The Biblical Mind

Center For Hebraic Thought

The Biblical Mind is dedicated to helping its audience understand how the biblical authors thought, promoting Bible fluency through curious, careful reading of Scripture. It is hosted by Dr. Dru Johnson and published by the Center for Hebraic Thought, a hub for research and resources on the intellectual world of the Bible.

  1. 1d ago

    Christian Zionism: A Perspective from Jerusalem (David Pileggi) Ep. #273

    What is Christian Zionism, and how should Christians think about Israel, Palestine, and the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict? In this episode of The Biblical Mind, Dru Johnson speaks with Rev. David Pileggi, rector of Christ Church in Jerusalem’s Old City, who brings 46 years of experience living in Israel to a complex conversation about Zionism, Christian Zionism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and the search for peace. Pileggi explains why Christian Zionism is far more diverse than the term often suggests and challenges simplistic portrayals of both Christian Zionists and their critics. He discusses different forms of Jewish and Palestinian nationalism, the relationship between the State of Israel and Christianity, rising religious extremism, and the changing relationship between Jewish and Christian communities. The conversation also explores how Christians can love and support the Jewish people while honestly confronting Israeli policies, advocate for Palestinians without demonizing Israelis, and pursue reconciliation without reducing the conflict to simple political or theological slogans. Drawing on decades of experience in Jerusalem, Pileggi argues for greater biblical literacy, deeper understanding of Jewish and Palestinian experiences, humility among outsiders, and a willingness to embrace complexity. Ultimately, the episode asks Christians to consider how they can contribute to reconciliation rather than making an already difficult conflict worse.  We are listener supported. Give to the cause here: https://hebraicthought.org/give For more articles: https://thebiblicalmind.org/ Social Links: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HebraicThought Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/hebraicthought Threads: https://www.threads.net/hebraicthought X: https://www.twitter.com/HebraicThought Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/hebraicthought.org Chapters: 00:00 Introduction to Christian Zionisms and Guest Background 02:17 Understanding Zionism: Historical and Modern Perspectives 04:36 Nationalism in Israel and Its Global Contexts 06:55 Palestinian and Islamic Nationalisms Compared 07:06 Living in Jerusalem: Balancing Jewish and Palestinian Identities 08:04 Faith, Politics, and Interfaith Relations in Jerusalem 11:30 Diverse Communities and Models of Reconciliation 17:19 The Changing Dynamics of Jewish Identity and Walls in Jerusalem 23:21 Perceptions of Christianity and the State of Israel 27:43 The Role of Christian Support and Israeli Government Attitudes 35:44 Criticism of Christian Zionism and Its Misconceptions 43:25 A Radical Peace Plan for Israeli-Palestinian Conflict 44:55 The Role of Outsiders and Dialogue in Peacebuilding 55:33 The Future of Jerusalem and Interfaith Cooperation 01:00:28 The Diversity of Christian Zionist Beliefs and Interpretations 01:02:47 The Importance of Nuance and Patience in Understanding the Conflict See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

    Christian Zionism: A Perspective from Jerusalem (David Pileggi) Ep. #273
  2. Oct 1

    Global Bible Translations Now at Our FingerTIPs (Jost Zetzsche) Ep. #272

    What can Bible translations from around the world teach us about Scripture that we might miss in English? In this episode of The Biblical Mind, Dru Johnson talks with Bible translation scholar Dr. Jost Zetzsche about the power of language, translation, and the global Christian community. Zetzsche introduces Translation Insights and Perspectives (TIPs), a free online resource that allows pastors, students, and Bible readers to explore how biblical passages have been translated into hundreds of languages. Rather than treating translation as a necessary compromise, the conversation explores how different languages can reveal unique perspectives on biblical words, concepts, grammar, and meaning. The discussion examines why the Bible is “made to be translated,” how cultural context shapes language, and what sign-language translations can reveal about Jesus and biblical characters. They also explore fascinating examples involving forgiveness, pronouns, John the Baptist, and the meaning of logos in John 1:1. The episode also considers how global Bible translations challenge the assumption that there is always one simple interpretation of a biblical passage, while still affirming that interpretation is grounded in the biblical text. Ultimately, this conversation offers a fresh perspective on Bible translation, biblical interpretation, language, theology, and the global church. Helpful resources: CT article about sign languages https://www.christianitytoday.com/2025/01/sign-language-bible-translations-matthew-15-mark-2/ TIPs - Johns the Baptist: https://tips.translation.bible/tip_verse/matt-412/ TIPs - current lectionary illustrations: https://tips.translation.bible/lectionary/current/ We are listener supported. Give to the cause here: https://hebraicthought.org/give For more articles: https://thebiblicalmind.org/ Social Links: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HebraicThought Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/hebraicthought Threads: https://www.threads.net/hebraicthought X: https://www.twitter.com/HebraicThought Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/hebraicthought.org Chapters: 00:00 Introduction to Bible translation and Jost Zetzsche 02:22 The problem with exclusive reliance on original languages 04:10 The global church and the richness of translation 06:00 Language as a reflection of cultural reality 08:23 The translatability of the Bible and the act of translation 10:38 The significance of making the Bible made to be translated 12:02 The translatability of Jesus and the significance for Christianity 14:06 Translations into media and depictions of Jesus 17:07 Sign language as a rich expressive language 22:17 The expressive power of sign language in biblical stories 28:22 The diversity of sign languages and their biblical translations 35:40 Understanding grammatical nuances and context in translation 42:23 The importance of multiple translations for biblical interpretation 47:10 The significance of different biblical canons and texts 50:41 Using translation data to enrich preaching and teaching 53:20 Practical applications of translation tools in ministry See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

