Principal Matters: The School Leader's Podcast with William D. Parker

Principal Matters: The School Leader's Podcast with William D. Parker

With William D. Parker and Friends

  1. 2d ago

    Lessons from Beekeeping with Dr. Fernando Branch – PMP514

    A Quick Note to Listeners: Before this week’s interview, Will Parker and Jen Schwanke take some time to answer a listener question. This week’s question is: I’ve joined a new team and I want to build trust without coming across as too eager to be accepted, if that makes sense. What’s the balanced way to do this? Listen in to hear their response! Meet Dr. Fernando Branch: Dr. Fernando Branch is the principal of Robert F. Smith STEAM Academy in Denver, Colorado, where he leads innovative work focused on culture, instruction, and college- and career-ready pathways. With more than 25 years in education, he is a nationally recognized turnaround leader who has helped transform schools across multiple states by rebuilding systems and strengthening school culture.  His work emphasizes social-emotional learning, trauma-informed practices, and a whole child to whole family approach to education. In addition to his leadership in schools, Fernando is an author, consultant, and passionate beekeeper, often drawing powerful leadership lessons from the work of building and sustaining thriving hives. Leadership Begins with Mindset and People: Dr. Branch explains that meaningful change begins with the right mindset and people. He emphasizes servant leadership as a foundation, where educators see their work as a mission rather than a job. Alongside this is a commitment to relentless relationship-building, which he describes as essential for trust, collaboration, and long-term success. He also highlights the importance of team design, describing his staff as a puzzle of diverse strengths that, when aligned, create a powerful and unified force for student success. Vision and Conviction Drive Change: At the core of turnaround leadership, Dr. Branch stresses the importance of clarity and conviction. Leaders must establish a clear and compelling vision, communicate it consistently, and take full ownership of outcomes. Most importantly, they must hold unwavering expectations. As he puts it, “The bar is the bar.” He challenges leaders to reject limiting beliefs and instead operate with the mindset that every student is capable of excellence, reminding us that “There are footprints on the moon—who are we to limit what students can achieve?” From Whole Child to Whole Family: One of the most impactful shifts in his work has been moving from a focus on the whole child to a broader whole family model. Dr. Branch explains that many students are not dealing with isolated trauma, but rather ongoing and generational challenges. Because of this, schools must extend their reach beyond the classroom by building partnerships with community organizations and offering supports such as financial literacy workshops, mental health resources, and career exposure opportunities. This approach strengthens not only students but entire families and communities. Expanding Perspective Through Global Experiences: A bold and innovative part of his leadership includes ensuring students gain global exposure. Dr. Branch has made it a priority for students to obtain passports and travel internationally, believing that exposure builds perspective and possibility. These experiences help students see themselves as global citizens and reshape how they view their futures. The impact has extended beyond students, as families themselves have begun engaging in travel and new opportunities as a result. Trauma-Informed Leadership Must Be Intentional: He also challenges traditional approaches to social-emotional learning, emphasizing that trauma-informed leadership must be intentional and ongoing. One-time professional development is not enough; schools must build consistent systems that support both students and educators. Dr. Branch reminds listeners that trauma affects entire communities, and effective leadership requires a commitment to both teaching and healing. Beekeeping and Leadership Lessons: Drawing from his experience as a beekeeper, Dr. Branch offers a powerful metaphor for leadership. A hive thrives only when conditions are carefully monitored, threats are addressed, and every part of the system works together. The beekeeper must be observant, patient, and intentional. In the same way, school leaders must nurture environments where people can succeed. As he explains, “If the hive isn’t functioning… it won’t produce a good harvest.” This analogy highlights the importance of protecting and cultivating the systems that drive success. The Power of Time and Purpose: He closes with a reflection on time and purpose, sharing a quote that has guided him since he was 18. “Every moment matters, and leadership is ultimately about how we choose to use the time we’re given.” By showing up fully for students, staff, and communities, leaders have the power to change lives in meaningful and lasting ways. Staying Connected: If you would like to learn more about Dr. Fernando Branch, you can email him or visit any of the channels listed below: LinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/dr-fernando-branch-5763928 Nonprofit: https://www.cmocc.org/about-us.html Email: fernandobranch@gmail.com CMOCC email: fbranch@cmocc.org The post Lessons from Beekeeping with Dr. Fernando Branch – PMP514 appeared first on Principal Matters.

