you go. That’s a good one. Dave Young: This was the innovation in hot chocolate, and we’re going to talk about Swiss Miss. Stephen Semple: Yes. Dave Young: All right. And I’m trying to think of when that would’ve come out. Probably, I’m guessing the ’60s, ’70s? Stephen Semple: Yeah, it was ’60s. Dave Young: And it wasn’t long before my mom had a recipe for it would make a giant tub of it. It wasn’t Swiss Miss obviously, but it was like it’s powdered milk and cocoa and whatever else. I would just eat it by the spoonful dry. Stephen Semple: Wow. Really? Okay. There you go. Dave Young: Sure. I was doing those kinds of YouTube challenges before YouTube was around all by myself in my mom’s kitchen. Stephen Semple: Well, Swiss Miss was actually launched in 1961. 1961. It was created by the Sanna family, as you’ll learn in this. And it’s a bit of an interesting story. It’s almost like a seven-act play in terms of- Dave Young: The Sanna Family? Stephen Semple: Sanna family. S-A-N-N-A, Sanna. Dave Young: Sanna. Okay. Stephen Semple: Yeah. And it said it’s a bit of an interesting journey. It’s almost like a seven-act play in terms of the stuff that happened. Dave Young: And I don’t know where this is going. I’m going to throw a weird guess out. Stephen Semple: Okay. Dave Young: One of the things that my mom put in her hot cocoa recipe was a powdered milk. And we used to drink this, a powdered milk called Sanalac. Stephen Semple: You’re right on the money, Dave. Dave Young: Is that right? Okay. Stephen Semple: Yep. Once again, ding, ding, ding. Dave nails it. Dave Young: All right, continue. Stephen Semple: Okay. Well, we’re done. We’re done now. Dave Young: For some reason, I saw it with one N, but yeah, it was weird. There was a period of a couple years where she didn’t buy milk at the store. She bought powdered milk and we had these jugs that had these plungers that stirred it up and we had powdered milk. It was almost like war rations in the ’70s or something. I don’t know why we did it. Stephen Semple: So this is a big part of the story. Now, Swiss Miss was started in ’61. It was sold in 1967 to Beatrice Foods. Now, the price wasn’t disclosed, but it’s estimated it was somewhere in the $10, $12 million range, which is not bad for 1967. Today, they’re owned by Conagra, and it’s estimated that they sell 50 million boxes a year of Swiss Miss hot chocolate, which is pretty- Dave Young: That’s a lot of hot chocolate. Stephen Semple: That’s a lot of hot chocolate. Our story starts with Anthony Sanna, who’s an Italian immigrant in Chicago, who starts Sanna Dairies, which is a milk distribution company. And at the time, milk was a really regular delivery. There was the milkman who came to the neighborhood delivering bottles of milk. Dave Young: Yeah. And we had a milkman. Maybe she didn’t like him and decided, “Sorry, we’re going the powdered route.” I don’t know. I don’t know. Stephen Semple: Interesting. Dave Young: We’ll never know. Stephen Semple: Following World War II, US consumers start going through a large transition. Suburbs, boom, refrigeration in the home becomes common, grocery stores emerge. Guess what? The writing on the wall for home milk delivery is there. Dave Young: The refrigerated section of the grocery store. Yep. Stephen Semple: Right. So Anthony sees this opportunity to create maybe what he should do instead of he’s got to pivot the business away from whole milk delivery to, “I’m going to build a shelf-stable milk product.” Dave Young: Okay. Stephen Semple: So now at the time, powder milk existed and had for generations, but the problem was it wasn’t convenient. It tended to float on the surface, formed like these stubborn lumps. It created a lot of dust. It required really vigorous mixing and it didn’t dissolve well in cold water. So shelf-stable, but not convenient. What Anthony Sanna developed was this milk drying. He did this more of this milk drying that turned it into Sanalac, which is one N. Dave Young: Sanalac. Stephen Semple: Yeah. Dave Young: Oh, is it? Okay. Stephen Semple: Yeah. It’s spelled with one N, but the family name is two Ns. And basically promote it as the first instant dry milk. And the word instant is important here because the milk was very fine, dense particles that when it hit the water, it blended better. Dave Young: I don’t remember there being anything wrong with it. It was like, “Oh, you dump the powder in, you put the water in, and the pitcher, it was a plastic pitcher and it had a plunger agitator thing, and now it’s milk. Have some cereal now.” Stephen Semple: The powdered milk previously was when the water hit the powder, the outside would become wet and sticky, trapping the brown powder inside, so it was all this work to break it down. Dave Young: It’s kind of like stirring up a protein drink today, right? Stephen Semple: Yes. Dave Young: Yeah. Stephen Semple: Yeah. Where the Sanna process from Sanalac produced a powder that was more porous, less dusty, easier to wet, quicker dissolving. Great. Dave Young: Love it. Stephen Semple: So now what you’ve got is this patent that Charles Sanna put together was described as being instantly soluble, free-flowing, relatively dust-free, non-fat, dry milk. So the first act- Dave Young: Put that in a song. Stephen Semple: Exactly. So act one is we basically pivot away from the milkman. Dave Young: Yeah. Stephen Semple: So challenge to the business was milkman’s going away. That’s a powerful idea. Dave Young: Yeah, absolutely. Stephen Semple: Because my business is changing, I pivot. But I didn’t pivot away from the milk business, pivoted away to how the product is done. On its own, we could do a whole podcast on that, but we’re not done yet. So war breaks out with Korea. Korean War breaks out. Dave Young: Gotcha. Stephen Semple: And Charles takes the product and packages it in the small individual packets. Dave Young: Oh, okay. So you could have a cup of milk. Stephen Semple: So now it’s easy to transport and use it. You could have a cup of milk, you could use it as a creamer for coffee, all the other stuff. And he gets a huge contract with the government, but in order to meet the delivery requirements, he has to have a large inventory on hand of the milk powder. Dave Young: All right. Stephen Semple: Korean War ends. What do you do with all the inventory? Dave Young: Oh my gosh. Stephen Semple: So he’s sitting on this massive amount of inventory. So what Charles notices is that there’s a lot of hot chocolate mixes at the time where cocoa and sugar, but required hot milk. Dave Young: You added milk. Yeah, yeah. Stephen Semple: Hot milk, he had to heat up. And as we know, heating up milk, it’s a bit of a pain in the neck because you can get the film on the top. Dave Young: Gotcha. Stephen Semple: It’s one of those things that goes from warm to boiling over instantaneously. It’s crazy. Dave Young: I can’t remember the last time I even tried. Stephen Semple: Right. Well, I’ve done it for some creams, things like that. It’s pain in the neck so, “What if the milk was part of the mix?” He asked himself. So he started experimenting with mixing in cocoa and sugar with his instant milk. Now you have a hot chocolate without heating milk. Dave Young: You could just use hot tap water. Stephen Semple: Exactly. Dave Young: Right? Yeah, a kid can make their own cup of hot chocolate. Stephen Semple: So act one, we make the powder milk. Act two, we put it in packaging. Act three, we now invent hot chocolate.