    Global Bible Translations Now at Our FingerTIPs (Jost Zetzsche) Ep. #272
  3. Sep 24

    Michael Heiser, the Divine Council, and the Unseen Realm (Mike Chu) Ep. #271

    This episode explores the life, scholarship, and theological legacy of biblical scholar Michael Heiser, best known for his work on the Divine Council worldview and the biblical unseen realm. Dru Johnson speaks with Mike Chu about Heiser’s academic background, his work with Logos Bible Software, his approach to critical and evangelical biblical scholarship, and the development of AWKNG School. The conversation examines what Heiser meant by the Divine Council worldview and why he believed the biblical authors understood the unseen realm as a genuine reality that interacts with the physical world. Mike Chu explains Heiser’s approach to passages involving the sons of God, Elohim, angels, demons, and the Divine Council, while also discussing how Heiser distinguished careful biblical scholarship from conspiracy theories and speculative interpretations. The episode also considers Heiser’s influence as a teacher and his commitment to helping people ask difficult questions about Scripture. Finally, the discussion turns to theosis, resurrection, Revelation, the new heavens and new earth, and Heiser’s understanding of humanity’s future participation in God’s divine council. The episode offers an accessible introduction to Michael Heiser’s scholarship, theology, and lasting influence on biblical studies. Check out AWKNG courses here: https://awkng.com/ We are listener supported. Give to the cause here: https://hebraicthought.org/give For more articles: https://thebiblicalmind.org/ Social Links: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HebraicThought Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/hebraicthought Threads: https://www.threads.net/hebraicthought X: https://www.twitter.com/HebraicThought Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/hebraicthought.org Chapters: 00:00 Introduction to Michael Heiser and his scholarship 01:51 Heiser's background in Semitic languages and his journey to Logos 03:55 Critical scholarship and evangelical faith in Heiser's work 07:12 The divine counsel worldview explained 10:04 Heiser's move to Florida and the founding of Awakening School 12:01 Heiser's battle with cancer and his final message 15:01 Heiser's personal qualities and impact on students 17:59 Understanding angels and spiritual beings in Scripture 21:03 The significance of the divine counsel for modern believers 24:01 Heiser's nuanced approach to biblical interpretation 26:55 The role of the divine council in eschatology and the future 30:05 Heiser's influence on biblical scholarship and popular theology 35:13 The legacy of Michael Heiser and ongoing influence See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

    Michael Heiser, the Divine Council, and the Unseen Realm (Mike Chu) Ep. #271
  4. Sep 17

    Can You Be Responsible for Someone Else’s Sin? Systemic Sin & the Bible (Andy Everhart) Ep. #270

