The transition to motherhood can bring joy, excitement, and profound life changes. But for many women, it can also bring depression, anxiety, sleep disruption, and emotional challenges that go beyond the normal adjustment to a new baby. In this episode of Health Matters, host Courtney Allison speaks with Dr. Rochelle Joly and Dr. Lauren Osborne of NewYork-Presbyterian and Weill Cornell Medicine about postpartum depression, one of the most common complications of childbirth. Dr. Osborne explains the differences between the baby blues, postpartum depression, and the much rarer but serious condition known as postpartum psychosis. Together, the doctors discuss common symptoms, risk factors, and why many women are reluctant to seek help despite struggling with significant emotional distress. The conversation also highlights advances in maternal mental health care, including collaborative treatment models and an AI-based screening tool designed to identify patients at risk earlier in pregnancy. Finally, the doctors share practical advice for partners, families, and friends, emphasizing the critical role of community support, sleep, and early intervention in helping mothers recover and thrive. Chapters 00:00 – Baby Blues vs. Postpartum Depression How postpartum depression differs from the baby blues, why it is often missed, and common warning signs 05:00 – Anxiety, Sleep, and Postpartum Mental Health The connection between anxiety, insomnia, postpartum psychosis, and functional impairment 08:00 – Who Is at Risk and How AI May Help Risk factors for postpartum depression, biological research, and a new AI tool designed to identify vulnerable patients earlier 12:00 – Treatment, Support, and Helping New Moms Available treatments, community resources, the importance of loved ones, and ways families can support recovery Key Topics Covered Postpartum depressionPerinatal mood disordersMaternal mental healthBaby bluesPostpartum anxietyPostpartum psychosisDepression after childbirthReproductive psychiatryWomen's mental healthPregnancy and mental healthAI in healthcarePredictive health toolsEarly interventionSleep and mental healthMaternal wellnessFamily supportPartner supportMental health stigmaPsychotherapyMood disordersPregnancy risk factorsCollaborative carePostpartum recoveryCommunity supportKey Takeaway Postpartum depression is a common and treatable medical condition, not a personal failure. Recognizing the signs early, seeking support, protecting sleep, and connecting with healthcare professionals can make a meaningful difference for mothers, babies, and entire families. No one should have to navigate postpartum depression alone. Doctor Bios Dr. Rochelle Joly is a board-certified obstetrician and gynecologist with a minimally invasive gynecologic surgery-focused practice designation. She provides gynecologic care in the operating room and outpatient setting. She offers general gynecologic care, with a focus on treating abnormal uterine bleeding, fibroids, endometrial polyps, ovarian cysts, abnormal pap smears and colposcopy procedures, preconception and contraceptive health such as management of IUDs and implants. Dr. Joly has a specific interest in helping women navigate miscarriages and offers in-office procedures when appropriate. Dr. Joly aims to provide the most minimally invasive route a gynecologist can offer and is trained in vNOTES vaginal surgery. Dr. Joly received her medical degree from the Tel Aviv University Sackler School of Medicine and completed her residency at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center. Before joining NewYork-Presbyterian and Weill Cornell Medicine, Dr. Joly was an assistant professor of clinical obstetrics and gynecology at the University of Pennsylvania and also worked in a busy private practice in New York City, providing both obstetric and gynecologic care. Dr. Lauren Osborne is an obstetrician and gynecologist and reproductive psychiatrist at NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center. She graduated from Weill Cornell Medical College and received her training at Columbia University/New York State Psychiatric Institute. She completed both clinical and research fellowships in women's mental health and is an expert on the diagnosis and treatment of mood and anxiety disorders during pregnancy, the postpartum, the premenstrual period, and perimenopause. Dr. Osborne serves as the vice chair of clinical research in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Weill Cornell Medicine. Her research focuses on the biological mechanisms of perinatal mental illness, with a focus on neurosteroids and the immune system, and she runs the PIPPI Lab – Psychoneuroimmunology in Pregnancy and Postpartum – at Weill Cornell Medicine. She is also the chair of the Education Committee for Marcé of North America and founder and chair of the National Curriculum in Reproductive Psychiatry, a free web-based standardized curriculum. Her work has been supported by the Brain and Behavior Foundation, the Doris Duke Foundation, the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology, and the NIMH.