  2. 4d ago

    MONDAY MATTERS with Jen Schwanke and Will Parker – Weather vs. Climate

    This week on Monday Matters, Will Parker and Jen Schwanke discuss a recent newsletter from Jen, “Weather vs. Climate”. Jen starts out the episode recounting a time that she got caught in an unexpected storm while on a run. She then goes on to talk about how sometimes unexpected storms pop up in leadership. Leaders don’t always know when people are going to push back against a decision, or when there’s going to be a lot of deep emotions. When this happens, it’s like a storm flaring up out of nowhere, but a storm is not indicative of the overall climate of a school.  Climate is what happens regularly at a school, it’s persistent and systematic. Shaping a school climate so that it can weather a storm is important, but we often rob our climates of the thing that is going to protect them during severe weather. Will asks listeners: “If we know crazy weather is going to happen eventually, how do we shape our climate to lower the stress of intense storms?”.  Jen also shares four questions to ask yourselves when a storm rolls into a school: Is this pushback a sign that the work is wrong or is this just a natural symptom of change? If I adjust this strategy, am I doing it because I want to improve its impact, or am I just trying to avoid the storm? Six months from now, will I even remember this storm? Six months from now, if I hold this line, will I see a lasting, positive impact for our students?  Listen in for more takeaways! And, as always, thank you for doing what matters! The post MONDAY MATTERS with Jen Schwanke and Will Parker – Weather vs. Climate appeared first on Principal Matters.

  3. Aug 12

    Cornerstones of Effective Schools with Dr. Darin Thompson – PMP513

    A Quick Note to Listeners: Before this week’s interview, Will Parker and Jen Schwanke take some time to answer a listener question. This week’s question is: I’m wanting to intentionally develop leaders on my team. Ideas or suggestions? Listen in to hear their repsonse! Meet Dr. Darin Thompson: Darin A. Thompson, PhD, is a veteran K–12 leader from Fairfax, Virginia, with nearly 20 years of experience and the founder of Pivotal Leaders Group. A two-time Outstanding Principal of the Year semi-finalist within his region, Dr. Thompson has led transformative school improvement efforts across multiple school divisions, resulting in double-digit gains in student outcomes and significant reductions in achievement gaps for historically underserved populations. A regular presenter at conferences such as NAESP/NASSP’s United Conference, Making Schools Work, and the Virginia Alliance of Black School Educators, Dr. Thompson has contributed to Education Week, the Journal of Urban Learning, Teaching, and Research, and other publications. He is the author of The Four Cornerstones of Effective Schools, published by Solution Tree, and a proud member of Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc. Effective Schools & the Four Cornerstones: Dr. Thompson’s framework centers on the belief that effective schools are built through intentional systems, not isolated initiatives. In The Four Cornerstones of Effective Schools, he outlines how culture, collaboration, and aligned structures work together to support improvement. Rather than chasing new programs, leaders are encouraged to focus on building systems that consistently reinforce high-quality teaching and learning. Dr. Thompson’s Educational Journey: Dr. Thompson shares that his path into education was anything but traditional. Initially interested in careers in law and financial planning, he discovered his passion for teaching and was later encouraged by a principal to step into leadership. That encouragement set him on a path that would eventually lead to the principalship and beyond, shaping his belief that leadership development often begins with someone recognizing potential in others. The Pivotal Leader Mindset: A key takeaway from the