    What does the Bible say about individual responsibility, corporate responsibility, and systemic sin? Can someone be responsible for wrongdoing they did not personally commit? And how should Christians think about systemic racial injustice, repentance, and reparations? In this episode of the Biblical Mind Podcast, Mike Tolliver speaks with Dr. Andy Everhart about the biblical relationship between individual and communal responsibility. Drawing from examples including Achan, King Josiah, John the Baptist, and Paul’s instructions to the Corinthian church, they explore how Scripture presents sin as something that can affect entire communities—not simply the individual who commits an act. Everhart distinguishes between guilt and responsibility, arguing that people may inherit responsibilities through their relationships and membership in communities without necessarily inheriting guilt for another person’s actions. The conversation applies this framework to contemporary questions surrounding systemic racism and racial injustice, including the responsibilities of people who become members of communities shaped by historical wrongdoing. The discussion also considers the relationship between repentance and reparative action, asking whether genuine repentance requires more than acknowledging wrongdoing and whether repairing damage can be a necessary response to injustice. Ultimately, this episode offers a biblical framework for thinking about sin, community, responsibility, justice, reconciliation, and the ways individual actions can shape—and be shaped by—the communities around us. Link to article mentioned in podcast: "Communal Reconciliation: Corporate Responsibility and Opposition to Systemic Sin" https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ijst.12570 We are listener supported. Give to the cause here: https://hebraicthought.org/give For more articles: https://thebiblicalmind.org/ Social Links: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HebraicThought Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/hebraicthought Threads: https://www.threads.net/hebraicthought X: https://www.twitter.com/HebraicThought Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/hebraicthought.org Chapters: 00:00 Introduction to systemic and individual sin 03:52 Western individualism versus global perspectives on sin 07:59 Biblical examples of corporate and individual responsibility 12:05 Responsibility in the Old Testament: Achan and Josiah 16:54 Responsibility and guilt: Paul and the Corinthian church 21:59 Systemic sin and personal responsibility in modern context 29:51 The role of community in shaping responsibility 40:00 Responsibility and reparative action in racial injustice See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

    Can You Be Responsible for Someone Else’s Sin? Systemic Sin & the Bible (Andy Everhart) Ep. #270
  5. Sep 10

    Christians and Global Conflict: Navigating Faith and War (Austin Knuppe) Ep. #269

    How should Christians think about war, conflict, justice, and peace in a world filled with competing narratives and seemingly endless complexity? In this episode, Dru Johnson talks with peacebuilding practitioner and political scientist Austin Knuppe about how Scripture, intellectual humility, lament, and Christian realism can shape the way Christians respond to global conflict. Knuppe explains why biblical lament can provide an important framework for responding to injustice without demanding simplistic answers to suffering. He also discusses motivated reasoning, confirmation bias, and the danger of reducing complicated conflicts to narratives of obvious heroes and villains. Drawing from his experience in Rwanda, northern Iraq, and the broader field of peacebuilding, Knuppe explores the difficult work of rebuilding social cohesion after violence, including restoring trust, addressing trauma, and pursuing reconciliation. The conversation also examines Israel and Palestine, Gaza, Russia and Ukraine, U.S. foreign policy, restorative justice, international aid, and the limits of applying one peacebuilding model to every conflict. Knuppe argues for intellectual hospitality, careful attention to local voices, and a willingness to say “I don’t know” while still pursuing wise and practical action. For Christians seeking a thoughtful biblical and political perspective on war, peace, justice, reconciliation, and international conflict, this conversation offers a challenging alternative to simplistic answers. Learn more about Dr. Knuppe at his website: https://www.austinknuppe.com/ We are listener supported. Give to the cause here: https://hebraicthought.org/give For more articles: https://thebiblicalmind.org/ Social Links: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HebraicThought Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/hebraicthought Threads: https://www.threads.net/hebraicthought X: https://www.twitter.com/HebraicThought Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/hebraicthought.org Chapters: 00:00 Introduction to Dr. Austin Nuppy and the episode's focus 02:16 The practice of lament and its significance in faith and conflict 03:22 The challenge of seeking certainty in understanding conflicts 04:08 Narratives, motivated reasoning, and their impact on conflict perception 06:25 Approaching conflict with humility and good faith engagement 10:07 Memory, history, and bearing witness in conflict zones 15:03 The importance of wisdom and discernment in justice and peace 21:15 Strategies for peacebuilding and social cohesion in Iraq 24:17 The role of local trust and grassroots initiatives in reconciliation 27:09 Challenges of justice, accountability, and structural constraints 34:30 The complexity of ongoing conflicts and the limits of models 41:34 US foreign policy levers and the Christian approach to peace 52:53 Balancing ground-up and top-down peace strategies 54:54 The limits of idealism and the importance of realism in conflict 55:58 The human cost of aid and the peace industry See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

    Christians and Global Conflict: Navigating Faith and War (Austin Knuppe) Ep. #269
  6. Sep 3

