MedEvidence Articles

MedEvidence Articles
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Welcome to MedEvidence Articles, where we encourage community research and education with weekly articles. Our articles review the history, risks, symptoms, complications, and treatments of diseases with a healthy dose of humor. Visit our website at MedEvidence.com. MedEvidence helps answer the question of “Who can you trust?” for medical information. The MedEvidence platform provides valuable information about many medical issues and the insights of evidence-based medicine. MedEvidence educates audiences through engaging and entertaining magazines, podcasts, videos, articles, and presentations. We strive to bring together diverse voices of top-level medical professionals, researchers, and experts to provide unique and engaging content that uncovers The Truth Behind The Data.

  1. 1d ago

    Why Do Some Vaccines Protect You for Decades While Others Don't?

    In this week's episode, we explore the difference between vaccines that are effective for live and those that must be renewed yearly. The difference is viruses that mutate frequently, like the flu, and those that don't, like measles. We explore the mechanism that makes some viruses better at evading our immune system and the  tradeoff between high infection rate and high infection efficacy. References: Frank SA, Bush RM. Barriers to antigenic escape by pathogens: trade-off between reproductive rate and antigenic mutability. BMC evolutionary biology. 2007 Nov 15;7(1):229. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-7-229Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About estimated flu burden. CDC. February 25, 2026. Accessed July 14, 2026. https://www.cdc.gov/flu-burden/php/about/index.htmlRodpothong P, Auewarakul P. Viral evolution and transmission effectiveness. World journal of virology. 2012 Oct 12;1(5):131. Share with a friend. Rate, Review, and Subscribe to MedEvidence! Articles to be notified when new episodes are released. Follow us on Social Media: Facebook Instagram Twitter LinkedIn Tiktok Youtube For more great content, including discussions by physicians and clinical research experts, check out the MedEvidence! Podcast and MedEvidence.com Thank you for listening!

  2. Aug 4

    An Unfiltered Look at X-Linked Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (NDI)

    In this week's episode, we explore a rare genetic disorder that results in excessive urination. X-Linked Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (NDI) is a disease where sufferers produce excessive amounts of urine, causing dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and other issues. We explore what causes this disease, why it results in so much extra urine production, and what treatments are available and coming down the pipeline. References: Wesche D, Deen PM, Knoers NV. Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: the current state of affairs. Pediatric nephrology. 2012 Dec;27(12):2183-204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-012-2118-8Klein JD, Wang Y, Blount MA, Molina PA, LaRocque LM, Ruiz JA, Sands JM. Metformin, an AMPK activator, stimulates the phosphorylation of aquaporin 2 and urea transporter A1 in inner medullary collecting ducts. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology. 2016 May 15;310(10):F1008-12. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00102.2016National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Diabetes insipidus [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; [updated 2025 Oct 3; cited 2026 Jul 17]. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/diabetes-insipidusMarieb EN, Hoehn K. The urinary system. Human anatomy & physiology. [11th Edition]. [Hoboken, New Jersey]: Pearson; [2019]. p. 974–1011.Bichet, D.G. and Bockenhauer, D., 2016. Genetic forms of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI): Vasopressin receptor defect (X-linked) and aquaporin defect (autosomal recessive and dominant). Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 30(2), pp.263-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2016.02.010Knoers N, Lemmink H.Hereditary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. In: Adam MP, Bick S, Mirzaa GM, et al., editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2026 [updated 2020 Feb 27]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1177/Perrine AL, Reechaye D, Banerjee I, Robinson J, Banerjee I. Paradoxical Anti-diuretic Effects of Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics in Diabetes Insipidus: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2025 Apr 14;17(4). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.82247Share with a friend. Rate, Review, and Subscribe to MedEvidence! Articles to be notified when new episodes are released. Follow us on Social Media: Facebook Instagram Twitter LinkedIn Tiktok Youtube For more great content, including discussions by physicians and clinical research experts, check out the MedEvidence! Podcast and MedEvidence.com Thank you for listening!