conversation is the importance of developing a “pivotal leader mindset.” Dr. Thompson explains that school improvement begins with how leaders think. Growth-oriented beliefs, combined with a willingness to examine one’s own assumptions, allow leaders to better navigate complex challenges. Without this mindset, even the best strategies can fall short. Limiting Beliefs in Leadership: As the discussion continues, Dr. Thompson highlights how limiting beliefs can quietly undermine progress. Under pressure, leaders may begin to question their own effectiveness or doubt the capabilities of their staff. He emphasizes the importance of confronting these beliefs with evidence and shifting the focus toward building skills and capacity. When leaders change how they think, they change how they lead. School Culture & Staff Support: The conversation reinforces that strong culture is foundational to any improvement effort. Dr. Thompson describes common barriers such as complacency, isolation, and command-and-control leadership, all of which can limit progress. He stresses that support must come before accountability—teachers need clarity, resources, and encouragement before they can be expected to perform at high levels. Diagnosing the Cultural Landscape: Before implementing change, Dr. Thompson encourages leaders to pause and assess their current environment. He introduces three essential elements for a culture of support: clarity, trust, and readiness. Clarity ensures everyone understands the vision, trust builds confidence in leadership, and readiness equips staff with the skills needed to succeed. Skipping this diagnostic step often leads to frustration and failed initiatives. Building Instructional Capacity: Improving instruction requires more than one-time professional development. Dr. Thompson shares strategies for building capacity over time, including job-embedded learning, teacher-led sessions, and consistent feedback. He describes practical approaches like teacher-led “egg camps,” where educators share effective practices based on real classroom data, creating relevance and ownership in the learning process. PLCs & Collaboration: Professional Learning Communities play a critical role in sustaining improvement. Dr. Thompson explains that effective PLCs go beyond logistics and focus on meaningful collaboration around instruction and student outcomes. While resistance is common at first, establishing clear expectations and purpose helps shift teams toward deeper engagement and shared responsibility. Systems for Sustainable Improvement: Throughout the conversation, Dr. Thompson returns to the importance of systems. Strong systems act as guardrails, helping leaders stay focused on priorities and avoid reactive decision-making. By aligning systems with the school’s vision, leaders create consistency and momentum, allowing improvement efforts to take root and grow over time. Leadership & Well-Being: The episode concludes with an encouraging message for leaders. Dr. Thompson reminds listeners that meaningful school improvement is possible without burnout. By focusing on systems, maintaining clarity, and prioritizing the right work, leaders can create lasting impact while also sustaining their own well-being. His message is both practical and hopeful—offering a clear path forward for those committed to leading effective schools. Staying Connected: You can stay connected with Dr. Thompson’s work via the following channels: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/drdarinthompson/ Solution Tree contact: https://www.solutiontree.com/darin-a-thompson.html Visit Darin’s website, www.DrDarinThompson.com Follow Darin on Youtube @drdarinthompson Follow Darin on Instagram @drdarinthompson Find Dr. Thompson’s new book, The Four Cornerstones of Effective Schools, here: https://www.solutiontree.com/four-cornerstones-of-effective-schools.html The post Cornerstones of Effective Schools with Dr. Darin Thompson – PMP513 appeared first on Principal Matters.

