Software Engineer Interview Prep Podcast

Prabuddha Ganegoda

Ace your Software Engineer interviews with confidence. This podcast helps you organize your thinking, strengthen problem-solving skills, and prepare effectively for real technical interviews. Topics covered include: Programming (Java & Python) Data Structures & Algorithms System Design AI for Software Engineers Interview strategies & mindset Whether you're targeting Big Tech, startups, or senior engineering roles, each episode helps you think clearly, solve better, and perform at your best.

  1. 4 days ago

    Cracking the Senior System Design Interview: RADIO, NFRs, Scale and CAP

    Senior system design interviews don't test whether you know what a load balancer is. They test how you think under pressure: how you handle ambiguity, weigh brutal trade-offs and defend every box you draw. In this deep dive we unpack the framework used to evaluate senior engineers, architects and principal candidates. You'll learn: - The RADIO framework (Requirements, API, Data model, Infrastructure, Optimize) and how to split your 45 minutes - The one question that instantly signals seniority - REST vs gRPC, API versioning, and why offset pagination breaks at scale - Choosing a database by access pattern, and justifying every component with the NFRs - Why skipping non-functional requirements is the number one reason senior candidates fail - Peak vs average TPS, P99 tail latency, latency budgets, RPO and RTO, and compliance - Sticky sessions, sharding, hot shards, read replicas, CQRS and event streaming - The math of the nines, active-active vs active-passive, circuit breakers, bulkheads and graceful degradation - Exponential backoff with jitter to survive the thundering herd - The CAP theorem, the consistency spectrum, and why banks must choose CP to prevent double spending Chapters 00:00 Introduction 00:49 They test judgement, not definitions 02:22 The roadmap 03:36 The RADIO framework 04:47 Requirements in five minutes 06:00 The seniority signal 06:47 API design and versioning 08:20 Offset vs cursor pagination 09:05 Choosing the data model 10:18 Justifying infrastructure with NFRs 11:28 Network boundaries 11:50 Attacking your own design 12:39 Observability and cost 14:37 The URL shortener trap 15:23 The NFR cheat sheet 15:46 Peak vs average traffic 16:33 Tail latency and fan-out 17:44 Latency budgets 19:16 RPO and RTO 20:02 Compliance: GDPR, PCI DSS, SOX 21:37 Scaling out and sticky sessions 23:13 Sharding and the hot shard 24:49 Cross-shard query trade-offs 25:58 Read replicas and replication lag 27:08 CQRS 28:41 Event streaming and idempotency 31:02 The nines of availability 33:04 Active-active vs active-passive 34:37 Circuit breakers 36:09 Bulkheads 37:18 Graceful degradation 38:26 Thundering herd, backoff and jitter 40:25 The CAP theorem 43:09 The consistency spectrum 45:32 The FinTech exception: double spending 47:05 Why a rejected transaction beats a duplicate 48:13 Recap: every design is a trade-off 49:23 Final thought #SystemDesign #SoftwareEngineering #DistributedSystems #InterviewPrep #TechInterviews #SoftwareArchitecture Interview Prep Podcast