  3. Jul 27

    How Excess Body Fat Affects Blood Sugar Control

    In this week's episode, written by guest author Daniel Benton, we examine the link between obesity and diabetes. We look at the underlying biological mechanisms that link the two conditions, why each can exacerbate the other, and what medications are available and on the horizon to help mange the linked conditions. References: Klein S, Gastaldelli A, Yki-Järvinen H, Scherer PE. Why Does Obesity Cause Diabetes? Cell Metabolism [Internet]. 2022 Jan 4 [cited 2026 July 6];34(1):11–20. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8740746/Halberg N, Khan T, Trujillo ME, Wernstedt-Asterholm I, Attie AD, Sherwani S, Wang ZV, Landskroner-Eiger S, Dineen S, Magalang UJ, Brekken RA. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α induces fibrosis and insulin resistance in white adipose tissue. Molecular and cellular biology. 2009 Aug 1;29(16):4467-83. https://doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00192-09Crewe C, An YA, Scherer PE. The ominous triad of adipose tissue dysfunction: inflammation, fibrosis, and impaired angiogenesis. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2017 Jan 3;127(1):74–82. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI88883Straub LG, Scherer PE. Metabolic messengers: adiponectin. Nature metabolism. 2019 Mar;1(3):334-9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-019-0041-zPetersen MC, Shulman GI. Mechanisms of insulin action and insulin resistance. Physiological Reviews. 2018 Aug 1;98(4):2133–223. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00063.2017Lv Z, Guo Y. Metformin and its benefits for various diseases. Frontiers in Endocrinology [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2026 July 7];11(191). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7212476/Costello RA, Shivkumar A, Nicolas S. Sulfonylureas [Internet]. PubMed. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 [cited 2026 July 7]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513225/Andreasen CR, Andersen A, Knop FK, Vilsbøll T. How glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists work. Endocrine Connections [Internet]. 2021 July 17 [cited 2026 July 6];10(7):R200–12. Available from: https://ec.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/ec/10/7/EC-21-0130.xmlSeino Y, Fukushima M, Yabe D. GIP and GLP-1, the two incretin hormones: Similarities and differences. Journal of Diabetes Investigation [Internet]. 2010 Feb [cited 2026 July 6];1(1–2):8–23. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4020673/Hayes MR, Borner T, De Jonghe BC. The Role of GIP in the Regulation of GLP-1 Satiety and Nausea. Diabetes [Internet]. 2021 Sept 1 [cited 2026 July 6];70(9):1956–61. Available from: https://diabetesjournals-org.translate.goog/diabetes/article/70/9/1956/137765/The-Role-of-GIP-in-the-Regulation-of-GLP-1-Satiety?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=pt&_x_tr_hl=pt-BR&_x_tr_pto=wappAl-Massadi O, Fernø J, Diéguez C, Nogueiras R, Quiñones M. Glucagon Control on Food Intake and Energy Balance. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019 Aug 11;20(16):3905. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20163905Muhammad T, Pastore SF, Good K, Yu WH, Vincent JB. The role of amylin, a gut–brain axis hormone, in metabolic and neurological disorders. FASEB BioAdvances. 2025 Jan 20;. https://doi.org/10.1096/fba.2024-00151Share with a friend. Rate, Review, and Subscribe to MedEvidence! Articles to be notified when new episodes are released. Follow us on Social Media: Facebook Instagram Twitter LinkedIn Tiktok Youtube For more great content, including discussions by physicians and clinical research experts, check out the MedEvidence! Podcast and MedEvidence.com Thank you for listening!

