Dr. Paul Sax, author of an annual “Really Rapid Review of the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI),” joins host Eileen Scully to review CROI 2026 abstracts of particular interest to clinicians taking care of patients with HIV. CROI 2026 abstracts: Abstracts are cited within the transcript text and those cited are listed below in numerical order, with the abstract number, authors, and title for each. If you attended CROI 2026, you have access to the abstracts online now through the CROI website; if you were not an attendee, check the CROI website late April/early May for access to the abstracts through the CROI searchable abstract database. Abstract 126. Kapoor, Y. MK-8527 Phase III Dose Selection for Monthly Oral HIV-1 Preexposure Prophylaxis. Abstract 128. Ndlovu, N et al, Twice-Yearly Subcutaneous Lenacapavir for PrEP: Updated HIV-1 Incidence and Safety Data in PURPOSE 1.Abstract 129. Cantos Lucio, VD. Lenacapavir for PrEP: HIV-1 Incidence and Safety From PURPOSE 2 at End of Randomized Blinded Phase.Abstract 134. Edgar, J. Altered Viral Kinetics at ATI After Dual LS-bNAbs Plus ART: A Preliminary Analysis of RIO Arm B.Abstract 140. Pires Dos Santos, AG., Immune-Mediated Viral Control With Budigalimab ± Trosunilimab: First Results of Phase II Global RCT.Abstract 142. Haser, G et al., Hepatitis B Reactivation/Infection in People With HIV on Tenofovir-Sparing Antiretroviral Therapy.Abstract 177. Rockstroh, JK et al., DOR/ISL (100/0.25 mg) vs BIC/FTC/TAF for Initial HIV-1 Therapy: Week 48 Results of a Phase III Study.Abstract 181. Cantos Lucio, VD. Lenacapavir for PrEP: HIV-1 Incidence and Safety From PURPOSE 2 at End of Randomized Blinded Phase.Abstract 529. Spinelli, M. et al, Virologic Outcomes After LA ART Initiation With and Without Viremia in 2 Large US Clinic Cohorts.Abstract 530. Chan, NY, et al. Week-24 Outcomes of Long-Acting Injectable ART in People With HIV and Suboptimal Viral Suppression.Abstract 593. Dieterich, DT et al., HIV-HBV Coinfection and Long-Acting Cabotegravir + Rilpivirine in the US: HBV and HIV Outcomes.513: Meissner, E. et al. Phase III Efficacy and Safety of Switch From B/F/TAF to Single-Tablet BIC/LEN in ARTISTRY-2.197: Seib, KL, Meningococcal B (4CMenB) Vaccination for the Prevention of Gonorrhea in Men Who Have Sex With Men.References Cited: Bekker LG, Das M, Abdool Karim Q, et al; PURPOSE 1 Study Team. Twice-Yearly Lenacapavir or Daily F/TAF for HIV Prevention in Cisgender Women. N Engl J Med. 2024 Oct 3;391(13):1179-1192. Epub 2024 Jul 24. PMID: 39046157.Kelley CF, Acevedo-Quiñones M, Agwu AL, et al; PURPOSE 2 Study Team. Twice-Yearly Lenacapavir for HIV Prevention in Men and Gender-Diverse Persons. N Engl J Med. 2025 Apr 3;392(13):1261-1276. Epub 2024 Nov 27. PMID: 39602624.Ombajo LA, Penner J, Nkuranga J, et al. Second-Line Switch to Dolutegravir for Treatment of HIV Infection. N Engl J Med. 2023 Jun 22;388(25):2349-2359. PMID: 37342923.Paton NI, Musaazi J, Kityo C, et al; NADIA Trial Team. Dolutegravir or Darunavir in Combination with Zidovudine or Tenofovir to Treat HIV. N Engl J Med. 2021 Jul 22;385(4):330-341. PMID: 34289276.Rockstroh JK, Kassim S, Paredes Ret al. Fixed-dose daily doravirine (100 mg) with islatravir (0·25 mg) versus bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide for initial HIV-1 therapy: 48-week results of a phase 3, randomised, controlled, double-blind, non-inferiority trial. Lancet HIV. 2026 Feb 25:S2352-3018(26)00033-0. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 41763226.Severe P, Pierre S, Homeus F, et al. Bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide versus ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy in people with HIV and viral suppression on second-line therapy in Haiti: an open-label, randomised, non-inferiority trial. Lancet HIV. 2025 Sep;12(9):e616-e626. Erratum in: Lancet HIV. 2026 Feb;13(2):e84. Erratum in: Lancet HIV. 2026 Feb 24:S2352-3018(26)00037-8. PMID: 40883049.Resources from Paul E. Sax, MD: NEJM Voices: Really Rapid Review: Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections 2026PaulSaxMD SubstackRelated NYSDOH AIDS Institute Clinical Guidelines: Use of Injectable CAB/RPV LA as Replacement ARTPrEP to Prevent HIV and Promote Sexual HealthPrevention and Management of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Adults With HIVImmunizations for Adults With HIV