  2. 4 days ago

    Kafka in Production: Failure Scenarios for Staff-Level Interviews

    A single misconfigured setting in Kafka doesn't just slow a page down. It can silently vaporize financial transactions. In this deep dive we walk through real production failure scenarios and the exact reasoning interviewers look for in staff-level system design interviews. You'll learn: - Why acks=1 loses data, and the four configuration layers for zero data loss - Consistency vs availability: why a healthy cluster refuses writes on purpose - Pushing from 400,000 to 2 million events/s with batching, linger.ms and compression - How retries reorder a debit and a credit, and how idempotent producers fix it - Rebalance storms, cooperative sticky assignment and static membership - Hot partitions and the irreducible trade-off between ordering and scale - How deleting and recreating a topic silently skips hours of data - A 3 AM role-play: 85 under-replicated partitions, a disk at 96%, and why you never restart the broker - Exactly-once with Kafka transactions, and exactly-once into PostgreSQL - Tiered retry topics and dead letter queues - Split brain, KRaft quorums and vanishing tombstones - System design at scale: multi-tenant topics, quotas, event-driven sagas and change data capture with Debezium Ideal for backend and platform engineers preparing for senior and staff-level interviews. Chapters 00:00 Distributed systems have no X-ray 01:08 Why Kafka interviews matter 02:19 acks=1 and the 200 missing payments 03:27 Four layers of zero data loss 05:21 The CAP theorem trade-off 06:31 Throughput: taxis vs buses 07:42 batch.size, linger.ms and compression 09:38 When retries reorder messages 11:38 Idempotent producers 12:48 Message keys and partition ordering 13:12 Flash sale: buffer exhausted 14:22 Decoupling with a local buffer and circuit breaker 16:18 Rebalance storms 18:13 Eager vs cooperative sticky rebalancing 19:25 Static group membership 20:12 Hot partitions and the hot key problem 23:18 Silent data loss after recreating a topic 25:20 auto.offset.reset and topic versioning 26:08 3 AM: 85 under-replicated partitions 28:54 Why you never restart the broker 29:42 Disk at 96%: the 15-minute response 31:36 Throttled reassignment, Cruise Control, tiered storage 33:36 Duplicates in consume-transform-produce 34:47 Kafka transactions 37:11 Exactly-once into PostgreSQL 39:56 Head-of-line blocking from retries 41:08 Tiered retry topics and DLQs 42:42 Split brain 44:38 KRaft and quorum math 45:27 Log compaction tombstones 48:33 Multi-tenant topic design 50:07 Tenant tiers and client quotas 51:40 Event-driven sagas 53:15 Compensating transactions 54:51 Change data capture with Debezium 57:13 Recap 58:46 Will offsets still matter in five years? #Kafka #SystemDesign #DistributedSystems #SoftwareEngineering #InterviewPrep #BackendEngineering Interview Prep Podcast

  3. 4 days ago

    How WebSockets Power the Real-Time Web

    Why does a chat message arrive instantly, but the web was never built for it? In this deep dive we unpack WebSockets: how engineers turned a request/response web into an open, two-way line, and what that costs at scale. You'll learn: - Why short polling, long polling and Server-Sent Events fall short (and the math behind 200,000 empty requests per second) - How the WebSocket handshake hides inside a normal HTTP request, and the "cryptographic high-five" that proves the server understood - Why clients mask every frame but servers never do, and the cache-poisoning attack it prevents - Half-open connections, idle timeouts and why heartbeats every 20–30 seconds keep sockets alive - Close code 1006, the "ghost code" every system design candidate should know - The real cost of state: 1 million connections × 20 KB = 20 GB of RAM before a single message - Gateways, pub/sub buses, the thundering herd, and exponential backoff with full jitter - Cross-site WebSocket hijacking, and why tokens never belong in the URL - When NOT to use WebSockets: SSE vs WebSockets vs gRPC - Head-of-line blocking and why QUIC and WebTransport may be next Perfect for software engineers preparing for system design interviews. Chapters 00:00 Intro: the web wasn't built for real time 02:19 Short polling and the 200,000 requests/second problem 03:54 Long polling 04:42 Server-Sent Events 05:31 WebSockets and full-duplex communication 06:19 The handshake: disguised as HTTP 07:55 Sec-WebSocket-Accept: the cryptographic high-five 09:05 Why clients mask frames 09:53 Cache poisoning explained 11:50 Half-open connections 12:38 Idle timeouts at every network hop 13:47 Heartbeats: Ping and Pong 14:36 Close code 1006 15:23 The cost of state 16:57 Scaling with gateways and pub/sub 18:34 The thundering herd 19:46 Exponential backoff with full jitter 20:58 Cross-site WebSocket hijacking 22:32 Ticket-based authentication 23:45 When not to use WebSockets 24:55 The big trade-off: latency vs statefulness 25:43 Head-of-line blocking 26:55 What's next: QUIC and WebTransport #SystemDesign #WebSockets #SoftwareEngineering #InterviewPrep #BackendEngineering Interview Prep Podcast

About

Ace your Software Engineer interviews with confidence. This podcast helps you organize your thinking, strengthen problem-solving skills, and prepare effectively for real technical interviews. Topics covered include: Programming (Java & Python) Data Structures & Algorithms System Design AI for Software Engineers Interview strategies & mindset Whether you're targeting Big Tech, startups, or senior engineering roles, each episode helps you think clearly, solve better, and perform at your best.

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