  4. Jul 20

    Improving Your Health One Step At A Time

    In this week's episode, we explore what might be the oldest exercise: walking. We look at the effectiveness of walking in preventing heart disease and stroke, diabetes, and other conditions, explore why it's so effective, and look at how to get the most out of your walking routine; including when to walk and if walking faster really makes a difference. References: Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1· 9 million participants. The lancet global health. 2018 Oct 1;6(10):e1077-86.Ungvari Z, Fazekas-Pongor V, Csiszar A, Kunutsor SK. The multifaceted benefits of walking for healthy aging: from Blue Zones to molecular mechanisms. Geroscience. 2023 Dec;45(6):3211-39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-023-00873-8Sung K, Bae S. Effects of a regular walking exercise program on behavioral and biochemical aspects in elderly people with type II diabetes. Nursing & health sciences. 2012 Dec;14(4):438-45.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2018.2012.00690.xManson JE, Greenland P, LaCroix AZ, Stefanick ML, Mouton CP, Oberman A, Perri MG, Sheps DS, Pettinger MB, Siscovick DS. Walking compared with vigorous exercise for the prevention of cardiovascular events in women. New England journal of medicine. 2002 Sep 5;347(10):716-25. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa021067Reynolds AN, Mann JI, Williams S, Venn BJ. Advice to walk after meals is more effective for lowering postprandial glycaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus than advice that does not specify timing: a randomised crossover study. Diabetologia. 2016 Dec;59(12):2572-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-016-4085-2Suntornlohanakul O, Areevut C, Saetung S, Ingsathit A, Rattarasarn C. Glycemic effect of post-meal walking compared to one prandial insulin injection in type 2 diabetic patients treated with basal insulin: A randomized controlled cross-over study. PLoS One. 2020 Apr 1;15(4):e0230554. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230554Morita E, Yokoyama H, Imai D, Takeda R, Ota A, Kawai E, Hisada T, Emoto M, Suzuki Y, Okazaki K. Aerobic exercise training with brisk walking increases intestinal bacteroides in healthy elderly women. Nutrients. 2019 Apr 17;11(4):868. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040868Banach M, Lewek J, Surma S, Penson PE, Sahebkar A, Martin SS, Bajraktari G, Henein MY, Reiner Ž, Bielecka-Dąbrowa A, Bytyçi I. The association between daily step count and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a meta-analysis. European journal of preventive cardiology. 2023 Dec;30(18):1975-85. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwad229Stens NA, Bakker EA, Mañas A, Buffart LM, Ortega FB, Lee DC, Thompson PD, Thijssen DH, Eijsvogels TM. Relationship of daily step counts to all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2023 Oct 10;82(15):1483-94. https://www.jacc.org/doi/full/10.1016/j.jacc.2023.07.029Manfredini F, D'arrigo G, Lamberti N, Torino C, Tripepi G, Mallamaci F, Zoccali C. The legacy effect of a home walking exercise programme in kidney failure patients on dialysis. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 2022 Oct;37(10):1974-81. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfac147Kelly P, Williamson C, Niven AG, Hunter R, Mutrie N, Richards J. Walking on sunshine: scoping review of the evidence for walking and mental health. British journal of sports medicine. 2018 Jun 1;52(12):800-6.Bisson AN, Robinson SA, Lachman ME. Walk to a better night of sleep: testing the relationship between physical activity and sleep. Sleep health. 2019 Oct 1;5(5):487-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2019.06.003Sng E, Frith E, Loprinzi PD. Temporal effects of acute walking exercise on learning and memory function. American Journal of Health Promotion. 2018 Sep;32(7):1518-25. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890117117749476Nakagawa T, Koan I, Chen C, Matsubara T, Hagiwara K, Lei H, Hirotsu M, Yamagata H, Nakagawa S. Regular moderate-to vigorous-intensity physical activity rather than walking is associated with enhanced cognitive functions and mental health in young adults. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2020 Jan;17(2):614. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020614Vanti C, Andreatta S, Borghi S, Guccione AA, Pillastrini P, Bertozzi L. The effectiveness of walking versus exercise on pain and function in chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Disability and rehabilitation. 2019 Mar 13;41(6):622-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2017.1410730Share with a friend. Rate, Review, and Subscribe to MedEvidence! Articles to be notified when new episodes are released. Follow us on Social Media: Facebook Instagram Twitter LinkedIn Tiktok Youtube For more great content, including discussions by physicians and clinical research experts, check out the MedEvidence! Podcast and MedEvidence.com Thank you for listening!

