本期我们将探讨何为历史的真相，或者真相的前历史。相关诗歌文本《学者和他的白猫》在31集中（该集包含包老师清唱版白猫之诗！欢迎补课）Pangur Ban是古爱尔兰语文学中第一只有名字的猫。 本期主播：包慧怡、桑阳（Luca） 制作人：张泽熙 Veritas: the Roman goddesss of Truth 修昔底德 Thucydides (c. 460 – c. 400 BC) was an Athenian historian and general. His History of the Peloponnesian War recounts the fifth-century BC war between Sparta and Athens until the year 411 BC. Thucydides has been dubbed the father of "scientific history" by those who accept his claims to have applied strict standards of impartiality and evidence-gathering and analysis of cause and effect, without reference to intervention by the gods, as outlined in his introduction to his work. (wikipedia) Clio, Muse of History [1800] by Charles Meynier [1768–1832] History 词源: late 14c., historie, "relation of incidents" (true or false), from Old French estoire, estorie "story; chronicle, history" (12c., Modern French histoire), from Latin historia"narrative of past events, account, tale, story," from Greek historia "a learning or knowing by inquiry; an account of one's inquiries; knowledge, account, historical account, record, narrative." This, along with verb historein "be witness or expert; give testimony, recount; find out, search, inquire," are derivatives of histōr "knowing, expert; witness" (as in hyperhistor "knowing all too well"), reconstructed to be from PIE wid-tor-, from root weid- "to see," hence "to know" [Watkins]. Thus it is related etymologically to Greek idein "to see," eidenai "to know," and to idea and vision. (source: https://www.etymonline.com/word/historian) 包老师的猫“潘谷白”： 潘谷白在书封上（包老师自绘） 北外图书馆47种表达“图书馆”的多语种幕墙（谁能最快找到爱尔兰语？）： Placiti Cassinesi The Placiti Cassinesi are four official juridical documents written between 960 and 963 in southern Italy, regarding disputes over several lands among three Benedictine monasteries and some local landowners. They are considered the first extant documents written in a Romance vernacular of Italy, along with the Veronese Riddle and the Commodilla catacomb inscription. Umbrian is an extinct Italic language formerly spoken by the Umbri in the ancient Italian region of Umbria. Within the Italic languages, it is closely related to the Oscan group and is therefore associated with it in the group of Osco-Umbrian languages, a term generally replaced by Sabellic in modern scholarship. Since that classification was first formulated, several other languages from ancient Italy have been discovered to be more closely related to Umbrian. Therefore, a group, the Umbrian languages, was devised to contain them. 彩蛋：本期背景音乐为Brian Boru's March, by Loreena McKennitt； The Harp of Brian Boru (Brian Bóruma mac Cennétig; modern Irish: Brian Bóramha; c. 941 – 23 April 1014) was the High King of Ireland from 1002 to 1014. He ended the domination of the High Kingship of Ireland by the Uí Néill. His harp (replica) is still in Trinity College Dublin along with the Book of Kells. 在小宇宙查看该单集文稿
