If I say “miracle drug” what comes to mind for you? If your head hasn’t been under a rock the last few years, my guess is you will immediately think of GLP-1s, the most popular of which is semaglutide, sold under the brand names Ozempic and Wegovy. According to google search volumes, “Ozempic” first outpaced “Adderall” in early 2023, and has stayed above ever since. (I mention Adderall because it is a widely popular, often off-label, drug intended to treat a health condition predominantly moderated in the brain, similar to Ozempic.) This is in stark contrast to bariatric surgery, the only other approved medical treatment that reliably causes its users to lose as much weight as a GLP-1, which hasn’t budged in popularity over this time. In fact, we can see the trend-behind-the-trend when we look at a few other related search terms: weight loss and fat. One thing that is extremely interesting to me is how, despite Ozempic entering mainstream consciousness around 2023, it took until 2026 for searches for weight loss or fat to start spiking. In fact, searches for weight loss rose nearly 40% between its relatively stable pre-2026 baseline and its new 2026 norm. This, along with some fascinating anecdotes from some friends and some seriously questionable Instagram ads, got me wondering what exactly is the Ozempic Effect? Is it really a Miracle drug, as all of the headlines are claiming? How does it even work in our body? Turns out, the answers to these questions are far stranger, more nuanced, and more interesting than I could have ever anticipated. Tune in to find out! XOXO,Jackie PS - obligatory “tell us what you think!” request, “share with friends!” request, and “we love you, thank you for listening!” comment. But seriously - if you have any thoughts, please let us know! Resource List I once again bit off more than I should have chewed with this topic, hence why the works cited is so long. But hopefully my excessive researching can be your easy guide to learning more! Related podcast episodes * Our previous episode on dating apps, where we introduce the concept of stock buybacks: Why does Dating Suck So Much? * Our previous episode on diamond engagement rings, where we talk about the idea of interpreting people’s decisions in the context they are living in: The Secret History of the Diamond Engagement Ring * While we are at it, I am apparently on a kick of episodes that point out the financial incentives for businesses trying to sell you fixes to our modern society: here’s our previous episode on The Booming Business of Fertility Preservation * The Journal podcast episode that discusses hair loss drugs making people sick: A Quick Fix for Hair Loss Is Making Some Men Sick * Huberman Lab podcast episode with a very thorough overview of hunger, satiety, and GLP-1 science: The Science of Hunger & Medications to Combat Obesity | Dr. Zachary Knight * Diabolical Lies covered “pretty privilege” in a paywalled podcast ep; if you want to explore this topic and are willing to pay, I highly recommend this analysis of why someone would want to lose weight in the first place (and how marketing distorts the picture): How ‘The Botox Psyop’ Broke Our Brains in the Name of Beauty Info about obesity and diabetes * Obesity is measured via BMI, which is calculated as weight (kg) ÷ height (m²). For an average-height woman (5’4”), she is obese (BMI 30+) when she weighs 175lb, and she is severely obese at 233lb (BMI 40+). * Many doctors hold strong negative attitudes towards people with obesity, supporting Zoe’s point that we need to start treating weight like it’s just one medical fact in a suite of facts relevant to someone’s health, and not like it’s the Most Important Fact. To learn more about this stigma, this meta analysis is helpful: Impact of weight bias and stigma on quality of care and outcomes for patients with obesity - PMC * Causes: * (PDF) Altered Hypothalamic functional connectivity in adolescents with severe obesity * Genes and obesity | CDC * Causes of obesity: a review - ScienceDirect * Demographics: * Obesity and Severe Obesity Prevalence in Adults: United States, August 2021–August 2023 * Regional disparities in type 2 diabetes prevalence and associated risk factors in the United States * Health impacts: * Consequences of Obesity - CDC * The important role of comorbidities in the management of obesity - PMC * Obese people often suffer from malnutrition: Malnutrition in Obesity: Is It Possible? About appetite and how GLP-1s relate: * Can GLP-1 Be a Target for Reward System Related Disorders? A Qualitative Synthesis and Systematic Review Analysis of Studies on Palatable Food, Drugs of Abuse, and Alcohol - PMC Info about weight loss * Long-term weight loss maintenance, article in AJCN * Weight Maintenance after Dietary Weight Loss: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Effectiveness of Behavioural Intensive Intervention About GLP-1 drugs (how they work in the body and mind) * Five things to know about GLP-1s and addiction by Stanford Medicine * Ozempic Quiets Food Noise in the Brain—But How? | Scientific American * Psychiatric effects of GLP‐1 receptor agonists: A systematic review of emerging evidence - PMC * Side effects: Semaglutide: Double-edged Sword with Risks and Benefits - PMC * A new era of weight loss: Mental health effects of GLP-1 drugs * The STEP 1 trial for semaglutide, which is the source of the 15% body weight loss stat: Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity | New England Journal of Medicine * Performing strength activities in addition to being on a GLP-1 reduces the muscle and bone loss: Bone Health After Exercise Alone, GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Treatment, or Combination Treatment: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial * Hubermann Lab podcast episode with a very thorough overview of hunger, satiety, and GLP-1 science: The Science of Hunger & Medications to Combat Obesity | Dr. Zachary Knight Demographics of users and and cost info about GLP-1s * New Weight Loss Drugs: GLP-1 Agonist Use and Side Effects in the United States | RAND * Poll: 1 in 8 Adults Say They Are Currently Taking a GLP-1 Drug for Weight Loss, Diabetes or Another Condition, Even as Half Say the Drugs Are Difficult to Afford | KFF * Costly GLP-1 Drugs are Rarely Covered for Weight Loss by Marketplace Plans | KFF * The GLP-1 Access Gap: Mapping Who Can Actually Afford America’s Miracle Weight-Loss Drugs | The Health Management Academy * Related: demographic data for depression prevalence and treatment Disparity in Depression Treatment among Racial and Ethnic Minority Populations in the United States - PMC The insane $ that GLP-1 manufacturers are making (and spending) * The Heavy Price of GLP-1 Drugs: How Financialization Drives Pharmaceutical Patent Abuse and Health Inequities for GLP-1 Therapies * Novo’s Wegovy and Ozempic US advertising spend doubles rival Eli Lilly, data shows | Reuters * Novo Nordisk sues Eli Lilly, alleging misleading GLP-1 advertising Should health insurers cover GLP-1s? * Fiscal Impact of Expanded Medicare Coverage for GLP-1 Receptor Agonists to Treat Obesity - PMC: This is the article that claims Medicare coverage for GLP-1 drugs would net increase $47.7 billion in spending over 10 years. * A Value-Based Price for Anti-Obesity Medications - July 17, 2025 - USC Schaeffer: This is the article that claims that Medicare coverage would save $245 billion over 10 years if they covered GLP-1s What happens when you stop taking GLP-1s? * Does Stopping Ozempic Cause Rebound Weight Gain and Health Problems? | Scientific American * Related: how to wean off of antidepressants: Discontinuation of antidepressants after remission with antidepressant medication in major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC Get full access to AfterMASH at aftermash.substack.com/subscribe