Unchecked: The architecture of disinformation

Curious Squid

Misinformation and disinformation thrive in today’s technology landscape, and arguably present the greatest threat to modern society. Information architecture – the practice of designing and managing digital spaces – has an opportunity to intervene. This podcast looks at disinformation from an information architecture perspective, and considers ways to expand the practice of IA to address this new reality.  •••  What is Information Architecture? Information architecture is the practice of designing virtual structures – the shape and form of online spaces and digital products. When you click on a navigation menu or follow the steps in a process, you're experiencing the information architecture of a web site or digital product.  •••  What is disinformation? Understanding disinformation is the purpose of this podcast. We are trying to figure out exactly what it is and what it means. If information architecture is the practice of designing virtual spaces, then disinformation is something that can occupy that space to disrupt the user's experience. Alternatively, it is a way of manipulating the space (like flooding it with irrelevant facts) to achieve an end unrelated to the space's original intention.

  1. Episode 12: Disinformation and community moderation, with Karen McGrane

    5D AGO

    Episode 12: Disinformation and community moderation, with Karen McGrane

    Send us Fan Mail Synopsis Karen McGrane joins Rachel and Dan to explain Reddit from the perspective of a moderator. Reddit is the largest message board on the internet, with thousands of “sub-Reddits” – individual communities based on a topic. Karen moderates the community dedicated to UX Design, which gets hundreds of new posts every week. Rachel and Dan then explore two Lenses: Swarm and Curation Escape. Stories "About this Account" on X/Twitter Renee Diresta’s SubstackBig Tobacco Tobacco industry playbook (Wikipedia)Disinformation playbook (Union of Concerned Scientists) Interview with Karen McGrane Karen McGrane/r/UXDesign subreddit Lenses Curation Escape So much of our experience online is curated by algorithms. A set of rules – not chosen by you – governs what bubbles up into your feed. This set of rules is at the heart of most modern information systems, and can be responsible for perpetuating misinformation. They pose a disinformation risk by people who manipulate the algorithm. How does the system allow users to escape the curation?What role does algorithmic curation play in the system’s experience?How does the system allow users to tailor the curation algorithm? Swarm Participants in online spaces can exhibit swarming behavior, gathering and moving as if one. Swarming groups end up performing a variety of functions – both desirable and undesirable – in an online information space. They can enforce social norms, or alienate other participants. Likewise, they can squash misinformation, or cause it to perpetuate. How does the system react to swarm behavior? How does the system benefit from swarm behavior?How might swarming cause harm? Come see us at Information Architecture Conference (IAC26) Register for IACUse discount code unchecked for $50 off base admission_____________________________________________________ Personnel Dan Brown, HostRachel Price, HostEmily Duncan, EditorMusic Turtle Up Fool, by Elliot_____________________________________________________ Unchecked is a production of Curious Squid Curious Squid is a digital design consulting firm specializing in information architecture, user experience, and product design

    52 min
  2. Episode 11: Disinformation and abortion, with Dr. Ushma Upadhyay

    FEB 14

    Episode 11: Disinformation and abortion, with Dr. Ushma Upadhyay

    Send a text SYNOPSIS Speaking to Dr. Ushma Upadhyay, Rachel and Dan dig into misinformation about abortion – who gets them, why they get them, and how they get them. You may be surprised by some of the answers. Dr. Upadhyay describes her research around abortion safety and abortion via telehealth. Rachel proposes the lens “Retraction” and Dan leans on an old favorite, “Personas”. STORIES OF DISINFORMATION Y2K hype The end of the world in TimeY2K Panic in Popular MechanicsFraud in Minnesota: A misinformation perfect storm Dave Weigel’s post on BlueSky   INTERVIEW  Dr. Ushma Upadhyay FDA directed to review the safety of mifepristoneMifepristone in the water LENSES ⇒ Persona Everyone makes assumptions about who participates, contributes to, or benefits from a system. Those assumptions are rarely challenged, and therefore become the source of or impetus for misinformation. This lens suggests unpacking assumptions is a crucial step in understanding the system. What are your assumptions about who is engaged with your system?What are your preconceived notions about who is involved?When you use labels to describe your users, does everyone agree on what those labels mean?⇒ Retraction Publishing in formal and professional venues includes the capability to correct or retract information published there. This is a crucial part of the process, as new information can change understanding. Moreover, mistakes and misinformation need to be marked as such. This lens invites you to look at the way in which your system supports retraction. What are the system’s built-in mechanisms that allow users to retract information?How is retracted information treated differently in the system?How does the system invite users to challenge information to kick off a retraction process? CONFERENCE DISCOUNT CODE Join us at the Information Architecture Conference in Philadelphia in April Use discount code UNCHECKED to get $50 the base conference fee _____________________________________________________ Personnel Dan Brown, HostRachel Price, HostEmily Duncan, EditorMusic Turtle Up Fool, by Elliot_____________________________________________________ Unchecked is a production of Curious Squid Curious Squid is a digital design consulting firm specializing in information architecture, user experience, and product design

