I forged the word Disinfolklore out of disinformation and folklore in February 2023. **The Origins of the Folklore Folder** I established a folder on my computer in February 2020 called Folklore. And that folder, that’s where I was putting all these texts that I was reading to try and understand what trolls and trolling was about. And then that, out of that initial attempt to look at how those terms were being used in the media and had been used, tracing them back, going back to the, that led me on this massive journey, which I’m still on, into the origins of Indo-European languages, but also particularly through this data set from which I got from Factiva of tens of thousands of references to trolls and trolling. So I had that folder on my computer called Folklore. And then disinformation, obviously, was one of the words. It could be misinformation or disinformation. And in February 2023, I was trying to think of a way of how can I archetype everything I have learned since being on the bridge. Obviously that was February 2023, which is a year into the war as well, where I realized I, because of my experience on this bridge from February 2015 onwards, and seeing and looking at patterns and data that I had a particular way of perceiving the daily diet of information that we were receiving through X and through Telegram. At the time I was on Telegram and looking at for the full scale invasion. And I spent the first month of the full-scale invasion collecting information for the OSCE’s Moscow Mechanism mission, which then in April 2022 produced the first, it was charged by 44 countries, nation states, to inquire into Russia’s conduct of the war in Ukraine for the first month. And that report, which was then cited in the definitive, historical, comprehensive 600-page judgment delivered by the European Court on Human Rights about three months ago on Russia’s violations of the European Convention on Human Rights. So I was collecting this data initially to help these four jurists who were producing this report. But I found that I had a particular perspective on it that was worth sharing. But I was looking for a means of naming it, naming what I was doing. And I consciously sat down one day to say, okay, so I wrote down disinformation and then folklore. And obviously Disinfolklore then was pretty obvious then because of the F in Disinfolklore. So that’s where the moniker, the branding was born. **Why Folklore?** But instead of including the word folklore, I could have chosen song or folk song, propaganda, stories, narratives, or a heap of other words to describe the new phenomenon that I’ve identified. And folklore, however, captures best the way of seeing. So it’s a way of seeing in the sense of that brilliant book by Berger on ways of seeing, ways of looking at art. I think it’s from the early 70s. And that really, that title, that idea from Nietzsche as well, all knowledge is perspective. But this idea of ways of seeing, which is as valid today to see described as Disinfolklore, as folklore was in Jacob Grimm or Herder’s times. I mentioned Herder’s call last week in 1777 where he said, you know, it is time we’re under occupation by the French and we need to unite the 10 Germanic tribes. In order to do this, we need our Shakespeare. Where is our Shakespeare? We have no Shakespeare. And that he launched the folklore collection movement in Germany, which recruited the Grimm brothers later and Goethe. And they, riffing off this kind of, I mean, it’s quite, it’s amusing in a very nerdy way that the first, basically, if you’re looking at folklore studies, and since I did a course as a continuing education at Oxford last year just to go through the origins of folklore, which I found very useful and very helpful. But basically the folklore movement, one of the origin stories is in Macpherson’s Ossian Tales, which turned out to be faked. But they, from the 17th century, they brought into the consciousness of the whole of European, Europe basically was convulsed by these stories of peasant wisdom and the found, which is a trope actually across Indo-European culture, including in Tibetan Buddhism, of these documents, which are just suddenly found somewhere under a rock and, and MacPherson is the archetypal Disinfolklorist because he did communicate something very authentic. I mean, they’re mainly based on Irish folklore, but he did it in a deceptive manner but who can blame him because it was that work which then inspired Herder for instance to realise okay we can create a sense of national self-identity by collecting stories and finding the archetypal stories of the German people and for three years I had been researching Indo-European mythology and folklore this is the three years before 2023 and before a year, so a year into the full-scale invasion. For three years, I had been researching Indo-European mythology and folklore as a means of seeing how Russia and MAGA were using stories