  4. Aug 5

    PMP512: Forgiveness Looking Like Nachos  with Dr. Will Darter

    A Quick Note to Listeners: Before this week’s interview, Will Parker and Jen Schwanke take some time to answer a listener question. This week’s question is: How can I set the tone on Day #1? Listen in to hear their response! Meet Will Darter: Dr. Will Darter is a rural school superintendent, author, presenter, speaker, and national advocate for small school leadership. He is the host of the Rural Education Leaders Podcast that elevates and celebrates rural voices and focuses on impact for leaders. Will is the author of The Empowered Rural Education Leader, where he champions the belief that big things come from small schools. Will’s transformative leadership and service have had him recognized as the Emerging Superintendent by the Southwest Missouri Association of School Administrators, a Leader of Impact in Small Schools by the National Association of School Superintendents, and a member of the Springfield Business Journal’s 2026 40 Under 40 Class for his leadership, service, and impact in education. Will is passionate about equipping leaders with practical systems, clear vision, and a deep commitment to service. Through his writing, speaking, and podcasting, he empowers educators to build strong cultures, steward resources wisely, and create lasting impact in the communities they serve. Let’s Get Into the Episode: In this episode, hosted by Dr. Jen Schwanke, we challenge the “bigger is better” narrative that often dominates educational conversations. While urban and suburban districts frequently capture the national spotlight, the heart of American education beats strongly in its rural communities. My guest today, Dr. Will Darter, joins us to share his unique journey from a childhood in Orange County, California, to the rural heartland of Missouri, where he now serves as a dedicated administrator and advocate for small schools. We discuss the challenges and value of tight-knit communities, the shift from a “scarcity mindset” to one of stewardship, and why the most impactful leadership isn’t about a ladder of status, but about climbing a “wall of significance.” Significance Over Status: Rural leadership offers a unique level of visibility and impact. In a small district, leaders can’t hide; success is measured not by “flashy” facilities, but by the faithfulness of service and the depth of connection to every student and staff member. The “Speedboat” Analogy: Unlike large “cruise ship” districts that take a long time to turn, small schools function like speedboats. With a clear, written plan and a driven team, rural leaders can implement change and see the direct impact of their vision almost immediately. Stewardship vs. Scarcity: Rather than focusing on what they lack compared to suburban and urban districts, rural leaders are best served by focusing on the resources they do have. This includes building local partnerships where the community and students work together to improve their own schools. Connection as the Antidote to Burnout: Rural administration can feel like an island, but isolation is often self-imposed. Dr. Darter emphasizes that “connection beats burnout” and advocates for maintaining a tight inner circle of mentors and peers to sustain long-term passion for the work. Staying Connected: If you would like to learn more about Will Darter, follow any of these links below: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/will-darter/ Website: www.ruraleducationleaders.com Podcast: https://open.spotify.com/show/7ujMABwGv0f1wWphLlBpVj YouTube: https://youtu.be/8UDuM-eKFAo Book: https://a.co/d/0dn7kAZD The post PMP512: Forgiveness Looking Like Nachos  with Dr. Will Darter appeared first on Principal Matters.