    1h 1m
  3. Episode 10: Disinformation and nutrition, with Dr. Amelia Finaret

    JAN 9

    Episode 10: Disinformation and nutrition, with Dr. Amelia Finaret

    Send a text Synopsis For the 10th episode of Unchecked, Rachel and Dan talk to Dr. Amelia B. Finaret, food economist and clinical dietitian about the state of nutrition misinformation. With the release of the latest dietary guidelines – some of which are not founded on sound nutrition science – we take a look at both the classic and newer myths around food. Dan uses the discussion to arrive at the lens of Making Hot Dogs and Rachel applies Diet Culture to our work as UX designers. Stories Robert Caro on Robert Moses Northern State Parkway (see section on 1929 compromise)AI-Generated Disinformation in Europe Report for October 2025Interview with Amelia Finaret Amelia FinaretDr. Finaret’s book, Food EconomicsMyPlate.gov (today)MyPlate.gov (from Archive.org, at the time of recording)Dietary Guidelines published by US GovernmentHealthy Hunger Free Kids ActWhat to Eat Now, by Marion NestleAcademy of Nutrition and DieteticsAmerican Diabetes Association recipesLenses Diet Culture How does the system send signals about the user's "goodness" based on what they are consuming or acting on?How does the system reward “good” behavior and penalize “bad” behavior? How does the system decide what is good or bad? Who gets to make that decision, whose world view is reflected in that framework?Making Hot Dogs How does the system process original source material? What role does it play in the "supply chain" of information?How recognizable is the original source material in the system’s content?_____________________________________________________ Personnel Dan Brown, HostRachel Price, HostEmily Duncan, EditorMusic Turtle Up Fool, by Elliot_____________________________________________________ Unchecked is a production of Curious Squid Curious Squid is a digital design consulting firm specializing in information architecture, user experience, and product design

    54 min
  4. Episode 9: Disinformation and climate change, with Zanagee Artis

    12/17/2025

    Episode 9: Disinformation and climate change, with Zanagee Artis

    Send a text SYNOPSIS Zanagee Artis, a climate advocate and educator with Natural Resources Defense Council, joins Rachel and Dan to talk about disinformation in arctic and coastal drilling. Zanagee describes the challenges of addressing disinformation when the time horizons of climate research spans decades. Inspired by this discussion, Rachel coins the lens of Time Feel. Dan, impressed by efforts to close the physical distance between policymakers and drilling in the arctic, suggests the lens of Distance. STORIES OF DISINFORMATION White House destruction photo Katie Harbath’s SubstackBlack Death poem Centuries of Black Death misinformation started with a poem INTERVIEW WITH ZANAGEE ARTIS Zanagee ArtisA Kids Book About Climate ChangeKimberly Miner’s study on alaskan arctic impactsGwich’in people of AlaskaIñupiat people of AlaskaCoastal Plain Caribou AlaskaTaylor Oil SpillRadioactive waste water from frackingOil and gas sponsoring community and social programs LENSES Distance The gap between a personal context and the context of the information creates an opportunity for misinformation. (e.g. global warming isn't real when it's snowing in my town). How does the system help users bridge the gap between their personal context and other contexts?How is the information contained in the system distanced from the person consuming it? How does the system close the gap?How much does the system expect users to close the gap between themselves and the information?Time Feel In music, time feel is how the musician interprets time while playing. More than rhythm or beat, it’s how the music creates a feeling of time passing.  How does the system treat the passage of time?How does the system handle time horizons and the differing perceptions of speed?How does this thing support or not support the potential variations in time?What role does urgency play in the system?_____________________________________________________ Personnel Dan Brown, HostRachel Price, HostEmily Duncan, EditorMusic Turtle Up Fool, by Elliot_____________________________________________________ Unchecked is a production of Curious Squid Curious Squid is a digital design consulting firm specializing in information architecture, user experience, and product design