to create community. And I was looking for that moniker. And then Disinfolklore just suddenly came to me. A bit like that famous, you know, all those famous Eureka moments. **The Folkloric Dimensions of the Bridge** However, when I arrived, the reason I had this folder called Folklore on my computer was, yes, I was trying to look at trolling and trolls. But the, from the very, almost the very first moment I arrived at the bridge in Stanytsia Luhanska, which is on the Donets River, it’s in a biosphere reserve area, beautiful forestry, either side of the river, weeping willows, whose leaves are falling into the river and whose bows are bowed towards the river. And there was a bridge across it. And on either side of the bridge were the Russian occupiers on one side and the Ukrainian defenders on the other side, separated by a kilometre and a half. And then there was all these old houses, beautiful old wooden houses. Typically, the architecture around there, that part of Ukraine, is brick built, first story. And then they have wooden tops of the houses. And this didn’t fit my archetype of of Russia or of the Soviet Union, where I thought everyone lived in these horrible apartment blocks. And that’s from the perspective of a bourgeois Westerner, where these horrible apartment blocks generally aren’t, are kind of the equivalent that Americans see, you know, like projects. But of course, now having traveled a lot around Central and Eastern Europe, I realize that that archetypal meaning of these places is not consistent with the data where you have lovely, well-looked-after apartment blocks to the untrained eye. They just look like like a council estate in South London or something like that. But actually, when you’re getting close to them, you see, okay, there’s a whole community of people looking after them. And you have people from all type parts of society living in them. But at the time, it was quite surprising to me that people in the former Soviet Union would live in, I thought, because I’d learned about collectivization and getting rid of the kulaks and all that. But eastern Ukraine, as we’ve probably all seen in these images, it is a beautiful, just an amazingly beautiful place. But there’s something folklore about it and I saw that the moment I arrived there because I guess my only reference point when I arrived there was folklore and stories which I had read in Lady Bird books or Hansel and Gretel or from Disney films and a lot of the scenes which I saw there that my only, the archetype in my consciousness was folklore. So I had that intuition. I’m not going to say the first time I went to the bridge at Stanytsia Luhanska. You know, we gradually moved there, closer there. The first day I arrived in Severodonetsk in this hotel called the Mir Hotel, which is now no longer with us like so many buildings that I know in Ukraine have been destroyed and looted. And I was only there for seven years. And I often reflect on this, that if so many places dear to me, including hotels I stayed in and my own house in Severodonetsk, which was destroyed and my next door neighbor was torn to pieces by Russian artillery. And then his friend went to rescue him and he was then torn to pieces. And if I have had this experience, even though I only lived there for seven years in this hotel, then what it must be like for Ukrainians to have these whole cities and whole towns disappear from them, it often gives me an idea of the scale of the of the destruction, but sitting in the Mir Hotel in Severodonetsk, where I lived for a year, my first year there, we gradually moved closer to Stanytsia Luhanska from Severodonetsk. It’s about 180 kilometers, and there were terrible roads. And we would drive there each day, there and back each day. But about a month after I arrived there, we finally got to the bridge the first time. But pretty early on, I intuited there was something folklore about the situation. And I had an intuition that folklore was connected to it. So there’s this idea of a bridge and there’s often these kind of, in folkloric tales, something mediating between worlds and other worlds. And a bridge was both a metaphor and an actual fact. **The Wagner Mythology** And also on the Russian side of the bridge, the Russian-occupied side of the bridge, they were Wagner Army or Wanger Army unit soldiers guarding the bridge. So these were the, not only had they, by that time, this was before the mythology of the wanger had really entered the mainstream. And it’s probably a bit hard for us to remember this, but the wanger really didn’t, like most normal people, didn’t really know anything about Wagner Private Military Company until about 2022, 2023. Now, people paying attention to Russia and to Syria would have known about it, would have known about them. But in 2015, this was very close to their beginnings. But from my earliest times there, I was coming across these stories like mythical stories abo