    Israel, Palestine, & Christian Responsibility: Part 2 (Bannoura & Fisk) Ep. #268

    In this episode, Dru Johnson continues a challenging conversation about Israel, Palestine, Gaza, Hamas, Zionism, and Christian Zionism with Bruce N. Fisk and Daniel Bannoura. The discussion examines competing narratives about the history of Israel and Palestine and asks how Christians should think about the ongoing conflict. Fisk and Bannoura critique what they describe as the dominant Israeli and Christian Zionist narratives, particularly their treatment of Palestinian history, the Nakba, the occupation, and Palestinian claims to national identity and self-determination. They also explore how Zionism has developed historically and discuss different forms of Jewish nationalism, including political, cultural, and binational approaches. The conversation then turns to Gaza and Hamas, including questions surrounding violence, collective punishment, international law, and the use of terms such as genocide and apartheid. Bannoura offers a theological and historical analysis of Hamas, acknowledging the problems with its early rhetoric while emphasizing the importance of understanding the political conditions and experiences that contributed to its rise. Finally, Fisk discusses the book Being Christian After the Desolation of Gaza and its call for Christians to move beyond simplistic binaries and engage more seriously with questions of peace, justice, Palestinian rights, Israel, and Christian theology. Dr Bannoura and Dr. Fisk are responding to this episode: https://thebiblicalmind.org/podcast/israel-palestine-conflict-more-complicated-than-you-think/ Buy the book here: https://wipfandstock.com/9798385254859/being-christian-after-the-desolation-of-gaza/  We are listener supported. Give to the cause here: https://hebraicthought.org/give For more articles: https://thebiblicalmind.org/ Social Links: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HebraicThought Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/hebraicthought Threads: https://www.threads.net/hebraicthought X: https://www.twitter.com/HebraicThought Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/hebraicthought.org Chapters: 00:00 Introduction and episode overview 01:12 Bruce Fisk summarizes the Israeli narrative 03:36 Discussion of Gaza and international law 05:01 Reflections on narratives and historical perspectives 07:16 Orientalist discourse and Palestinian history 09:38 The Nakba and Palestinian identity 11:00 Zionism, land, and international law 12:28 Critique of Zionist narratives and bias 15:10 Zionism, transfer, and ethnic cleansing 17:45 International law, UN resolutions, and legal issues 19:02 Netanyahu's Zionism and security focus 20:53 Israeli security fears and victimhood 22:21 The book project and its goals 37:26 Hamas, resistance, and evolution 50:36 The development of Hamas and its political stance 55:42 Militancy, resistance, and historical parallels 01:00:23 The Christian critique of Israel and Palestine 01:02:10 The future of a Jewish state and democratic solutions See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

    Israel, Palestine, & Christian Responsibility: Part 2 (Bannoura & Fisk) Ep. #268
  7. Aug 27

    Masculine Men as Homemakers: From Andrew Tate to Biblical Manhood (Nancy Pearcey) Ep. #267

    What does it mean to be a good man? In this episode, Dru Johnson talks with Professor Nancy Pearcey about masculinity, toxic masculinity, feminism, fatherhood, Christianity, and the cultural forces that have shaped modern ideas about men. Pearcey explains why she wrote her book on masculinity after seeing increasingly hostile portrayals of men in popular culture and explores the deeper history behind these attitudes. Rather than tracing hostility toward men only to second-wave feminism, she argues that its roots extend back to the Industrial Revolution and changing ideas about work, family, masculinity, and human nature. The conversation examines how Darwinism and evolutionary psychology have contributed to negative cultural scripts about male aggression, sexuality, and dominance—and how those ideas can help explain the appeal of figures such as Andrew Tate. Pearcey also discusses research suggesting that Christian men can be loving husbands, engaged fathers, and committed family members. The episode explores the importance of recovering a healthier vision of biblical masculinity centered on responsibility, virtue, service, protection, provision, fatherhood, and family. It also considers how working from home, integrating family and work, and reconnecting fathers with their children could help reshape modern family life. Order Professor Nancy Pearcey's book here: https://bakerpublishinggroup.com/products/9780801075735_the-toxic-war-on-masculinity Professor Nancy Pearcey's website: https://www.nancypearcey.com/ Contact us at The Biblical Mind: Click Here We are listener supported. Give to the cause here: https://thebiblicalmind.org/give/ For more articles: https://thebiblicalmind.org/ Social Links: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HebraicThought Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/hebraicthought Threads: https://www.threads.net/hebraicthought X: https://www.twitter.com/HebraicThought Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/hebraicthought.org Chapters 00:00 — Covenant, new Christians, and the intellectual questions nobody knew how to answer 02:19 — How the conversation will work and why the book matters 04:04 — Why Pearcey wrote the book after seeing anti-male rhetoric everywhere 06:38 — Abuse, feminism, and moving from blame to healing 09:06 — Anti-male language before the 20th century 11:50 — Darwinism, social Darwinism, and the “beast within” script 13:44 — Andrew Tate as a popularizer of older intellectual ideas 16:16 — The universal “three Ps” of masculinity: provide, protect, procreate 18:11 — The difference between the “good man” and the “real man” 21:23 — Why empirical research matters for claims about Christian men 22:21 — What the studies say about evangelical husbands and fathers 25:26 — Why churches often discourage men instead of encouraging them 27:24 — How the Industrial Revolution changed fathers and family life 34:39 — Pandemic remote work and fathers getting closer to their children 36:24 — Work, family, and the real-life benefits of flexibility 40:36 — Men on the daddy track and the cost of choosing family 43:08 — Bringing work home for women and the recovery of integrated family life 47:16 — Millennials and Gen Z want a more integrated life 48:45 — What Pearcey means by secular and how the split developed 50:55 — The historical reversal that made women seem morally superior 53:13 — The double standard in dating and the pressure on women to police men 55:25 — Why the title is controversial and how people misread the book See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