    50 min
  5. Episode 8: Disinformation and gun violence, with Nick Suplina

    11/13/2025

    Episode 8: Disinformation and gun violence, with Nick Suplina

    Send a text CONTENT WARNING This episode of Unchecked deals with the sensitive topic of gun violence. SYNOPSIS Nick Suplina, Senior VP for Law & Policy at Everytown for Gun Safety joins Rachel and Dan to talk about the long-standing and persistent disinformation campaign by the gun lobby. Nick highlights the main messages and techniques in use, and we explore the challenges of celebrating prevention. Rachel describes the Lens of Despair and Dan digs into the Lens of Status Quo. STORIES OF DISINFORMATION Did moldy bread cause the Salem witch trials? Debunking the moldy bread theory (Salem Witch Museum)Pushing back against disinformation George Stephanopolous cuts off the VP (Rolling Stone)Airports refuse political video at TSA checkpoint (CNN) INTERVIEW WITH NICK SUPLINA Everytown for Gun SafetyAbout Red Flag laws (Everytown)Colorado’s new assault weapons ban (CBS News)2022 Safer Communities Act (Wikipedia) LENSES Lens of Despair How does the system alleviate or exacerbate or manipulate the feeling that nothing can be improved?How does the system create a sense of hope?How does the system intentionally give agency to its users?Lens of Status Quo What role does status quo play in this domain? What is this system’s role relative to the status quo?How does the system discourage users from questioning the status quo? _____________________________________________________ Personnel Dan Brown, HostRachel Price, HostEmily Duncan, EditorMusic Turtle Up Fool, by Elliot_____________________________________________________ Unchecked is a production of Curious Squid Curious Squid is a digital design consulting firm specializing in information architecture, user experience, and product design

    1h 4m
  6. Episode 7: Disinformation and climate culture, with Brandon Schauer

    10/15/2025

    Episode 7: Disinformation and climate culture, with Brandon Schauer

    Send a text SYNOPSIS Brandon Schauer from Rare, a conservation nonprofit, talks to Rachel and Dan about ways to modify behavior to help save the planet. Climate change and its solutions are often too big for an individual person to connect with, so Brandon has developed strategies to meet people where they are. These strategies short-circuit climate misinformation altogether. STORIES Banana propaganda Annalee Newitz’s book Stories Are Weapons The 1954 Guatemalan Coup (Wikipedia)NPS, the continuing saga National Park signage encourages the public to help erase negative stories at its sitesNational Parks Are Told to Delete Content That ‘Disparages Americans’This Is What Censorship Looks Like in a National Park: The First Park Sign That Came DownPark Service Is Ordered to Take Down Some Materials on Slavery and TribesTrump moves to scrub national parks sites of signs that cast America in a 'negative light'INTERVIEW Entities responsible for greenhouse gas emissions: By Country; 57 companies responsible for 80% of emissionsBiden cites Will & Grace in endorsement of same-sex marriagePrimetime in a warming worldHyperobjects is a term coined by British philosopher Timothy Morton in their book The Ecological ThoughtLENSES Social Awareness Everyone can be part of a solution to large problems, and the ecosystem can help users understand how they may be connected to others. How does your system help people understand they are not alone?How does your system prioritize meaningful connection over gamified social metrics?Hyperobjects Based on the concept from Timothy Morton, hyperobjects are concepts that are so big they are difficult for people to understand them fully. Information ecosystems may be connected to or related to hyperobjects, introducing specific challenges. How does the structure of your system help users focus on the most relevant part of a large problem space?How does the structure of your system r_____________________________________________________ Personnel Dan Brown, HostRachel Price, HostEmily Duncan, EditorMusic Turtle Up Fool, by Elliot_____________________________________________________ Unchecked is a production of Curious Squid Curious Squid is a digital design consulting firm specializing in information architecture, user experience, and product design

    56 min
  7. Episode 6: Disinformation and its consequences, with Prof. Claire Wardle