  5. Aug 3

    MONDAY MATTERS with Jen Schwanke and Will Parker – First Day of School Reminders

    First Days of School Reminders William D. Parker This post is reprinted from an archived one we shared in 2019. Jenny is a returning student at her high school. She has a part-time job, which keeps her up late most nights. When she arrives late to school, she has already missed breakfast, and she’s tardy. She stands in a long line at the counseling office until she is given her class schedule. She reads it quickly: First hour, Mr. Samuels, room 125, Algebra II. She doesn’t recognize the name. Maybe he’s one of the new teachers. She heads down the hall. She’s flush with frustration but holds her head high, turns the corner, and steps into the classroom. She finds an open seat in the back of the room. As she glances around the room, she does not see the teacher’s name anywhere. By this time, she’s too embarrassed to ask, and the teacher is so involved in his first-day-of-school speech that he hasn’t paused to ask Jenny for her name or schedule or given her any other leads. As he talks on, she realizes this is Language Arts, not a math class. She must have entered the wrong room or misread her schedule. Jenny endures the discomfort for the remaining minutes. Then she rushes from the class as quickly as possible, frustrated and hoping the rest of her first day of school is not this confusing. Keeping Students in Mind As important as it is to keep your responsibilities in mind as you start a new school year, it is even more important to keep the end goal in mind: serving students. You have students returning from all kinds of backgrounds and experiences. You also serve teachers, staff, and parents with questions and concerns. How can you be ready for all of them? Questions Every Student Is Asking on the First Day As you know, how we prepare for students can either help or hurt their first-day experiences. Harry Wong, author of The First Days of School: How to Be an Effective Teacher, reminds us of seven questions every student asks about his or her teachers: Am I in the right room? Where am I supposed to sit? Who is the teacher as a person? Will the teacher treat me as a human being? What are the rules in this classroom? What will I be doing this year? How will I be graded? Questions Every Teacher and Staff Person Asks on the First Day But students aren’t the only ones who need clarity. Your teachers and staff also want answers to some questions that only school leaders can answer. So, I’ve rewritten Harry Wong’s questions to reflect what your teachers and staff will be asking: What is my schedule? What extra duties, assignments, or activities might I expect? Who is my administrator as a person? Will he or she treat me as a human being? What are the expectations, procedures, and policies in our school? What am I expected to accomplish this year? How will I be evaluated, mentored, graded, or coached? Tips for School Leaders Preparing for School With those thoughts in mind, in this week’s Principal Matters podcast, co-host Jen Schwanke and I share six ideas to keep in mind when preparing for the start of school. Listen to the podcast version for even more stories and takeaways. 1. Build and Rebuild Relationships As teachers, staff, or parents return to your building, how are you reconnecting with them? Whether it’s hearing about summer trips, family updates, or meaningful moments in their lives, these conversations are important for building trust. They also open questions your teammates may have that are important for you to answer before school begins. 2. Use Technology and Social Media Jen likes to schedule several reminders to her community through social media that she posts throughout the summer. Whether you are using your school website, school-wide communication apps, or social media, share important announcements and reminders several times throughout the summer to set expectations for the new school year. 3. Organize and Manage—Remember Everything! Obviously, no system is perfect, but as you move into a school year, it is important to keep a list of to-dos for your team and yourself. One way to do this is to maintain a list as you start the year that you can use again the following year or years. Go through last year’s calendar to see if you’re missing anything. Rely on a team—secretaries, assistants, and lead teachers—who can help you stay on track. 4. Define Responsibilities Sometimes principals have well-defined expectations for teachers but forget about non-instructional staff. Consider working with each staff member on well-defined key responsibility areas. You can learn more and see samples in previous posts. With teachers and staff, don’t be afraid to say what is expected and provide it in writing. 5. Manage High Anxiety Everyone is anxious, in good or bad ways, about the start of school. They are looking to the principal to set the tone. Manage the high anxiety by demonstrating a sense of calm and reassurance. One way to do this is by including celebration in your welcome back. Provide lunch, give them a gift, communicate positivity, and reassure them again and again that it will be a great year and all will be well. 6. Host Orientation Meetings New teachers, returning teachers, new students, returning students, and new parents—you will have several groups who need to be welcomed in orientation meetings. Each group will have different needs, but the goals are the same: communicate expectations, be positive, and be available to answer questions. Additional Checklists for the School Leader’s First Days of School Here are some additional questions to ask as you start the school year: Have you posted “Welcome Back” signage? Have you included maps of your school for new students? Is signage clear and visible throughout the building? Have you shared master schedules in advance with teachers? What are your established arrival and departure routines? Did you update and plan for consistently implemented policies and procedures? Have parents and students been invited to an orientation or open house before school? Is your school website updated with current calendars, a welcome-back message for parents, and key information they should know? Have you updated and shared duty rosters, activities, and/or game calendars for teachers? Does your own calendar include dates for state reports, observations, evaluations, and team meetings? Let’s Wrap This Up Think through your school-wide processes from the fresh perspective of a student, parent, or teacher, and then decide what steps to take moving forward so that everyone in your school or organization has clarity on what to expect. Most importantly, remember that creating the best “first days” for students and staff also means realizing your school members need many of these questions answered every day. The post MONDAY MATTERS with Jen Schwanke and Will Parker – First Day of School Reminders appeared first on Principal Matters.