  5. Jul 13

    Why Do Weight Loss Trials See Success in the Placebo Group?

    In this week's episode, we examine a little-known benefit of being in weight loss trials: the placebo effect. We look at data showing that most people lose weight in weight loss trials, even those who take no active medication, and explore how being on a placebo can improve markers of health. This helps underscore the importance of staying in clinical trials all the way to the end. Share with a friend. Rate, Review, and Subscribe to MedEvidence! Articles to be notified when new episodes are released. Follow us on Social Media: Facebook Instagram Twitter LinkedIn Tiktok Youtube For more great content, including discussions by physicians and clinical research experts, check out the MedEvidence! Podcast and MedEvidence.com Thank you for listening!

  6. Jul 6

    Diving Into The Psychology of Picky Eating May Reveal ARFID

    On this week's episode, we look at a disease commonly confused for normal "picky eating," Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder. This disorder, which is driven by fear, disgust, sensory sensitivity, and/or a lack of appetite, leads to malnutrition and vitamin deficiency - especially in children. We look at what this disorder is and isn't, variants, some of the possible underlying causes, complications, and available therapies. References: Houston JR. The recreational and economic value of Florida beaches. Shore & Beach. 2024;92(3):43.Florida Museum of Natural History. Yearly worldwide shark attack summary [Internet]. Gainesville (FL): Florida Museum of Natural History; 2026 Feb 17 [cited 2026 Jun 30]. Available from: https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/shark-attacks/yearly-worldwide-summary/.National Safety Council. Historical car crash deaths and rates [Internet]. Itasca (IL): National Safety Council; 2025 May 11 [cited 2026 Jun 30]. Available from: https://injuryfacts.nsc.org/motor-vehicle/historical-fatality-trends/deaths-and-rates/.Thomas JJ, Lawson EA, Micali N, Misra M, Deckersbach T, Eddy KT. Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: a three-dimensional model of neurobiology with implications for etiology and treatment. Current psychiatry reports. 2017 Aug;19(8):54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-017-0795-5Sah P, Westbrook RF. The circuit of fear. Nature. 2008 Jul 31;454(7204):589-90. https://www.nature.com/articles/454589aMoreau CA, Ayrolles A, Ching CR, Bonicel R, Mathieu A, Stordeur C, El Khantour C, Bergeret P, Traut N, Tran L, Germanaud D. Neuroimaging insights into brain mechanisms of early-onset restrictive eating disorders. Nature Mental Health. 2025 Jul;3(7):780-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44220-025-00447-xSchneider E, Schmidt R, Cryan JF, Hilbert A. A Role for the Microbiota‐Gut‐Brain Axis in Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder: A New Conceptual Model. International Journal of Eating Disorders. 2024 Dec;57(12):2321-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.24326American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). 2013 May. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596Shimshoni Y, Silverman WK, Lebowitz ER. SPACE‐ARFID: A pilot trial of a novel parent‐based treatment for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. International Journal of Eating Disorders. 2020 Oct;53(10):1623-35. Share with a friend. Rate, Review, and Subscribe to MedEvidence! Articles to be notified when new episodes are released. Follow us on Social Media: Facebook Instagram Twitter LinkedIn Tiktok Youtube For more great content, including discussions by physicians and clinical research experts, check out the MedEvidence! Podcast and MedEvidence.com Thank you for listening!