    09/12/2025

    Episode 6: Disinformation and its consequences, with Prof. Claire Wardle

    Send a text SYNOPSIS Dr. Claire Wardle is a disinformation expert and communications professor at Cornell University. She joins Rachel and Dan to talk about the history of disinformation study, how new technology introduces new challenges, and about how the information ecosystem might change in the future. She offers insights into the psychology of disinformation. From the conversation, Rachel elaborates on the lens of Friction, and Dan talks about a lens he can only call “Middle of the night.”  STORIES OF DISINFORMATION The Propaganda of Hearst and Pulitzer The Spanish American War and the Yellow Press (Library of Congress)The Gilded Age (Wikipedia)Bedlam and Squalor and Worse, Oh My Transcript of August 11 press conference (Roll Call)Trump exaggerates DC crime while ordering police take-over and National Guard deployment (Politifact)Trump’s DOJ claims credit for falling crime rate in DC (Justice.gov)INTERVIEW Dr. Claire WardleAustralian drama series about the wellness industry: Apple Cider VinegarJim Acosta “interviews” LLM based on Parkland shooting victimDr. Noc, social media science influencer, who may not be scruffy enough to be believedLENSES Friction For designers, "friction" represents how much the experience intrudes on consuming information or completing tasks. Experiences increase the intrusion to discourage destructive actions (like deleting important information). Additionally, it is often said that lies are “low friction” and truth is “high friction”. That is, understanding and internalizing a lie is less cognitive demanding than doing so with the truth.  How does the system use friction to engage users’ critical thinking skills? How does the system reduce the friction on high quality information?How does the system titrate the amount of friction in the experience relative to the quality of information?Middle of the night Users are most susceptible to disinformation when they are at their most vulnerable, like in the middle of the night with a health scare. How does the system support users who are agitated and vulnerable?How does the format of the information take into account a user who is agitated or vulnerable?How would the system fare if it catered to someone using it in an extreme scenario tha_____________________________________________________ Personnel Dan Brown, HostRachel Price, HostEmily Duncan, EditorMusic Turtle Up Fool, by Elliot_____________________________________________________ Unchecked is a production of Curious Squid Curious Squid is a digital design consulting firm specializing in information architecture, user experience, and product design

    57 min
  8. Episode 5: Disinformation and cognitive bias, with David Dylan Thomas

    08/15/2025

    Episode 5: Disinformation and cognitive bias, with David Dylan Thomas

    Send a text SYNOPSIS David Dylan Thomas joins Rachel and Dan to talk about cognitive biases. David explains the fundamental attribution error, the framing effect, and the confirmation bias. All of these contribute to a skewed perception in which a person’s misconceptions about the world can be reinforced or exploited. The conversation leads Rachel to suggest the lens of manipulation and Dan the lens of belonging. + + + STORIES OF DISINFORMATION Mary Toft Dan quotes from Mary Toft; or the Rabbit Queen, by Dexter PalmerThe true story of Mary Toft, 18th century medical hoaxer (wikipedia)AI Policy Directive to remove AI Safety from agreement on cooperative research  and development agreement (Wired)News story about executive order on woke AI (Wall Street Journal)The executive order to “prevent woke AI” (Whitehouse.gov)+ + + INTERVIEW WITH DAVID DYLAN THOMAS David Dylan ThomasDesign for Cognitive BiasThe Cognitive Bias PodcastStory from The Hill about Facebook algorithmWhite Meat, the movie+ + + LENSES Manipulation Content can manipulate a person’s hope and joy, and anger and fear, triggering a physiological reaction. But the content of a system is not solely responsible for this effect on users. What role does the ecosystem play in framing and presenting information in a way to garner an emotional response?How might someone use the system to elicit a powerful emotion?What emotions is the system trying to exploit?How does the system measure and/or classify information based on its level of physiological activation?Belonging The intent of disinformation is often to make someone feel like they belong to a community. What role does belonging play in the system?What aspects of the system (labeling, categorization) create a sense of belonging?How does the system take advantage of a person belonging to it?How does the system model users as information objects?What is the emotional component of the relationships represented in the information space?_____________________________________________________ Personnel Dan Brown, HostRachel Price, HostEmily Duncan, EditorMusic Turtle Up Fool, by Elliot_____________________________________________________ Unchecked is a production of Curious Squid Curious Squid is a digital design consulting firm specializing in information architecture, user experience, and product design

    1 hr
4.9
out of 5
14 Ratings

About

Misinformation and disinformation thrive in today’s technology landscape, and arguably present the greatest threat to modern society. Information architecture – the practice of designing and managing digital spaces – has an opportunity to intervene. This podcast looks at disinformation from an information architecture perspective, and considers ways to expand the practice of IA to address this new reality.  •••  What is Information Architecture? Information architecture is the practice of designing virtual structures – the shape and form of online spaces and digital products. When you click on a navigation menu or follow the steps in a process, you're experiencing the information architecture of a web site or digital product.  •••  What is disinformation? Understanding disinformation is the purpose of this podcast. We are trying to figure out exactly what it is and what it means. If information architecture is the practice of designing virtual spaces, then disinformation is something that can occupy that space to disrupt the user's experience. Alternatively, it is a way of manipulating the space (like flooding it with irrelevant facts) to achieve an end unrelated to the space's original intention.

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