  6. Jul 29

    PMP511: Creating a Greenhouse Culture with Mike Hayes & Ashley Pacholewski

    A Quick Note to Listeners: Before this week’s interview, Will Parker takes some time to ask Jen Schwanke about recording an audio book version of her book, You’re the Principal Now What? Here is a link to purchase the book! https://www.echopointbooks.com/cart/add/?id=45972673560749&quantity=1 Use code PRINCIPAL30 for a 30% discount!  Follow this 30-second demo to learn how to use the code.  Bulk pricing is available too! Contact sales@echopointbooks.com for special bulk pricing to gift this resource to your entire team!  Meet Mike Hayes & Ashley Pacholewski: Mike Hayes serves as Assistant Superintendent of Aurora City School District in Northeast Ohio. Previously, he was principal of Aurora High School—known as “The Greenhouse”—and earlier served as an assistant principal and administrator in the Cincinnati/Dayton area. He began his career as a secondary language arts teacher. An Aurora resident, Mike holds a leadership certificate from Harvard University, an M.Ed. from Xavier University, and a B.A. from The Ohio State University. He is currently pursuing a Ph.D. in Educational Leadership at University of Dayton. Mike is passionate about growth, optimism, and courageous leadership. He believes in dreaming boldly, embracing vulnerability, and choosing to see the best in others while fully engaging in the life right in front of us. Dr. Ashley Pacholewski (Pach) serves as Principal of Aurora High School, “The Greenhouse,” in the Aurora City School District. Previously, she was an assistant principal at Ashland Middle School and began her career teaching English language arts and serving as an instructional coach at Brunswick High School. She earned her undergraduate degree from Bowling Green State University, her M.Ed. and reading certification from Cleveland State University, and her Ed.D. from Ashland University. Ashley is passionate about creating a culture of curiosity, connection, and joy—empowering teams to take risks, collaborate meaningfully, and support students as whole learners. Creating a Greenhouse Culture: In this week’s episode of Principal Matters, Dr. Jen Schwanke hosts a “full circle” conversation with Ashley Pacholewski, the first female principal in the history of Aurora High School, and Mike Hayes, Assistant Superintendent of Aurora City Schools. The discussion centers on the “Greenhouse” culture of their district—a nickname for their school, but also a metaphor for the school’s  nurturing environment where leadership is shared and growth is continuous. Mike describes the intentionality behind the transition to Ashley’s leadership, which was designed to ensure that the new leader wasn’t just a fit for the existing culture but had the authenticity to make it even better. Ashley reflects on her first year, emphasizing the profound impact of being given permission to enjoy her first year.  She describes a leadership style rooted in authenticity and gratitude, where she brings her whole self to the job—symbolized by the mason jar bouquets from her own garden that she leaves for staff. The support between Mike and Ashley serves as a model for effective mentorship; it is built on scheduled bi-weekly check-ins, generous assumptions of positive intent, and a lack of ego, allowing Ashley the space to lead without the weight of top level pressure. The Power of Permission: A successful transition starts when veteran leadership gives the new leader explicit permission to enjoy the role and focus on relationship-building rather than just immediate data or achievement. It also involves staff in reflecting on how they can support the incoming leader, creating a sense of shared ownership in the new principal’s success. Professional respect: Shift leadership vocabulary from “top-down” praise to “side-by-side” validation. Using language that honors the person (e.g., “You are inspiring”) rather than the leader’s reaction to them (e.g., “I am inspired by you”) fosters true professional respect. Stress is Good: Growth requires a certain amount of stress. Effective leaders don’t just clear the path; they provide the support systems that allow individuals to develop the strength to handle challenges. Cultural Gratitude: Small, authentic gestures are not “extras”; they are essential seeds of trust that define the building’s climate. The interview concludes with a powerful outlook on the future of school leadership as an infinite game. Mike shares a poignant analogy about the importance of wind in a biodome, noting that leaders should not seek to remove all obstacles, but rather help staff and students grow the resilience needed to withstand them. By focusing on intentional language and prioritizing collaborative learning over mandates, the Aurora team demonstrates how a heart-centered, value-driven approach creates a thriving educational ecosystem. The post PMP511: Creating a Greenhouse Culture with Mike Hayes & Ashley Pacholewski appeared first on Principal Matters.

  7. Jul 27

    MONDAY MATTERS with Jen Schwanke and Will Parker – Book Talk

    In this week’s Monday Matters episode, Jen and I grabbed four of the last books we’ve read, and shared a few takeaways from each for listeners looking for good reads this summer: Will’s List: The Lion Women of Tehran by Marjan KamaliA compelling novel tracing the history of Iran from the 1970s through the Revolution and into modern times through the lives of two lifelong friends. A Very Small Farm by William Paul WinchesterOne of my favorite winter reads when I’m longing to be in the garden. It’s a thoughtful memoir about restoring a small homestead and finding joy in simple living. Into the Wild by Jon KrakauerThe first time I’d read it. Equal parts wanderlust and cautionary tale, with Krakauer telling the tragic story Christopher Johnson while weaving in his own stories of nearly dying in the wilderness. Playground by Richard PowersPowers has a remarkable way of writing epic novels that make you care deeply about the natural world. This one will leave you thinking about the oceans long after you’ve finished it. Jen’s List: This Is Not About Running by Mary CainA powerful memoir from the former elite runner about identity, resilience, and reclaiming her life after experiencing abuse within professional athletics. Paper Girl by Beth MacyA memoir highlighting the value and importance of education in rural communities, told through the eyes of an award-winning journalist. If you enjoy it, also check out Dopesick. Still Writing by Dani ShapiroAn inspiring reflection on the creative life and the importance of continuing to make art, even through uncertainty. Awake by Jen HatmakerA thoughtful memoir about rebuilding a life, embracing change, and discovering that it’s okay to change your mind. Joyride by Susan OrleanA collection of essays that reminds us no story is ever as simple as it first appears. Reading it led me to Saturday Night, The Orchid Thief, and Rin Tin Tin. Now It’s Your Turn: What books are you reading? We’d love to add them to our own lists! The post MONDAY MATTERS with Jen Schwanke and Will Parker – Book Talk appeared first on Principal Matters.

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