    Masculine Men as Homemakers: From Andrew Tate to Biblical Manhood (Nancy Pearcey) Ep. #267
  8. Aug 20

    Can You Believe & Doubt at the Same Time? Cognitive Science's Take on Faith (Joshua Mugg) Ep. #266

    What does it mean to believe something—and can we genuinely believe while also experiencing doubt? In this episode of the Center for Hebraic Thought and the Biblical Mind Podcast, Mike Tolliver talks with philosopher Dr. Joshua Mugg about his book From Human Reasoning to Belief and his alternative to the influential “dual process” theory of human reasoning. Mugg explains why he rejects the idea that the mind is simply divided between fast, intuitive thinking and slow, rational thinking. Instead, he proposes that human reasoning operates across multiple dimensions, allowing us to adjust how we think, gather evidence, recruit other beliefs, and repeatedly reconsider our conclusions. The conversation then explores how this account of human cognition helps illuminate one of the Bible’s most intriguing statements: “I believe; help my unbelief” in the Gospel of Mark. Mugg’s theory of fragmented belief suggests that people can hold different beliefs within distinct cognitive contexts, helping explain how faith and doubt can coexist. Mike and Josh also discuss anxiety, emotion and reasoning, conspiracy theories, religious belief, deconstruction, Michael Polanyi, Esther Meek, the relationship between faith and certainty, and whether faith will remain in the eschaton. This wide-ranging conversation offers a fresh perspective on belief, doubt, faith, and what it means to know. Buy Dr. Mugg's book here: https://www.routledge.com/From-Human-Reasoning-to-Belief-An-Empirical-Account/Mugg/p/book/9781032736952 Contact us at The Biblical Mind: Click Here We are listener supported. Give to the cause here: https://thebiblicalmind.org/give/ For more articles: https://thebiblicalmind.org/ Social Links: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HebraicThought Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/hebraicthought Threads: https://www.threads.net/hebraicthought X: https://www.twitter.com/HebraicThought Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/hebraicthought.org Chapters: 00:00 Introduction to Dr. Mugg and the focus on belief 01:02 Dr. Mugg's background and academic journey 02:37 From theology to philosophy: questions of knowledge 04:24 Overview of dual process theory in reasoning 05:55 Critique of dual process theory and its messiness 07:41 An alternative to dual process theory: a soundboard model 11:16 Rerunning reasoning in everyday life and decision making 15:50 The biblical story of the father and Jesus' response 19:59 Fragmentation of belief and domain-specific reasoning 24:02 Belief in the context of ancient Israel and religious practices 27:14 Conspiracy theories and reasoning patterns 31:01 The role of emotion in reasoning and belief 33:23 Faith, hope, and love in the eschaton 36:10 Personal journey and influence of Polanyi and Meek 39:33 Christian philosophy and naturalistic methodology 42:58 The relationship between faith and belief in biblical and philosophical context 44:46 Conclusion and future discussions See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

    Can You Believe & Doubt at the Same Time? Cognitive Science's Take on Faith (Joshua Mugg) Ep. #266
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The Biblical Mind is dedicated to helping its audience understand how the biblical authors thought, promoting Bible fluency through curious, careful reading of Scripture. It is hosted by Dr. Dru Johnson and published by the Center for Hebraic Thought, a hub for research and resources on the intellectual world of the Bible.

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