  7. Jun 29

    Winning the Cup by Silencing Food Noise

    On this week's episode, we explore the concept to "Food Noise." Food noise is excessive, intrusive, constant thoughts about food that disrupt social, mental, and physical life - including by eating excessive calories. References: Belson, K. NFL games, commercials and the Super Bowl. New York Times [Internet]. 2025 Feb 8 [cited 2026 Jun 23]. Available from: https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/08/business/nfl-games-commercials-super-bowl.html.Dhurandhar EJ, Maki KC, Dhurandhar NV, Kyle TK, Yurkow S, Hawkins MA, Agley J, Ho EH, Cheskin LJ, Sørensen TI, Wang XR. Food noise: definition, measurement, and future research directions. Nutrition & diabetes. 2025 Jul 8;15(1):30. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41387-025-00382-xHayashi D, Edwards C, Emond JA, Gilbert-Diamond D, Butt M, Rigby A, Masterson TD. What is food noise? A conceptual model of food cue reactivity. Nutrients. 2023 Nov 17;15(22):4809. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/22/4809 Share with a friend. Rate, Review, and Subscribe to MedEvidence! Articles to be notified when new episodes are released. Follow us on Social Media: Facebook Instagram Twitter LinkedIn Tiktok Youtube For more great content, including discussions by physicians and clinical research experts, check out the MedEvidence! Podcast and MedEvidence.com Thank you for listening!

  8. Jun 16

    Cochlear Synaptopathy: The “Hidden” Form of Hearing Loss

    In this episode, we’re talking about cochlear synaptopathy, also known as “hidden hearing loss,” a lesser-known form of hearing damage that can make understanding speech difficult even when standard hearing tests appear normal.  References: Ponsot E. Unraveling hidden hearing loss. Elife. 2024 Dec 5;13:e104936. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.104936Haile LM, Kamenov K, Briant PS, Orji AU, Steinmetz JD, Abdoli A, Abdollahi M, Abu-Gharbieh E, Afshin A, Ahmed H, Rashid TA. Hearing loss prevalence and years lived with disability, 1990–2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet. 2021 Mar 13;397(10278):996-1009. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00516-XLivingston G, Huntley J, Liu KY, Costafreda SG, Selbæk G, Alladi S, Ames D, Banerjee S, Burns A, Brayne C, Fox NC. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet standing Commission. The lancet. 2024 Aug 10;404(10452):572-628.Liu H, Wang L, Su W, Xie XQ. Advances in recent patent and clinical trial drug development for Alzheimer’s disease. Pharmaceutical patent analyst. 2014 Jul 1;3(4):429-47. https://doi.org/10.4155/ppa.14.22Liberman MC, Kujawa SG. Cochlear synaptopathy in acquired sensorineural hearing loss: Manifestations and mechanisms. Hearing research. 2017 Jun 1;349:138-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2017.01.003Bramhall N, Beach EF, Epp B, Le Prell CG, Lopez-Poveda EA, Plack CJ, Schaette R, Verhulst S, Canlon B. The search for noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy in humans: Mission impossible?. Hearing research. 2019 Jun 1;377:88-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2019.02.016Share with a friend. Rate, Review, and Subscribe to MedEvidence! Articles to be notified when new episodes are released. Follow us on Social Media: Facebook Instagram Twitter LinkedIn Tiktok Youtube For more great content, including discussions by physicians and clinical research experts, check out the MedEvidence! Podcast and MedEvidence.com Thank you for listening!

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Welcome to MedEvidence Articles, where we encourage community research and education with weekly articles. Our articles review the history, risks, symptoms, complications, and treatments of diseases with a healthy dose of humor. Visit our website at MedEvidence.com. MedEvidence helps answer the question of “Who can you trust?” for medical information. The MedEvidence platform provides valuable information about many medical issues and the insights of evidence-based medicine. MedEvidence educates audiences through engaging and entertaining magazines, podcasts, videos, articles, and presentations. We strive to bring together diverse voices of top-level medical professionals, researchers, and experts to provide unique and engaging content that uncovers The Truth Behind The Data.

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    MedEvidence Articles
  • Years Active
    2024 - 2026
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